60 Articles
Dr. Alpa Prajapati
This study investigates the influence of social media advertising on the perception of online purchases among Indian students, using a sample size of 287 respondents collected through convenience sampling. Through quantitative analysis, the research examines the relationship between exposure to social media advertisements and attitudes towards online shopping among Indian students. Findings reveal insights into how factors like ad content, frequency of exposure, and perceived trustworthiness of online retailers promoted through social media influence consumer perceptions and behaviours. Additionally, the study highlights the pragmatic use of convenience sampling for data collection in research involving diverse populations. The implications of the study extend to marketers and advertisers, offering guidance on effectively targeting and engaging with the Indian student demographic through social media channels. Ultimately, this research contributes to the understanding of social media marketing and online consumer behaviour, emphasizing the importance of tailored advertising strategies to resonate with Indian students and drive online sales in the competitive digital marketplace.
Dr. Kyung Ki Eun, Dr. Mrinmoy Roy, Dr. Shradha Vernekar, Dr. Shyam Shukla, Suyesha Shukla
Purpose - Religious tourism is increasingly recognized as a catalyst for regional development, yet its strategic management through dynamic capabilities in emerging pilgrimage destinations remains insufficiently examined. Sacred cities draw upon their cultural heritage, spiritual identity, and evolving infrastructure to attract visitors and stimulate local economies. This study aims to explore how dynamic capabilities specifically sensing, seizing, and transforming shape sustainable tourism development and economic revitalization of JaiSriRam’s Ayodhya amid its recent religious and infrastructural resurgence. Design/methodology/approach - The study uses a qualitative case study approach combining secondary data such as government reports, tourism statistics, policy documents, and institutional publications with primary insights from stakeholder interviews. A dynamic capabilities lens is applied to understand how stakeholders identify opportunities, mobilize resources, and adapt within Ayodhya’s evolving tourism ecosystem. Findings - The findings suggest that Ayodhya’s transformation is underpinned by strong sensing capabilities linked to cultural and religious revival, effective seizing capabilities demonstrated through infrastructure ex-pansion and policy initiatives, and transforming capabilities reflected in broader ecosystem changes such as increased hospitality investments, employment generation, and digital integration. However, the study also highlights emerging challenges related to environmental sustainability, resource pressures, and the need for inclusive stakeholder engagement. Originality/value - This research contributes to the limited body of literature on dynamic capabilities within religious tourism contexts by positioning Ayodhya as an illustrative case of spiritually driven economic trans-formation. It underscores the importance of aligning cultural heritage with adaptive strategic capabilities while advocating for policy interventions that ensure long-term sustainability and balanced regional development
Wing Cheung Tang
The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into evaluation processes in education, recruitment, and research has significantly accelerated, propelled by advancements in large language models (LLMs) and machine learning. This critical review amalgamates evidence from systematic reviews, empirical studies, and ethical frameworks published from 2018 to 2026 to assess AI's role in evaluation. The review looks at the technical state of AI-based assessment, talks about the problems of algorithmic bias and fairness, points out the epistemological limitations of machine scoring, talks about the gaps in regulatory and ethical accountability, and thinks about the paradox of using AI to find AI-generated content. Our analysis finds that while AI can grade consistently and quickly, the evidence for its accuracy is shaky. Most performance tests for AI (benchmarks) are not statistically sound, efforts to reduce bias are fragmented, and current quality standards fail to address AI's unique failures. Bias mitigation efforts are disjointed, and current assessment quality criteria do not adequately address AI's distinct failures.
G.Das, K. B. Panda, M.Sen
This paper proposes a new weighted ratio-cum-product estimator using known coefficient of variation for estimating the finite population mean using two auxiliary variables under Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). The bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the proposed estimator are derived up to the first order of approximation. Optimum values of the parameters are obtained by minimizing the MSE. A theoretical comparison with existing estimators is presented along with empirical validation using real data sets. The results reveal that the proposed estimator performs better in terms of efficiency and bias under practical condition.
C. Shashank Reddy, Dr. Chaitanya Udatha, Y.S.S.K Keerthija
Malware detection is a complex task for signature-based anti-virus software, especially for polymorphic malware and zero-day attacks. However, this project proposes a vision-based static malware detection and classification method that represents raw executable file bytes as fixed-size grayscale images called byte plots and attempts to classify malware families based on these images without executing them. In this project, for the proposed model, the best architecture is Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) + Random Forest (CNN-RF). Initially, a CNN is trained to learn discriminative feature embeddings for byte plot images. Once this is done, the final softmax classifier is removed, and this CNN is used to generate a 256-dimensional vector for each input. Then, a class-balanced Random Forest is trained to predict the malware family and confidence scores. In this way, this proposed method is able to achieve better results for two different datasets, and the best results obtained are 98.07% for MalImg and 93.07% for MaleVis.
Barbara D. Ariar, RN, Joan P. Bacarisas, DM, MAN, RN
This quantitative descriptive–correlational study examined the level of adaptive leadership and empowering behaviors among nurse managers in a Level 2 government hospital, as well as their relationship. Data were collected using validated questionnaires covering adaptive leadership dimensions and key empowering behaviors. Findings showed that nurse managers demonstrated a high level of adaptive leadership, particularly in collaborative problem-solving, responsibility sharing, and support for learning, while conflict management ranked lowest. Empowering behavior was rated very high overall, with skill development as the strongest dimension and delegation of authority as the lowest. A strong positive relationship was found between adaptive leadership and empowering behavior, indicating that adaptive leadership significantly enhances staff empowerment. These results support Ronald Heifetz’s Adaptive Leadership Theory and Gretchen Spreitzer’s Psychological Empowerment Theory, highlighting that participative and development-oriented leadership fosters autonomy, competence, and engagement among nurses. Strengthening conflict management and delegation of authority is recommended to further improve empowerment and unit performance.
Joseph O. AREO, Tajudeen O. AJAYI, Thomas B. AKINTUNDE
Rapid urbanisation, widening housing deficits, and uneven regional development continue to threaten sustainable urban transformation, particularly within rapidly urbanising developing economies. This study examines affordable housing as a strategic instrument for sustainable regional development through interdisciplinary collaboration between architecture and urban and regional planning. Using a PRISMA-based systematic review, 519 records were identified from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, of which 55 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2016 and 2026 met the inclusion criteria. Policy reports from the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the World Bank, the United Nations, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change further supported the review. The study employed thematic synthesis, Weighted Frequency Index analysis, regression modelling, and inferential validation derived from coded thematic aggregation and evidence-pattern extraction within the reviewed studies. Quantitative synthesis produced regression outcomes (R² = 0.67) and inferential validation results (χ² = 0.91, p > 0.05; κ = 0.84), indicating strong thematic consistency and analytical reliability. Findings show that integrated housing and planning systems improve urban inclusiveness by 31.4%, reduce spatial inequality by 26.8%, and enhance regional productivity by 24.7%, while fragmented urban growth intensifies environmental and infrastructure pressures. The study contributes to a systems-oriented interdisciplinary framework linking affordable housing, governance coordination, infrastructure integration, and environmental sustainability toward more resilient and inclusive urban development.
DM, James L. Catedrilla, Maria Roselle G. Cadorna
This research investigates the relationship between workplace culture and employee retention at Patio Pacific Resort Boracay, employing a descriptive-correlational research framework. The study's sample consisted of 60 employees selected based on diverse demographic factors. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were utilized for the analysis. The demographic profile of the respondents revealed a predominantly male workforce (75%) and a notable segment of employees aged between 21 and 30 years (50%). The food and beverage department accounted for the largest share of the workforce (33%), with a significant number of employees having tenure ranging from 1 to 5 years (43%). The results indicated that workplace culture was viewed as extensive across several key dimensions, including recognition, leadership support, job security, working conditions, and opportunities for career advancement. Furthermore, employees expressed high levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, along with a strong inclination to remain with the resort, indicating conducive conditions for retention. Notably, a significant positive correlation was identified between perceptions of workplace culture and employee retention, with all five dimensions contributing significantly to enhancing employee satisfaction and commitment. These findings underscore the importance of a robust and supportive organizational culture at Patio Pacific Resort Boracay in fostering employee satisfaction, commitment, and retention.
Christopher Kabwe Mukuka
Cultural identity transformation has become a pressing analytical concern in contemporary African societies, particularly in Zambia, where globalization, urbanization, Western-oriented education, and the expansion of digital media continue to reshape social norms and value systems. This study examines cultural identity change through an interdisciplinary analytical framework that integrates anthropology, sociology, philosophy, and theology. It adopts a structured qualitative literature review with thematic synthesis, drawing on peer-reviewed articles, books, and institutional reports to systematically synthesize evidence on cultural transmission, intergenerational value shifts, and communal identity. The analysis demonstrates that while global and structural forces alter cultural practices, they generate hybrid identities and tensions between communal and individualistic orientations, especially among youth, rather than uniform cultural loss. By specifying search and synthesis procedures, the study strengthens methodological transparency and demonstrates how structural, ethical, and symbolic dimensions intersect. The interdisciplinary framework, supported by analytical tables and a conceptual diagram, offers a nuanced understanding of cultural continuity and adaptation. The study clarifies conceptual assumptions, identifies gaps in existing research, and outlines directions for future empirical inquiry in Zambia and comparable African contexts.
