Costs and Returns of Snail Production in Ughelli North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examines the costs and returns of snail production in Ughelli North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of this research are to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of snail farmers, estimate costs and returns of snail production, determine profit of snail farmers and identifying the major constraints in snail production. A sample of 84 snail farmers was selected using a random sampling procedure from six communities within the area. Data collection involved structured questionnaires administered to the respondents with the analysis performed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that the majority of snail farmers (33.3%) are aged 36-45 years, predominantly male (54.8%) and married (69%). The enterprise was found to be highly profitable, with a total revenue of ₦5,449,350, total cost of ₦2,888,780, and a net income of ₦2,560,570 per production cycle. The gross margin was calculated at ₦2,973,070. The double log form was chosen as the lead equation on the basis of the highest value of R² more significant coefficients. The coefficients of multiple (R²) value of 0.5863 indicates that 58% of the variation in the dependent variable were explained by the independent variable included in the regression. Regression analysis identified farm size, education, farming experience, monthly income, and marital status as significant positive determinants of profitability Key constraints identified include high cost of feed, lack of access to veterinary services, poor access to credit facilities, inadequate technical knowledge with mean values indicating these issues as significant barriers to profitability. The study concludes that snail farming is profitable and can significantly influence snail production and contribute to income generation, food security, job creation and poverty reduction if effectively harnessed. Recommendations include providing extension services for farmers, ensuring access to credit facilities and reduction in the cost of feed.