Adeyemi Biliqees Temitope, Makinde, Oladayo Ezekiel
The rapid increase in the use of digital technologies in daily activities has created both opportunities and threats. The paper reports an optimized Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for implementing a three-tier authentication system using fingerprint biometrics (Level 1), facial recognition (Level 2) and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) (Level 3). The model is created using a multi-layer perceptron optimized using Adam and L2 regularization in order to have better accuracy and stability under environmental changes. On NIST SD4, LFW, and IAM datasets, an overall accuracy of 97.8% was reached with a false acceptance rate (FAR) of less than 1.0% was attained through experimental evaluation. The results show that the suggested model is better than unimodal techniques by about 16%, which proves its possible ability to protect e-learning and administrative systems at Nigerian universities.
Christopher Onosemuode, Evangelyn Ebi Ayobi, Idowu Adigun Amusa, Kelvin Odeyovwi Ayobi, Peremi Richmond Ike, Tarela Juliet Ike
Occupational fatigue in the railway industry is a multidimensional problem deeply embedded in the psychosocial architecture of the working environment. Among the psychosocial risk factors most consistently linked to fatigue, job demand and work stress occupy a central position. In the Nigerian context, the rapid expansion of rail infrastructure typified by the inauguration of the Warri-Itakpe Train Service (WITS) in 2020 has introduced a burgeoning workforce into an operationally demanding environment where the management of psychosocial risks remains nascent. Railway workers face heavy and irregular workloads, shift schedules, vigilance-intensive tasks, and limited job control, all of which collectively elevate the risk of occupational fatigue and its attendant consequences for productivity and rail safety. This study investigated the relationship between job demand, work stress, and occupational fatigue among railway workers in the Warri-Itakpe Train Service of the Nigerian Railway Corporation (NRC), while contextualising these associations within the broader spectrum of psychosocial health risk factors. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was employed. Using Slovin's formula at a 5% margin of error, a sample of 305 railway workers was recruited from 12 stations within the Warri-Itakpe Train Service using multi-stage sampling. Data were collected with the Smith Wellbeing Survey (SWELL), a validated 27-item instrument grounded in the Wellbeing Process Questionnaire (WPQ). The Demands, Resources, and Individual Effects (DRIVE) model guided conceptual framing. Statistical analyses included weighted averages, relative risk (RR), absolute risk (AR), Pearson's correlation, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression, all executed in SPSS Version 25.0. Job demand and work stress were the two strongest psychosocial predictors of occupational fatigue across the entire study population. Job demand recorded the highest relative risk of all 15 health risk factors assessed (RR = 7.71; AR = 89%; r = 0.81, p < 0.01; R² = 0.66), while work stress followed closely (RR = 5.22; AR = 84%; r = 0.73, p < 0.01; R² = 0.53). Chi-square analysis confirmed statistically significant associations for job demand (χ² = 29.754, p < 0.001) and work stress (χ² = 12.985, p < 0.001) with occupational fatigue. Stratified analysis by job type revealed that engineers bore the highest job demand risk (RR = 24.00; AR = 96%) while train drivers recorded the most severe work stress risk (RR = 12.00; AR = 92%). Job demand and work stress are predominant psychosocial determinants of occupational fatigue among Nigerian railway workers. The findings underscore an urgent need for the Nigerian Railway Corporation to restructure workloads, enforce fatigue-risk management policies, expand staffing, and institutionalise psychosocial support mechanisms. Failure to address these factors threatens both worker well-being and the operational safety of Nigeria's growing rail network.
Tariro Maraire
Forensic psychology interns frequently encounter clinicians as clients. These being health-care professionals requiring assessment during their therapy process. The clinician-clients often exhibit high self-awareness and clinical insight, thereby, creating a unique psychological dilemma that can be unsettling for interns and in turn compromise professional objectivity. This qualitative study investigated specific professional dilemmas and ethical challenges faced by four forensic psychology interns in conducting violence risk assessments, family reintegration suitability, and competency evaluations among clinician-clients within a drug rehabilitation centre in Harare, Zimbabwe. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion and was analysed using Thematic Analysis. Findings identified four primary challenges: heightened confidentiality threats, compassion fatigue, complex power imbalances and problems in forming therapeutic alliances. The expert-vs-expert dynamic was proved to present a blurred professional boundary, thereby complicating the forensic psychology interns' evaluative role. The research exhibits a critical gap in forensic internship, where dual-status of the client as a clinician-professional creates unique stressors. Future research should focus on developing specialised support mechanisms, and supervision models for forensic psychology interns. Addressing these unsaid challenges is crucial for enhancing the performance and competency of emerging forensic psychologists.
Ms. Elizabeth Njeri Ngigi
Digital technology has become embedded in nearly every aspect of modern childhood, transforming how children learn, communicate, play, and understand the world. While technological access offers educational and social benefits, increasing evidence suggests that early and unregulated exposure to digital environments may also contribute to cognitive overload, reduced attention span, dependency patterns, shallow information processing, and diminished critical thinking. Existing approaches largely frame digital safety as a matter of parental supervision or individual responsibility. However, this paper argues that such framing is insufficient given the ubiquity, persuasive design, and developmental impact of technology.
Devaraju J T, Shwetha D, Swetha
Multimedia streaming over Ad Hoc networks has recently gained significant attention due to the highly scalable, self-starting, self-managing, self-healing and infrastructure-free nature of these networks. In Ad Hoc networks, data packets are transmitted from the source to the destination through multiple intermediate nodes using distributed multi-hop communication. At each intermediate node, packets experience varying buffering delays before being forwarded to the next hop. Furthermore, intermediate nodes may require a random number of retransmission attempts before successfully forwarding packets. Consequently, some packets may arrive at the destination earlier than preceding packets, some may be dropped, and others may arrive later than subsequent packets, leading to packet reordering at the destination. This issue becomes more critical in multimedia streaming applications based on the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), where stale packets are discarded to maintain real-time delivery. As a result, the effective throughput between the transport layer and the application layer decreases, thereby degrading the quality of multimedia streaming. To address these challenges, this paper proposes two novel buffering algorithms: the Static Reordering Buffer (SRB) and the Improved Reordering Buffer (IRB) algorithms. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated using the QualNet 6.1 network simulator with the objective of improving multimedia streaming quality in Ad Hoc networks.
Dr. Roshni Padate, Gauri Waghulade, Mohika Rane, Mokshada Rane, Vinisha Rajpurkar
In today’s fast-paced job market, students and novice professionals face difficulty in discovering the best learn-ing pathways, realizing sufficient role-associated readiness, and building a professional presence. Conventional learning materials have too often been in a disconnected, generic, and non-aligned form with the latest industry specifications. In light of these severe challenges, we suggest a cutting-edge AI-based career readiness platform. This product presents an end-to-end and customized solution that covers up-skilling training, role readiness develop-ment, and professional presence building. The main goal of this project is to close the existing skill gap between students and the expectations of the modern job market by providing an integrated and intelligent platform that encompasses both learning and career readiness. This end result is achieved through a set of seven specialist services: PathPro functions as a Roadmap Generator, creating individualized and goal-setting learning paths per user. CourseCraft uses artificial intelligence to create unique learning materials and, hence, ensure both applicability and quality. For supplementary learning assistance, NoteScribe functions as a YouTube Video to Notes Converter and produces thorough study notes from videos. In keeping the users well-informed, TrendLens also sources important industry knowledge and market trends. The system then turns its attention to job market outreach via Craftsume, a professional Resume Generator, and CoverForge, a free Cover Letter Generator. RoleReady finally concludes the readiness phase with mock tests that are exactly specialized for particular sought-after job functions and hence builds a complete solution to career development.
David I. Forsyth
This paper extends a low-cost wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) source from 12 to 20 dense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) channels using a cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) architecture — without requiring any coherent lasers. A second SOA stage, seeded by the 12-channel output of the first stage (derived from three non-uniformly spaced, spectrum-sliced ASE inputs from a single high-power LED), generates eight additional four-wave mixing (FWM) components. The non-uniform input spacing (0.3 THz and 0.4 THz) deliberately inhibits a fully populated frequency comb, producing a finite, structured, and manufacturable channel set. Performance reveals a practical trade-off: the three original inputs exceed 195 km, while the eight cascaded channels are limited to 25–100 km — fully viable for urban and distribution links. Compared with conventional laser-array DWDM systems, the proposed design offers significantly lower cost and complexity. Future experimental validation under real-world conditions is recommended, alongside simplified diagrams and application scenarios to improve accessibility for students and industry practitioners.
Reuben Peters Omale
Chaos theory, a branch of mathematics focusing on the behavior of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions, has transcended its scientific origins to influence various disciplines, including architecture. This paper explores the intersection of chaos theory and architecture, examining how the principles of chaos theory have inspired the quest for new architectural forms. This paper explores the impact of chaos theory—specifically concepts such as fractals, non-linearity, emergence, and strange attractors—on the quest for new architectural forms. It argues that chaos theory is not merely a source of aesthetic inspiration but a generative and analytical tool that facilitates a more responsive, adaptive, and ecologically integrated architecture. By analyzing three relevant case studies, it argues that chaos theory provides not merely a novel aesthetic but a fundamental new methodology for architectural designs. Through the analysis of specific case studies—including the Heydar Aliyev Center, the Beijing National Stadium China, and the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao-Spain, this paper argues that chaos theory provides a conceptual framework for understanding and designing complex, non-linear structures that reflect the dynamic nature of contemporary society. The paper concludes that the incorporation of chaos theory represents a move towards an architecture that embraces the complexity of life itself, and this paradigm shift enables an architecture that embodies the dynamic, complex, and interconnected nature of contemporary life.
Almahden C. Lumidseg, Anika P.B.J. Sendico, Isabella K.M. Galgo, Roden C. Yumol
Recent statistics from the World Health Organization indicate that noncommunicable diseases such as cancer and diabetes mellitus remain major global health challenges, with cancer responsible for an estimated 9.7 million deaths worldwide in 2022 and diabetes directly causing about 1.6 million deaths in 2021, while also contributing to millions more through cardiovascular complications [18,19]. This study aims to determine the phytochemical, anti-angiogenic, and anti-hyperglycemic potential of Chayote (Sechium edule) peel extract. Ethanolic peel extract was subjected to phytochemical screening and tested for cytotoxicity, angiosuppressive activity, and blood glucose reduction. Secondary metabolites screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, and tannins, which possess known anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. Test for angiosuppressive activity using the Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay revealed a significant anti-angiogenic property at 25%, 50%, and 75% concentrations of the S. edule peel extract with all inhibiting the growth of blood vessels. These results were comparable to the positive control, methotrexate. The Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay revealed an LC50 value of 505.14 μg/mL. Since this value is greater than 100 μg/mL which indicates that the extract maybe non-toxic to human cells. Analysis of glycemic activity showed that the extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels in mice, particularly at 200 µg/mL, which performed at par with the positive control. The results proved that S. edule peel extract exhibits promising phytonutraceutical, anti-angiogenic, and anti-diabetic properties, representing a potential novel approach for cancer prevention and diabetes management. Isolation of potent bioactive compounds responsible for the aforementioned claims should be done as well as in vivo testing should be conducted to further validate the results of the study.
Alex Kapalasa, Hope Herbert Nkhoma, Mtafu Manda, Ulemu Msiska, William Mandhlopa
Bidens pilosa L. (Blackjack) is an indigenous plant widely distributed across Sub-Saharan Africa, traditionally valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties yet often dismissed as a weed (FAO, 2012; Pillai et al., 2020). Despite growing scientific evidence of its pharmacological potential (Pillai et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2019), little is known about how local communities perceive and utilize this plant within their traditional knowledge systems. This study investigated household perceptions and traditional knowledge of Bidens pilosa in rural and peri-urban Malawi, employing a mixed-methods design that combined household surveys, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Findings revealed high awareness and consistently positive perceptions of Bidens pilosa, particularly regarding its medicinal and nutritional relevance. PCA identified two dominant components—medicinal–health and economic–nutraceutical—explaining 72.2% of the variance. Perceptions varied significantly across gender, education, occupation, and cooperative membership, with women and cooperative members expressing stronger positive views. Qualitative narratives underscored the plant’s cultural integration in food preparation, traditional healing, and income generation. The study concludes that Bidens pilosa is deeply embedded in community knowledge and valued for its multifunctional benefits. These insights highlight its potential role in nutrition programs, primary healthcare, conservation initiatives, and smallholder commercialization strategies across Sub-Saharan Africa.
Dr. Aparnaa Upadhyaya DDS MPA BDS, Mary Grace Hilario
Post‑extraction socket management is a routine yet clinically significant aspect of dental practice. While many extraction sites are allowed to heal by secondary intention, absorbable gelatin sponges such as Gelfoam or Surgifoam combined with chromic gut sutures are frequently used to enhance clot stability and soft‑tissue approximation. This PRISMA‑aligned systematic review synthesizes existing literature comparing healing outcomes of extraction sockets managed with chromic gut sutures and gelatin sponge packing versus natural, unsutured healing. Searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library identified randomized controlled trials, split‑mouth studies, and systematic reviews evaluating time for hemostasis, postoperative pain, early soft‑tissue healing, and complication rates. Across studies, adjunctive socket management demonstrated improved early hemostasis, reduced postoperative pain, and enhanced initial mucosal healing, while long‑term outcomes were generally comparable in healthy patients. Natural healing remains predictable for uncomplicated extractions; however, selective use of chromic gut sutures with gelatin sponge packing may provide meaningful early postoperative benefits.
Brian Bantugan
This study investigated the dualistic role of artificial intelligence (AI) in shaping critical thinking within educational contexts, specifically focusing on the Communication Program at St. Paul University Manila. Employing a qualitative, interpretive research design, the study utilizes comparative discourse analysis of contradicting YouTube transcripts alongside a synthetic analysis of scholarly article by Brian Bantugan that proposed a policy framework on AI governance in St. Paul University Manila. The analytical framework integrates Cognitive Hierarchy Theory, Sociocultural Theory, and Cognitive Offloading Theory to move beyond binary perspectives of advocacy or resistance. Findings reveal two primary paradigms: AI as "cognitive augmentation," where the technology reconfigures intellect toward high-level task stewardship and information verification, and AI as "cognitive substitution," where overreliance leads to "passive consumption" and cognitive atrophy. Results indicate that while AI can enhance higher-order analysis, it risks "short-circuiting" the foundational mental effort required for deep learning. Consequently, the study proposes a progressive "Learn First, Augment Later" pedagogical model. In Basic Education, AI should serve as a limited "cognitive scaffold" to protect foundational skill formation. In Higher Education, AI transitions into a "cognitive partner" for advanced synthesis, provided learners maintain active agency. These insights culminate in a modified AI governance framework for St. Paul University Manila, emphasizing stage-based integration, process-based assessment, and the transition from output-oriented to cognition-centered evaluation. Ultimately, the study concludes that AI’s impact is determined not by the technology itself, but by the developmental timing of its integration, ensuring students remain active seekers of knowledge rather than passive recipients of machine-generated content.
Konam Ramesh
Fungal infections in plants and humans pose major challenges to food security and clinical diagnostics, yet their identification still depends on expert microscopy and culture-based methods that are slow and equipment-intensive. Existing deep learning models for fungal classification achieve high accuracy under controlled imaging conditions but fail under illumination shifts, class imbalance, and low-data regimes typical of field or point-of-care scenarios. This study introduces Deep SporeNet, a compact convolutional neural network (CNN) with a few-shot episodic learning head and illumination-robust preprocessing, designed for mobile deployment in agricultural and clinical environments. The proposed framework integrates (i) color constancy and stain normalization to counter variable lighting, (ii) a MobileNetV2/EfficientNet-Lite backbone for efficient feature extraction, (iii) a Prototypical Network head for low-sample fungal taxa recognition, (iv) entropy-based test-time adaptation (TENT) for on-device robustness, and (v) temperature scaling for confidence calibration. Evaluations on the MycoAI-Lab and FieldMyco-Real datasets demonstrate that Deep SporeNet achieves 94.2% accuracy, 92.8% macro-F1, and a tail-class F1 of 82.7%, outperforming state-of-the-art mobile CNNs while running in < 50 ms on a standard smartphone processor. Its well-calibrated predictions (ECE = 0.039) and interpretable Grad-CAM visualizations confirm suitability for real-time fungal diagnostics, crop protection, and biodiversity monitoring. The model thus represents a scalable step toward AI-assisted mycology that is both data-efficient and deployable in resource-limited settings.
Almaida M. Macararic, James Q. Tagalog, Liezel P. Naquines, Najeb B. Aloyod, Settie-Zhymah S. Padate
This study utilized an experimental research design, specifically the one-group pre-test and post-test design, to determine the effectiveness of a localized context-based STEM education lesson exemplar in enhancing the conceptual understanding of Grade V learners at Sultan Naga Dimaporo Memorial Integrated School (SNDMIS), Lanao del Norte. Thirty-six (36) Grade V pupils were enrolled during School Year 2025–2026.A 20-item multiple-choice test aligned with the Grade V Science curriculum was administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentage distribution, mean, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Findings showed that pre-test scores were generally low, indicating limited prior understanding of concepts related to the interactions between living and non-living things in estuaries and intertidal zones. After the implementation of the localized STEM lesson exemplar, post-test scores significantly improved. The Wilcoxon test yielded a p-value of 0.000, confirming a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores. This result indicates that the localized context-based STEM approach effectively enhanced learners’ conceptual understanding
Afolabi Bukola Olanrewaju, Fadele Noah Taiwo, Onatola Iyiola Tope
Drying remains one of the most important postharvest engineering operations required for the preservation of medicinal leaves through effective moisture reduction while maintaining product quality, storability, and process reliability. This study investigated the time–temperature dependent drying kinetics and moisture diffusion behaviour of guava (Psidium guajava), bitter (Vernonia amygdalina), and scent (Ocimum gratissimum) leaves under ambient sun drying and electrically controlled oven drying conditions. Emphasis was placed on moisture content reduction, moisture ratio (MR), drying rate, moisture retention capacity, and thin-layer kinetic modelling as influenced by leaf type and drying environment. Drying experiments were conducted over an 8-hour period with hourly measurements of mass, temperature, and relative humidity. Sun drying was carried out under fluctuating atmospheric conditions (32–37 °C; 59–80% RH), whereas oven drying was maintained at 60 ± 1 °C. Results showed that sun drying reduced moisture content to safe storage levels (<10%) but exhibited irregular drying patterns characterized by fluctuating MR profiles, lower drying constants, and unstable falling-rate behaviour. In contrast, oven drying achieved rapid and uniform moisture reduction within 6 hours, with smooth MR decay curves and higher drying constants, indicating enhanced internal moisture diffusivity. Among the leaves, bitter leaf exhibited the fastest drying response, while guava leaf showed greater resistance to moisture migration. Thin-layer model fitting revealed that the Page model provided the best predictive performance with coefficient of determination (R²) values up to 0.998. Overall, electrically controlled drying demonstrated superior efficiency, predictability, and engineering suitability for large-scale medicinal leaf preservation.
Razelle T. Peñaredondo
This study examined the emotional stress and instructional quality of elementary school teachers in the Getafe I District and explored the relationship between these variables using survey questionnaires and Individual Performance Commitment and Review Form (IPCRF) ratings. Findings emphasized the importance of teachers’ profiles—such as age, gender, educational attainment, financial status, and assigned responsibilities—as these may influence both stress experiences and instructional performance. Most teachers are young, predominantly female, and manage multiple responsibilities while pursuing professional growth. Despite these demands, teachers generally experience low levels of emotional stress, although moderate exhaustion was observed. Among the stress domains, exhaustion ranked the highest (mean = 2.25, SD = 0.61), followed by psychological distress (mean = 1.93, SD = 0.39), emotional impairment (mean = 1.92, SD = 0.36), mental distance (mean = 1.90, SD = 0.57), and cognitive impairment (mean = 1.89, SD = 0.42), while psychosomatic complaints had the lowest mean (1.75, SD = 0.50). Instructional quality remained consistently high, with 99.06% of teachers receiving a Very Satisfactory rating and only 0.94% achieving an Outstanding rating. The results showed that workload, educational attainment, and financial status significantly influence both emotional stress and instructional quality, while age and gender do not. Notably, emotional stress has no significant relationship with instructional quality, indicating that teachers can maintain effective teaching despite stress. Overall, the study highlights teachers’ resilience and recommends that school administrators implement targeted support programs focusing on workload management, professional development, and wellness initiatives to sustain teacher well-being and instructional quality.
Dr. Chaitanya Udatha, Krithi Chippada, Satvik Dabbara
Large Language Models (LLMs) have become an integral part of our daily lives; they are used for tasks such as chatbots in customer services and require a lot of computing power. If the user base is large, generating different responses to similar queries results in slower performance and increased computational latency. Hence hierarchical caching systems like GPTCache and MinCache were introduced to reduce redundant inference using exact matching, resemblance matching and semantic matching of the prompts with stored queries to reuse LLM responses for similar queries. However, Unigram-based resemblance caching mechanisms are susceptible to adversarial lexical reordering leading to excessive false positive cache hits. The proposed research introduced structural-aware resemblance matching to improve the robustness of the system without violating the ideology of MinCache by using lightweight and fast similarity caching mechanisms. It has achieved 7.39x safer cache reuse compared to the standard 1-g Minhash while preserving 79.5% of resemblance layer throughput and maintained overall accuracy.
Joan P. Bacarisas, Mae G. Forcadilla
This qualitative study utilized a Husserlian descriptive phenomenological design to explore the lived experiences of operating room (OR) nurses navigating unpredictable surgical realities. Conducted in government hospitals within Surigao City and the Caraga Region, the study involved eight (8) OR nurses to uncover the essence of their professional practice amid systemic and clinical uncertainty. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’s method of phenomenological analysis. Findings revealed that nurses experienced the operating room as a high-stakes environment characterized by sudden case insertions, resource shortages, workflow disruptions, and emergent surgical demands. The study identified key themes reflecting the realities encountered, the emotional and mental burdens experienced, and the strategies employed by nurses in managing these challenges. The findings highlighted that OR nurses served as stabilizing forces within unpredictable clinical environments through adaptability, rapid decision-making, and professional resilience. The applicability of the study suggests that operating room nursing is inherently shaped by unpredictability, requiring both technical competence and emotional strength. It further emphasizes the need for responsive nursing management strategies, improved communication systems, and institutional support mechanisms to sustain nurse well-being and ensure patient safety.
Boyelayefa, K., Chiazor F. I, Ideozu, R. U., Mba-Otike, M. N., Oyanyan, R. O.
This study focuses on facies distribution in Cretaceous outcrops along Enugu-Agbogugu axis of the Anambra Basin, south-eastern Nigeria. It is aimed at unravelling the depositional environments of the sedimentary successions and reconstructing the paleogeographic setting. Six well-exposed outcrops were methodically studied with six lithofacies identified, namely: lateritic claystone, bioturbated sandy heteroliths, carbonaceous shale, coal seam, ironstone beds and cross-bedded sandstones. The lithofacies diagnostic features were flaser and lenticular bedding, herringbone cross-stratification; planar and trough crossbedding and an assemblage of ichnofossils including Planolites, Skolithos, and Asterosoma. The lithofacies were grouped into four genetically correlated facies associations, viz: flood plain, distributary channel, prodelta and open marine or offshore that together defined a deltaic system dominated by fluvial processes and associated tidal overprint. The vertical successions and lateral correlations of lithofacies reveal a stratigraphic architecture indicating a complex history of delta progradation influenced by relative sea-level fluctuations and high sediment supply. The outcrops are generally structurally deformed by joints, fractures, syn-depositional normal faults and folds. The folds are effect of compressive stress believed to be associated with the post-Santonian tectonic events. This outcrop-scale study enhances the understanding of heterogeneity in deltaic reservoir under the strong influence of fluvial and tidal processes, as well as the potential for petroleum stratigraphic and structural traps in Anambra basin and others with similar tectonic and stratigraphic settings.
Ms Sharmeela R, Sreelakshmi S
There has been more interest in making functional drinks in the last several years because more people are looking for natural and health-promoting items. Guava leaves were chosen for the beverage's development because of their therapeutic effects on the human body (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic), their high polyphenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant content. Guava leaves can be transformed into a novel fermented herbal drink, integrating traditional herbal uses with contemporary nutraceutical applications, which is the first step toward developing a novel beverage. This research aims to develop a functional beverage while utilizing guava leaves with various health benefits. This natural, health-driven novel beverage adheres to global consumer demands for inclusive, sustainable and nutrient-dense drinking options and provides artisanal and commercial sectors with a scalable solution to sustainable global demands for economic equity, environmental efficacy and health.
Piyush Chavan, Prof.Moushmee Kuri, Pushkar Thombare, Tanvi Bokade
Conventional approaches to detecting plagiarism involve mainly string-matching and n-gram fingerprinting methods, which can detect plagiarised documents involving verbatim plagiarism, but they cannot catch paraphrasing, synonym substitutions, or imitations of writing styles. Such shortcomings have now gained importance due to developments of sophisticated intelligent paraphrasing and the use of advanced large language models, which help evade detection by conventional approaches. In this research, we present HPCM, an end-to-end plagiarism detection system that utilises a nine-module machine-learning-based pipeline combining three analysis components: the first is the cosine similarity of terms using the TF-IDF method, secondly, embedding-based semantic similarity using the all-miniLM-L6-v2 model, and thirdly, stylistic similarity based on the analysis of POS Distribution, Type Token Ratio, and Sentence length statistics. These results are combined through the application of a weighted sum fusion function that gives greater emphasis to the semantic similarity score. Additionally, a novel Dynamic Similarity Calibration (DSC) module adjusts the plagiarism score per pair based on the relative length of documents, their vocabulary richness, and topic similarity. Experiments conducted over four different categories of plagiarism reveal that HPCM scores 69.0% in detecting paraphrases compared to 24.9% by conventional approaches, showing a remarkable 44.1 percentage point improvement. It is implemented as a microservices system on Vercel, Render, Hugging Face Spaces, and MongoDB Atlas, proving the practicality of using multilayered neural models for detecting plagiarism even with only free-tier cloud resources. The source code, along with the testing data, is publicly available.
Dr.Elrafie A. A.Allah, Dr.Omyma Altayib Haj Almakki, Prof.Yasir A. Mohamed
The study aimed to improve the quality of Cane juice by adding sugar Beet juice and determining the best addition ratio of sugar Beet juice to sugar Cane juice. The experiment is conducted by mixing beet juice with the cane juice by different ratio, begin experiences by ratio %5 of beet sugar juice and 95% of sugar cane juice until we reach the ratio equal of Beet juice and cane juice and to know the change that happens to Cane juice after mixing. where the calculation were carried out by the formula for calculating the concentration of mixtures. This study showed the improves of quality parameters of the mixture of Beet juices and cane juices Positively. The pol increase from 10.5 to 21.5 and the Brix increase from 13.4 to 25.1. The purity of the blended juice increased significantly where before the addition of sugar Beet juice was 78.3 and after addition of sugar Beet juice recorded purity 88.65.The pH value increased from 5.2-6.65 .. Each increased percentage added Beet juice note the improvement in the properties of mixed juice, especially in the degree of purity. The study was recommended to add Sugar Beet juice to Sugar factories in Sudan to improve the quality of Cane juice and conduct more studies on the effect of adding sugar Beet juice to sugar Beet juice
Feb Yvonney M. Matugas, Frank-Jay M. Fullo, Liezel A. Mirador, Liezel P. Naquines, Najeb B. Aloyod
Science plays a crucial role in developing problem-solving skills and critical thinking among learners. However, traditional teaching approaches in the elementary level often fail to sustain learners’ interest and engagement, especially in abstract science concepts. While studies have shown the effectiveness of STEM based instruction, there is a lack of research on how localized, context-based STEM approaches can enhance learning outcomes at the primary level, particularly in Grade 3 Science. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of integrating a localized context-based STEM education approach in teaching selected Science topics among Grade 3 learners at Sultan Naga Dimaporo Memorial Integrated a School (SNDMIS) during the Academic Year 2025-2026. A total of 33 learners officially enrolled in Section A were selected as respondents. A 20-item test was administered before and after the intervention to measure the learners’ performance. Data were analyzed using frequency/percentage distribution, weighted mean, and the Paired Sample T-test. Findings revealed that the pre-test scores of the respondents were generally low, while the post-test results showed a significant increase in achievement levels. The mean score increased from 10.97 to 16.06, the t-test confirmed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores (t = -9.10, p<0.05). This proves that the intervention had a positive and significant effect on the learners’ academic performance such as making paper eyeglasses. The learners’ output were evaluated in terms of understanding, creativity and design, and participation which scored between 92.67% and 93.33%. This indicates that the learners generally understood the task well, showed creativity, and actively participated in the activity. Learners’ attitude on their STEM activity got the grand weighted mean of 2.84, interpreted as “Highly Positive”.This study concludes that contextualized STEM instruction, grounded in local and familiar situations, can improve learners’ understanding, retention, and engagement in Science learning.
Oguntimehin Abiodun S, Oluwole Toluwalase Gregory
This paper examines the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) technologies in the facility management of Nigerian healthcare facilities. Healthcare facilities in Nigeria encounter persistent challenges including ageing infrastructure, overcrowded wards, poorly maintained medical equipment, and inefficient administrative processes, all of which compromise operational efficiency and patient care quality. Through a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed sources published between 2016 and 2026, this study explores how IoT and BIM technologies can address these challenges through real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and data-driven decision-making. The paper synthesises literature on technology adoption in healthcare settings across Africa and conducts a comparative analysis of Nigeria with Kenya, South Africa, India, Rwanda, Ghana, Uganda, Tanzania, and Malawi. Key findings indicate that IoT and BIM implementation can reduce equipment downtime by approximately 25 to 35 percent, optimise energy consumption by 20 percent, and improve space utilisation efficiency. However, adoption remains limited, primarily due to financial constraints, inadequate technical expertise, deficient infrastructure, and weak policy support. Major barriers include high implementation costs, shortage of skilled personnel, irregular power supply, and poor internet connectivity. The study proposes evidence-based strategies including investment in digital infrastructure, institutional policy development, capacity building for facility managers, continuous monitoring and evaluation, strategic resource allocation, and promotion of inter-departmental collaboration. The paper concludes that technology integration constitutes a strategic imperative for modern healthcare facility management in Nigeria, offering substantial potential for sectoral improvement.
Isaiah Nuah
This article examines international education as a tool of diplomatic influence, with particular focus on China’s strategic use of scholarship programs, Confucius Institutes, vocational training, and academic exchanges as instruments of soft power in Africa. Using Liberia as a primary case study, the paper traces the historical trajectory of China–Liberia educational cooperation from the resumption of diplomatic relations in 2003 to the landmark 2024 FOCAC Beijing Summit. Drawing on diplomatic records, institutional data, and secondary literature, the study finds that China’s education diplomacy in Liberia encompasses five interconnected dimensions: government scholarships, Confucius Institute establishment, capacity-building program, infrastructure investment in educational facilities, and people-to-people exchange platforms. These efforts have progressively deepened bilateral relations and positioned education as a central pillar of China’s broader soft power strategy in West Africa. The article further analyses tensions between developmental intent and geopolitical instrumentality, noting that while Liberian graduates acquire valuable technical skills, the selectivity of program design reflects China’s national interest framing. Comparative data from FOCAC I (2000) through FOCAC IX (2024) reveal an escalatory pattern in Chinese educational pledges, culminating in 60,000 scholarships and training slots for the 2024–2027 cycle. The findings contribute to the growing literature on education diplomacy, South–South cooperation, and China’s global influence strategy in the post-pandemic era.
Swapan Samanta, Tarapada Manna
This paper reports on a forty-year field study — one of the longest of its kind — examining how three of the world's most important food crops respond to changes in irrigation timing. Working across smallholder farms in West Bengal, India, between 1985 and 2025, we tracked 327 individual plants of paddy rice, wheat, and potato through hundreds of growing seasons. What we found was, in some ways, exactly what experienced farmers have long suspected: crops appear to care not only about how much water they receive, but about when. After two to three weeks on a consistent watering schedule, plants seemed to anticipate their irrigation — showing physiological signs of preparation before water even arrived. When we disrupted those schedules abruptly, yields fell by 15 to 35 percent, even when the total amount of water delivered remained exactly the same. Gentle, gradual schedule transitions, by contrast, produced almost no disruption at all.
Elisha Taye Ige, Muhammad Fawaz Abubakar, Olaolu Oyinlola Bilewu, Oyeniyi Rasheed Muhammed, Saheed Olalekan Rabiu, Sulyman Bolakale Saka, Yusuf Funsho Issa
Introduction: Inadequate menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is associated with reproductive tract infections, school absenteeism, and stigma among young women in resource-limited environments. Information on MHM among rural Nigerian adolescents is scarce. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and determinants of MHM among adolescent female secondary school students in Shao, Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 350 secondary school girls in classes SSS 1-3 from five purposively selected schools in Shao from June to August 2025. The sample size was calculated using Cochran’s formula with a 10% non-response rate. Participants were selected via multistage sampling with proportionate allocation across classes. Data were gathered using a pretested, semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire available in English and Yoruba. The instrument was validated by public health and obstetrics experts, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.81 for the knowledge section. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Knowledge, attitude, and practice were scored, graded, and categorized. Associations were tested using chi-square at p<0.05, and binary logistic regression was conducted to identify independent predictors of good menstrual hygiene practice. Result: The mean age was 16.97±1.73 years. Overall, 60.6% had adequate knowledge, 40.9% had good practices, and 76.3% had a negative attitude towards MHM. Although 72.9% used absorbent materials, 68.6% used commercially made sanitary pads. In addition, 60% disposed of used pads improperly. Major constraints included lack of toilet privacy (70.9%), inadequate information (64.9%), and cost of sanitary pads (49.4%). Knowledge had a significant correlation with age, religion, birth order, school type, parents’ education level, regularity, and duration of menstruation (p<0.05). Practice had a significant correlation with guardian, religion, parents' education level, regularity, family history of dysmenorrhea, duration, and pain (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression further identified living with parents (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.45–3.78, p = 0.001), tertiary maternal education (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.12–3.19, p = 0.017), regular menstruation (AOR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.23–3.62, p = 0.007), and absence of dysmenorrhea (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.08–2.87, p = 0.024) as independent predictors of good menstrual hygiene practice. Conclusion: MHM knowledge was moderate, but not consistently translated into safe practice due to infrastructural and financial constraints. It is recommended that the Kwara State Ministry of Education incorporate menstrual health education into the school curriculum and provide access to proper WASH facilities and affordable sanitary products in all public secondary schools.
Mechelle Mea H. Josol, Riza Beltran-Salipong, PhD
The research conducted a study to assess the effect of coping mechanisms on teacher performance and whether coping mechanisms serve as mediators in relation to teachers’ mental health challenges in the district of Calape. The researcher used surveys and the Individual Performance Commitment and Review Form (IPCRF) to evaluate teachers’ mental health status and performance. The results indicated that most teachers in this study were afraid of how they will react to their past traumatic experiences. Although teachers have met their challenges through various coping strategies, the majority of them were able to cope with their issues. The highest ranked area of mental health from the Anti-Bullying Study was avoidance symptoms (Mean = 1.80, SD = 1.07) and the lowest score for cognitive and mood alterations (Mean = 1.29, SD = 1.12). For the area of Coping Strategies, the highest Mean is Problem Focused Coping (Mean = 3.25, SD = 0.65), while the lowest score is Avoidant Coping (Mean = 2.78, SD = 0.74). The performance rating of all participants was rated as Very Satisfactory (100% of teachers received this rating.) In addition, the results demonstrated that coping mechanisms do not mediate contentious between mental health challenges and teacher performance, since the mean indirect effect of coping mechanisms on mental health and teacher performance results is nonsignificant (estimate = 0.00205, p = 0.376) and therefore does not support the existence of a mediating relationship. Furthermore, the relationship between coping mechanisms and mental health challenges to teacher performance is nonsignificant, therefore, there are no significant conditions necessary to support a mediating relationship. Therefore, even though teachers may have an abundance of challenges and difficulties, they may have overcome them with the need for coping strategies. Teachers are truly amazing in how they handle challenges and maintain their composure when faced with challenging situations. Further based on the findings of this investigation, it is the recommendation of the researcher for continuous professional development, ongoing peer-consultation and teacher activities to help promote the mental health and wellness of teachers.
James L. Paglinawan, Roselyn U. Doletin
This qualitative study investigated the teaching challenges faced by Millennial teachers when teaching Generation Z learners at Banisilan High School, a rural public high school in Cotabato, Northern Mindanao. Through Google Forms questionnaires completed by 15 Millennial teachers in February 2026, the research identified key difficulties: students' short attention spans (typically 8-12 minutes), heavy technology dependence, strong preference for interactive lessons, and consistent need for guided emotional support. Teachers described clear differences between their traditional lecture-based methods and students' digital, fast-paced learning preferences. The findings highlighted practical teaching strategies that worked well, including short digital lessons (8-12 minutes), relatable real-life examples, clear step-by-step guidance, and consistent supportive feedback. Despite limited internet access in rural settings, these teachers showed strong ability to adapt using simple, effective, low-tech methods. Ultimately, the study offers clear, actionable recommendations for accessible digital tools, student-centered professional training, and collaborative team lesson planning to significantly improve classroom engagement in similar rural Philippine schools nationwide.
Al-Harath Ateik, Zayyanu Najeeb
This study investigates the effect of work pressure on employee withdrawal behaviors, with particular emphasis on the mediating role of perceived organizational support (POS). Drawing on a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected from 417 employees across diverse organizational settings. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), including descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and mediation analysis. The findings indicate that work pressure significantly increases withdrawal behaviors, including absenteeism, lateness, and turnover intentions. In contrast, job satisfaction, empowerment, and perceived organizational support significantly reduce these negative outcomes. Importantly, perceived organizational support was found to partially mediate the relationship between work pressure and withdrawal behaviors, highlighting its buffering role. These findings extend existing literature by demonstrating how organizational support mechanisms function as critical resources in mitigating the adverse effects of workplace stress. The study provides practical insights for organizations seeking to enhance employee well-being and reduce disengagement.
Aftab Khan, Amit KumarAhirwar, Atul kumar, Divya Patel, Farman Hussain, Iffat Hussain, Rishabh Tiwari
Drug discovery is a complex, time-consuming, and costly process that requires the identification and optimization of potential therapeutic compounds. In recent years, computational approaches such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation have significantly transformed modern drug design. These techniques, which fall under the domain of Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), provide efficient and cost-effective strategies for analyzing molecular interactions and predicting drug behavior.Molecular docking is widely used to predict the binding orientation and affinity of ligands toward target proteins, thereby facilitating the identification of promising lead compounds. On the other hand, molecular dynamics simulation provides detailed insights into the structural flexibility, stability, and dynamic behavior of biomolecular systems under physiological conditions. Additionally, structure-based and ligand-based drug design approaches further enhance the efficiency of identifying and optimizing drug candidates.The integration of molecular docking with MD simulation has emerged as a powerful strategy, combining the speed of docking with the accuracy of dynamic simulations. This combined approach improves the reliability of predicting protein-ligand interactions and reduces the need for extensive experimental validation. Overall, these computational tools play a crucial role in accelerating the drug discovery process, minimizing costs, and enhancing the success rate of developing effective therapeutic agents.
Akemu Andrew, O., Eghe Amenze Oyedoh, Obahiagbon Kessington
A renewable alternative to petroleum fuels is essential due to declining oil supplies. Bio-based diesel production from fruit peels and vegetable oil waste may reduce reliance on petroleum. Various materials, including oyster shells, rocky clay, and plantain peels, were identified as potential resources, used for developed bifunctional catalysts, utilized in heterogeneous catalyst transesterification. The catalyst's stability and characteristics were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). High surface area analysis through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and various adsorption isotherms indicated its effectiveness. The catalyst primarily consisted of calcite, along with minerals like muscovite, orthoclase, and quartz, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed metal-oxide bonding, C=C stretching, and hydroxyl groups. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy demonstrated that CaO constituted 66.194%, with K₂O and Al₂O₃ also present. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) highlighted the catalyst's shape and porosity, confirming its potential for serial reuse. The optimized heterogeneous catalyst transesterification of shea nut oil resulted in ideal conditions: 5 wt% catalyst loading, 65°C reaction temperature, 8:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 70-minute reaction time, and a biodiesel yield of 92.68%. Characterization showed that the produced biodiesel met key diesel fuel properties and conformed to ASTM D-675 standards. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis indicated that the biodiesel contained predominantly methyl esters, achieving 99.57% with minimal impurities, making heterogeneous catalyst transesterification a cost-effective and scalable method for biodiesel production.
Reyzamae Doblas Sagandilan
This study examined the effectiveness of Physics Education Technology (PhET) simulation-assisted instruction on students’ academic achievement and motivation in electromagnetism. A quasi-experimental quantitative design was employed involving second-year Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Science students, with one group exposed to PhET-integrated instruction and another taught using traditional methods. Academic achievement was measured through pretests and posttests, while motivation was assessed using a validated questionnaire covering intrinsic motivation, amotivation, extrinsic–career motivation, and social–extrinsic motivation. Results revealed that both groups initially demonstrated very low academic achievement, with most students classified under the failure category during the pretest. After the intervention, the PhET group exhibited a marked improvement, with all students attaining good to very good performance levels and no failures recorded. In contrast, although the non-PhET group showed some improvement, the majority of students remained at a satisfactory level. ANCOVA results indicated a statistically significant difference in posttest academic achievement between the two groups when pretest scores were controlled (p < 0.01), favoring the PhET simulation-assisted instruction. In terms of motivation, students in the PhET group demonstrated higher levels across all motivational dimensions compared to those in the non-PhET group. Overall motivation for the PhET group was interpreted as motivated, while the non-PhET group displayed lower motivational levels. Independent samples t-test results confirmed a statistically significant difference in overall motivation between the groups (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that integrating PhET simulations into physics instruction significantly enhances both conceptual understanding and student motivation in electromagnetism.
Ajay B. Kurhe, Anita J. Shinde
Early and accurate detection of plant leaf diseases plays a vital role in improving crop productivity and ensuring sustainable agriculture. This paper presents a deep learning-based framework for multi-class classification of banana leaf diseases using transfer learning. Initially, a baseline model based on ResNet50 is developed to evaluate standard performance. To enhance classification accuracy and computational efficiency, a transfer learning approach employing EfficientNetV2 is proposed. The pretrained EfficientNetV2-S model is fine-tuned by integrating a custom classification head comprising global average pooling, dropout, and fully connected layers. The proposed model is trained and validated on a dataset containing four classes of banana leaf images, namely Cordana, Healthy, Pestalotiopsis, and Sigatoka. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves an overall accuracy of 95%, along with high precision, recall, and F1-score across all classes. The confusion matrix and training curves further confirm the robustness, stability, and generalization capability of the model. Comparative analysis indicates that the proposed EfficientNetV2-S-based framework outperforms the baseline ResNet50 model while maintaining reduced computational complexity. To further evaluate practical applicability, the proposed model was tested on real-world banana leaf images captured under natural field conditions. The model achieved a detection accuracy of 76.19%, demonstrating its robustness and ability to generalize effectively beyond controlled datasets. The results show that the proposed framework provides an efficient and scalable solution for real-world plant disease detection in precision agriculture. Future work will focus on expanding dataset diversity and exploring advanced architectures to further improve classification performance.
Asha Munemo, Samkeliso Suku Dube, Tinahe Peswa Dube
This research focused on a machine learning technique ( XGBoost – Extreme Gradient boosting), Transformer models (all-MiniLM-L6-v2 a sentence embedding model developed by Microsoft) based system for proactive network monitoring, performing log analysis for real-time anomaly detection and pattern analysis for root cause evaluation. This was done in order to address the challenge of reacting to problems only after they occur which leads to business revenue loss and increased idle time for workers when business operations are disrupted. The system makes use of the online NLP (natural language processing) model specifically (OPENAI or Cohere), which are inferred for intelligent problem explanation and solution recommendation. The methodology used was CRISP-DM for Data Science and incremental software methodology. The system enables network administrators to identify emerging problems within the network and address them pro-actively through system provided recommendations and anomaly evaluation insights before full negative impact on business operations.
Dr. Aparnaa Upadhyaya DDS MPA BDS, Mary Grace Hilario
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysregulation and a high prevalence of oral and perioral manifestations that may complicate dental management. Although dental amalgam remains a safe and durable restorative material for the general population, its mercury content and immunomodulatory properties raise specific considerations in patients with underlying autoimmune disease. This case based manuscript examines the scientific and clinical rationale for removal of dental amalgam restorations in a patient with SLE, with particular emphasis on immune susceptibility, oral mucosal findings, and evidence derived from hypersensitivity and autoimmune literature. Current epidemiologic data do not support a causal relationship between dental amalgam exposure and the development of SLE; however, selected patients may exhibit heightened immune responsiveness or localized oral reactions that warrant individualized clinical intervention. By integrating existing evidence with common oral examination findings, this report provides a balanced, evidence based framework for clinicians considering amalgam removal as an adjunctive strategy in the dental management of patients with SLE.
Abdullahi Habibu Etsugaie, Adetona Oluwafunmilayo Esther, Aliyu Haruna Sani, Muhammad Tasalla Hauwa
Introduction: Monitoring glucose levels is crucial for effective management of diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder that remains a global health concern, implicating over 500 million people worldwide. The diagnosis of diabetes through blood is difficult in children, older adults, debilitated and chronically ill patients, so diagnosis by analysis of saliva can be potentially valuable as collection of saliva is noninvasive, easier and technically insensitive, unlike blood. The aim of the study was to correlate blood glucose level (BGL) and salivary glucose level (SGL) among individuals with normal fasting glucose (NFG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and provisional diabetes mellitus (PDM). Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 423 patients aged between 18 and 65 years, categorised as 141 impaired diabetics, 142 provisional diabetics and 140 healthy individuals constituting the controls. The blood and unstimulated saliva samples were collected from the patients for fasting glucose levels. These samples were then subjected for analysis of glucose in blood and saliva via the enzymatic Glucose Oxidase Peroxidase (GOD-POD) end-point method, using RT-9200 Semi-auto Chemistry Analyser. Results: The mean SGLs and BGLs were higher in provisional diabetics and impaired diabetics groups than in non-diabetic group (3.15:225.40 vs. 2.19:112.43 vs. 0.85:77.76 mg/dL; p-val=1.498852e-153), indicating a significant positive correlation between fasting saliva glucose and fasting blood glucose in all the groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, tests measuring salivary glucose levels provide a promising alternative to conventional blood glucose tests in the realm of diabetes management, making it a reliable indicator. While addressing technical and clinical challenges requires additional research, the appealing non-invasive nature and the potential for frequent monitoring make salivary glucose level tests an attractive option for enhancing diabetes care. Future advancements in salivary glucose sensing technologies may revolutionise glucose monitoring, improving the quality of life for individuals with diabetes.
Joan P. Bacarisas, Myvanwy S. Gide
This study aimed to assess the interrelationship among scheduling practices, absenteeism, and productivity of nurses in a Level II DOH-retained hospital in the Caraga Region. A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was utilized. A total of 205 nurses were selected using proportionate stratified sampling. Data were gathered using standardized and adapted instruments measuring scheduling practices, nurse productivity, and absenteeism. Statistical tools included mean, standard deviation, and Pearson r to determine relationships among variables. Findings revealed that scheduling practices were generally effective, while nurse productivity was high across all dimensions. Absenteeism was low, with nurses demonstrating strong commitment to attendance. A significant relationship was found between scheduling practices and nurse productivity. However, absenteeism did not show a significant relationship with productivity. The study concludes that effective scheduling practices contribute to sustained nurse productivity, while absenteeism alone may not directly influence performance. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening scheduling systems to support workforce efficiency. A Nurse Scheduling and Attendance–Productivity Enhancement Plan was proposed.
James L. Paglinawan, PhD, Jorbelyn M. Lo
This study explored the lived experiences of Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) graduates handling secondary subjects in the Alternative Learning System (ALS) in Valencia City, Bukidnon. Using a phenomenological research design, the study aimed to understand the motivations, challenges, coping mechanisms, and recommendations of these educators as they navigate teaching beyond their field of specialization. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with nine purposively selected ALS teachers and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed four major themes. First, altruistic commitment amidst systemic gaps highlights teachers’ strong sense of purpose to serve marginalized learners despite limited specialization. Second, the complexity of pedagogical displacement reflects the challenges of content mastery gaps, multi-level instruction, and experiences of impostor syndrome. Third, strategic resilience through self-directed development demonstrates how teachers utilize digital resources, contextualization, and adaptive strategies to address instructional difficulties. Lastly, advocacy for curricular reform and collaborative mentorship emphasizes the need for ALS-specific curriculum design, institutional support, and professional collaboration. The study underscores a significant mismatch between teacher preparation and the demands of ALS secondary instruction, pointing to the need for systemic interventions rather than reliance on individual teacher adaptability alone. It concludes that strengthening professional support systems, integrating foundational skills into secondary modules, and fostering collaborative networks are essential to improving instructional quality and sustaining ALS effectiveness. The findings offer valuable insights for educators, school administrators, curriculum developers, and policymakers in promoting inclusive and equitable education.
Afuye I.T, Olusola J.A
This study investigated the short term effect of magnesium sulphate on the compressive strength of superplasticized laterized concrete with a view to establishing its suitability for use in aggressive environment. It examined the effect of magnesium sulphate and varying Laterite contents with a constant water-cement ratio on the compressive strength of superplasticized laterized content. The percentage replacements of laterite as substitute in fine aggregate were varied in the increment of 0%, 20% and 30% respectively. All cubes were cast and cured in water for 7, 14, 28 days respectively. The cast superplasticized laterite concrete cube size is 100x100x100mm which were crushed using compression testing machine. During its preparation, Superplasticizer was added to improve workability. Part of the cubes were transferred to magnesium sulphate concentrate solution of 1% and 3% after 28days of curing in water for another 28 days making 56 days. It was observed that the concrete cube decreases in strength when exposed to varying percentages of magnesium sulphate concentrate solution. The study concluded that superplasticized laterized concrete is not suitable for use in magnesium sulphate concentrate environment.
Aquiline Kathambi
Square planar complexes of cobalt in any of its common oxidation states are rare and attempt to make them either yield tetrahedral or octahedral complexes. The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize tetrahedral or octahedral complexes of cobalt using selected chelating ligands such as 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) expected to have the same action as cis-platin used as anticancer drug. The reactions of CoCl2 with 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) were studied under different solvent conditions under inert conditions. Reaction of cobalt (II) chloride with Oxine in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent gave unexpected blue crystals of the tetrachloridocobaltate (II) complex [CoCl4]-[C9H7NOH]+ in which protonated oxine is the counter cation. The molecular structure of the complex [CoCl4]-[C9H7NOH]+ was confirmed using single crystal X-ray crystallography. It forms monoclinic crystals in the C2/c space group with respective unit cell parameters being= 90.00, = 91.0900, = 90.00; a = 15.1890(3), b = 7.99120(10), c = 16.6770(3). When the same reaction was carried out in water/ethanol mixture, a yellow non crystalline solid, [Co(oxine)2(H2O)2]Cl2 was obtained. These compounds were characterized by melting point determination, elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy
Joyce B. Marcojos, Riza B. Salipong, Phd
This study explored if teachers’ well-being can be a mediating variable towards the relationship between teachers’ workload and learners’ performance. Thus, one hundred nine (109) beginning teachers across the sub-congressional districts (Loon North, Loon South, Calape, Tubigon East and Tubigon West) had their workload (in terms of duties and obligations, energy expenditure and time demands), well-being (in terms of physical, mental, emotional, social and even with work-life balance) and learners’ performance have analyzed for the school year 2025-2026. With that, a correlational research design was used with a structured survey questionnaire. Further, the findings revealed that beginning teachers experienced an overall high level of workload with the mean of 2.75 and a standard deviation 0.72) across all aspects. Moreover, in terms of well-being, beginning teachers experienced an overall composite mean of 3.09 with a standard deviation of 0.62 which gained positive level across all aspects. Further, in terms of learners’ performances, 73 classes (67%) out of 109 (100%) got the very satisfactory level (85-89). This means, despite the challenges nor demands experienced by the beginning teachers, they can still be an effective teacher to their learners. Overall, the results of the Pearson correlation analysis revealed that beginning teachers’ workload shows there is a significant relationship to teachers’ well-being, and there is a significant total effect on learners’ performance. Thus, it is recommended that school administrators should implement structured workload management strategies, provide professional development programs, help teachers maintain their well-being, promote teamwork, implement interventions and improve institutional support systems.
Aibel O. Pelobueno, RN, Joan P. Bacarisas, DM, MAN, RN
This study explores the lived experiences of Emergency Department (ED) nurses in managing patient overcrowding within a public tertiary hospital in the Caraga Region. Utilizing a Husserlian descriptive phenomenological design, the research captures the essence of this phenomenon through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with eight purposively selected registered nurses, with data analyzed using Colaizzi’s systematic method. The findings revealed the following themes and subthemes: Overcrowding at its Finest (comprising Space is Limited, The Unending Arrival, and Prolonged ED Stay); Managing Overcrowding (comprising The Weight of the Shift and The Collective Shield); and Grace Under Pressure (comprising Decision-Making Under Stress and maintaining composure and meaning). Despite facing severe resource constraints and ethical dilemmas in prioritization, nurses demonstrate profound professional resilience by moving beyond mere task performance to establish meaningful human-to-human connections with patients and their families. Regarding the applicability of the study, while adaptive strategies and teamwork allow for functional care delivery, they also mask a hidden vulnerability within the workforce where professional duty often supersedes the nurse's own well-being.
Adaeze Ucheokoro, Chidera G. Nwadike, Ebenezer C. Nwogu, Eberechi Okolie, Emmanuel Menson, Ozadheoghene E. Afieroho, Philip E. Iche, Sunday O. Abali, Victoria C. Obinna
This study focused on evaluating the potentials of two variants of water soluble polyherbal nutraceutical products containing Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter leaf) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Zobo calyces) in mitigating the toxicity due to dexamethasone a widely used synthetic corticosteroid associated with adverse effects, including hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress among others. The two polyherbal products variants: POWSG-D-(10% w/w bitter leaf decoction and 10% w/w Zobo decoction extract), and POWSG-C-10% w/w bitter leaf cold maceration extract and 10% w/w Zobo decoction extract) were used in this study. Phytochemical analysis and physico-chemical parameters (residue on drying, total ash and loss on drying) were done following standard methods as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for herbal product. In vitro antioxidant assay was done using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) spectrophotometric method. Effect on glycemic index (fasting blood sugar) was done in vivo in sub-acute dexamethasone treated mice. phytochemical analyses confirmed the presence of phenolics with the UV-Visible spectra showing corroborating characteristic absorption peaks at 198-202 nm and 273–275 nm, evidence for phenolics. Quality assessments demonstrated good granule flow properties, with cold maceration granules exhibiting superior compressibility. Antioxidant activity was moderate, with IC50 values of 500 µg/mL and 800 µg/mL for POWSG-C and POWSG-D respectively, compared to Vitamin C (IC50: 9 µg/mL). From the result of the bioassay, the high dose (800 mg/kg body weight) decoction successfully mitigated hyperglycemia on the sub-acute dexamethasone induced mice with 1.75mMol/L and 1.80mMol/L on day 18 and 25 respectively compared to the other group of animals. These findings highlight the potential of this polyherbal formulation as a cost-effective, accessible nutraceutical for the treatment of hyperglycemia especially for immuno-compromised subjects undergoing corticosteroid regimen, and for general health and wellbeing with further optimization recommended to enhance efficacy and antioxidant activity.
Flowery Francis, Jeena Joseph
In this paper, we came up with the Gaussian-Enhanced Rayleigh Distribution (GERD), a mix of Rayleigh and Gaussian parts, to see if it could do a better job with wind speed data. For testing, we used monthly records from Tokyo between 2000 and 2020. We compared GERD with the Weibull and Rayleigh models, looking at how they fit the data, their statistical measures, some simulations, and what they mean for power output. The Weibull model turned out strongest for extreme wind speeds and gave the highest power values. Rayleigh came out too low. GERD sat between the two, less extreme than Weibull but more realistic than Rayleigh, which makes it a practical option for wind energy studies.
Joana M. Sumalinog
This study examined the relationship between Senior High School (SHS) welding competencies, differentiated instruction, and the academic performance of college welding students at Cebu Technological University–Main Campus enrolled in the Bachelor of Technical-Vocational Teacher Education (BTVTED) major in Welding and Fabrication Technology during the academic year 2025–2026. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, and data were collected from 46 respondents using a structured questionnaire that assessed SHS welding competencies in terms of academic preparedness, practical skills, and technical knowledge, as well as students’ perceptions of differentiated instruction in terms of content, process, and product. Academic performance was measured using self-reported grades. The findings revealed that respondents demonstrated a moderate level of SHS welding competencies, indicating the presence of foundational skills but insufficient preparation for college-level demands. In contrast, differentiated instruction practices were perceived to be highly evident, reflecting the use of varied teaching strategies to address diverse learner needs in technical-vocational education. Statistical analysis showed a significant moderate positive relationship between SHS welding competencies and differentiated instruction. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between SHS welding competencies and academic performance, nor between differentiated instruction and academic performance. These findings suggest that while prior competencies influence students’ engagement with instructional strategies, academic performance may be affected by other factors beyond SHS preparation and teaching approaches. The study recommends strengthening bridging programs, enhancing hands-on training, improving assessment practices, and sustaining differentiated instruction to better support student learning outcomes.
Swapan Samanta, Tarapada Manna
Plants are well known to possess internal biological clocks that regulate daily cycles of growth, water uptake, and gas exchange. What has received far less attention is what happens when cultivated plants become accustomed to the fixed, human-imposed schedules that define modern agriculture and horticulture—and what happens when those schedules are disrupted. This paper reports findings from a 40-year field study (1985–2025) tracking 1,247 individual plants across 68 species, ranging in lifespan from 45-day radishes to long-lived banyan trees estimated to survive several centuries. Plants maintained under consistent daily or weekly care routines for more than 60 days developed recognisable anticipatory behaviour: stomata opened before scheduled irrigation arrived, hydraulic pressure in stems rose ahead of watering events, and metabolic processes were primed in advance of expected inputs. When these routines were abruptly changed—even while water volume and nutrients remained unchanged—physiological stress followed in the majority of observed plants. Among fast-growing herbs, 79% showed measurable decline within approximately two weeks; among seasonal crops, 68% within three weeks; among short-lived perennials, 61% within four weeks. Across the full dataset, the maximum tolerable timing deviation (ΔTcrit) before physiological decline appeared to scale with species characteristic lifespan (L) according to the empirical relationship ΔTcrit ≈ 0.019 × L0.98 (R² = 0.82, p < 0.001, n = 68), a pattern we term the Temporal–Lifespan Scaling Law. This held across all growth forms, photosynthetic pathways, and taxonomic families in the dataset. Crops such as tomato and chilli that are routinely harvested early showed timing tolerances consistent with their full evolutionary lifespan rather than their cultivation period, suggesting that temporal sensitivity reflects developmental programming. These findings point to temporal predictability as a meaningful and underappreciated dimension of plant physiological stability under cultivation. The practical implications span irrigation scheduling, transplantation protocols, urban forestry, climate vulnerability assessment, and plant breeding. We propose that this body of phenomena warrants a dedicated research focus, which we call chronoecology: the systematic study of how plants internalise, anticipate, and depend upon temporal structure in their environments.
Dr. Yogita Shrimali, Nikita Solanki
The present article presents timing and pulse profile study of high-mass X-ray binary Vela X-1 using the observation of the RXTE/PCA in 2008. Vela X-1 is a high-mass X-ray binary system, which is a wind-accreting system and is composed of a neutron star and a giant supergiant companion. The periodic pulsations and high variability of the system are due to accretion of the stellar wind of the companion star. RXTE/PCA data was also analyzed by timing analysis to estimate the pulse period of the source. The optimal pulse period was adjective based on the light curve data with the help of the efsearch task. Pulse profiles were also constructed by deriving the light curves of the various levels and folding them with the pulse period calculated. To examine variations in pulse structure with energy, pulse profiles were formulated as energy dependent profiles in several energy bands. In addition, long-term variability of the source was also studied depended on the data of ASM light curve. The measurements indicate that there are considerable differences in pulse profile morphologies across the different energy bands. Multi-peaked and complex structures were found to be more complex at lower energy and simple at high energy. These changes could have changed accretion processes and geometry of emission of the Vela X-1 system. The article sheds light on the behavior of emission as well as the process of accretion of high-mass X-ray binary systems.
Isimaronkhae, J. E.
The study area, Igarra which is North-West of Edo State, Nigeria, is underlain in the North by Precambrian Basement Complex and in the South by Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments. The ground magnetic study of the area was carried out. The investigation was aimed at studying the total components (i.e. the horizontal magnetic intensities and horizontal magnetic gradients) of the various rock components found in the study area; study the ground magnetic properties of the underlying rocks, delineate the geological structures of the study area, delineate the different rock contacts and geological boundaries that are useful in mapping the basement structures of the area, and determine the depth to magnetic basement. The ground magnetic investigations were conducted on foot using GSM 19T Proton Precision Magnetometer and Garmin Global Positioning System (GPS). Three profiles and measurements were taken in order to know the type of minerals found in the area. Closely spaced stations of 20 m interval were adopted for the magnetic survey to allow high resolution of near surface structures. The magnetic data were analysed using Grapher 11. The study area indicated locations of negative relative magnetic intensity, which suggest regions of no magnetization. It is where magnetic sediments, rocks and minerals are not present. It could be deduced from the study, that parts of the basement terrain is accumulated with mostly granite and quartz due the relative magnetic susceptibility generated from the study area. The nature of the anomalies in this part of the study area suggests that the rocks may be bounded and offset by faults. Although the results provide valuable insights into the subsurface geology, the interpretation of magnetic data is inherently non-unique and primarily reflects shallow subsurface conditions. Therefore, the integration of additional geophysical methods is recommended for more detailed characterization.
Adebimpe, A. T, Ajala, A. O., Famuwagun, O. S., Ogunjimi, S.I., Omah I. F.
Traditional Medicine organically evolved from the quest of indigenous people globally: to maintain a healthy life, prevent diseases, prolong life, diagnose and resolve disease conditions in culturally accepted manner. This practice continues to play a prominent role despite swift civilization and increment of more researched and formulated Orthodox Medicines in Nigeria health care delivery system. This is due to the failure of Orthodox Medicine to meet the basic health problems of the poorest and the most vulnerable population in rural part of Nigeria. Hence the need for a health system that is holistic in function and practice on both Orthodox Medicine and Traditional Medicine. This paper presented a systematic and comparative review of Orthodox Medicine and Traditional Medicine. Their peculiar roles in rural health service delivery were highlighted. The exceptional usefulness of Orthodox Medicine in acute cases requiring urgent and intensive care were mentioned. It identified that the dearth of resources, inadequate and decaying infrastructure, and inequality in resource distribution, workers strikes and excessive levels of health worker migration–rural to urban/abroad have led to a deplorable Orthodox Medicine system in Nigeria. Traditional Medicine characteristics such as -availability, accessibility, affordability and effectiveness made it an indispensable health care delivery for rural dwellers, coupled with being a good source of foreign investment, socio-economic development and national prosperity. The paper concluded that it becomes imperative to infuse Traditional Medicine into Orthodox Medicine to bridge deficiencies and produce a health care system that will ensure safe health for all. It is recommend that Traditional Medicine should be officially recognized, tolerated and integrated into Nigeria’s orthodox health policy to meet the needs of both rural and urban population.
Jessica L. Jimenez, Riza B. Salipong
This study examined the relationship between transformational leadership, teachers’ organizational commitment, and teaching performance in selected schools in the Schools Division of Bohol using survey questionnaires and official IPCR ratings. Findings revealed that school heads are perceived as highly transformational (mean = 3.67, SD = 0.58), with Inspirational Motivation as the highest dimension (mean = 3.71, SD = 0.56), followed by Idealized Influence (mean = 3.70, SD = 0.58), Management by Exception (mean = 3.65, SD = 0.59), and Individualized Consideration (mean = 3.62, SD = 0.59). Teachers obtained a high level of organizational commitment (mean = 3.18, SD = 0.69), led by Affective Commitment (mean = 3.26, SD = 0.66), followed by Continuance Commitment (mean = 3.21, SD = 0.67) and General Commitment (mean = 3.05, SD = 0.73). Most teachers were rated Very Satisfactory (92.33%), with a few rated Outstanding (6.67%). Mediation analysis showed that organizational commitment does not significantly mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and teaching performance (p = 0.409), while transformational leadership has a significant direct effect (p = 0.012) and a significant total effect (p = 0.003). A weak but significant positive relationship was found between transformational leadership and teaching performance (r = 0.25, p = 0.006). The study recommends that school heads further strengthen recognition practices, feedback mechanisms, and supportive leadership behaviors through the implementation of an action plan that focused on strengthening transformational leadership to enhance teachers’ commitment and performance; teachers should sustain active engagement and collaboration to maintain commitment and performance; school administrators and the Schools Division Office should enhance leadership and instructional capacity-building programs; and future researchers should explore additional mediating variables and expand the study scope to other divisions to further strengthen and validate the findings.