199 Articles
Dr. K. Muhammed Noufal, Dr. P.P. Shareena
Green Human Resources Management (GHRM) means a kind of activities that motivate the habit of ecofriendly behavior of all the members in the organization with a view to protect our nation and develop an organization which is natural friendly, preserving natural resources and also discharging their corporate socially responsibility. The aim is to achieve the objectives of our organization along with the development of society and environment. The intention behind the concept green HRM is to create a sense of awareness among employees regarding how to conduct business without damaging the environment. If an institution practice green HRM it will imply that they discharge their corporate social responsibility. The main aim behind this is to minimize environmental degradation. Nowadays this study was very relevant because without adopting green HRM practices the next generation will not survive in this world. Higher Educational Institution has great role for molding college students in a socially responsible manner. After this study we will get an idea regarding the positive and negative impact of adopting green HRM practices in higher educational institutions.
Amith Krishna, Amrutha P, Anagha NS, R.Mageswari, Shebin Roshan, Shine Thomas, Swathi P
Substance abuse continues to be a growing global concern, underscoring the need for early identification and effective intervention, particularly within the Indian context. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a behavioural intervention bundle on substance refusal skills among college students in the Kozhikode district. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–post-test design was adopted, involving 80 students aged 18–26 years selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Drug and Alcohol Refusal Self-Efficacy Scale (DASES). Before the intervention, 71.25% of participants demonstrated moderate refusal skills, while 28.75% exhibited low skills; none reported high refusal skills. Following the intervention, 13.75% showed high refusal skills, 73.75% moderate skills, and 12.5% low skills. A significant improvement was observed in refusal skills (mean difference = 9.76, p < 0.05). A significant association was found between prior information on substance use and refusal skills, whereas no association was noted with other demographic variables. The findings indicate that the behavioural intervention bundle was effective in enhancing substance refusal skills among college students.
Dr. Shreshth Bhatnagar
The Indian judiciary, revered as the guardian of constitutional values, often exercises wide discretionary powers, particularly within the higher judiciary. While judicial discretion is essential for interpreting statutes and delivering equitable justice, its unchecked use poses significant risks. This paper explores the nuanced boundaries of judicial discretion in India's higher judiciary and investigates the potential for its abuse. Drawing from landmark judgments, constitutional provisions, and recent instances of perceived overreach, the study critically analyzes the balance between judicial independence and accountability. It highlights how subjective interpretations, selective activism, and lack of institutional oversight can sometimes lead to inconsistent or biased rulings. Moreover, the research delves into the implications of such discretion on democratic processes, public trust, and separation of powers. By comparing judicial frameworks in other democracies and examining recommendations from legal scholars and commissions, this paper proposes the need for structured guidelines to ensure responsible exercise of discretion. Ultimately, the paper argues for a reimagined judicial accountability mechanism that maintains the integrity of the bench while curbing excesses. In doing so, it seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on legal reform, transparency, and the evolving role of the judiciary in India’s democratic fabric.
Md. Taufiqur Rahman
It is thought that firms in the twenty-first century who do not adapt to the present technology revolution are more likely to experience a decline in their development. Industries all across the world have come to understand how important smart technology is to achieving ongoing growth and profitability. The globe has undergone significant changes and advancements in the previous ten years related to digitization. Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Service Automation are just a few of the smart technologies that have emerged as a result of the evolution and development of digitalization. These technologies have led the way to higher productivity, greater economy, greater efficiency, improved safety, and greater convenience. Understanding how customers feel about the adoption of artificial intelligence, robotics, and service automation in the hotel business is crucial at this point. The extended AIDUA Model was used in this study to survey the guests who will be using Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Service Automation services in the hotels to learn how they would and would not like to see in terms of the adoption of these technologies in hotel services of Bangladesh. The study concentrated on different smart technology methods that are applied globally in the hotel business. In a broader sense, automation might be seen as a physical replacement for human workers.
Dr. P.C. Mangal, Dr. Punita Sharma, Dr. Shubha Kaushal
Background Ayurveda defines Nidra as a physiological state of rest that rejuvenates the Sharira, Mana and Indriya. Nidra plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health, preventing major diseases, and ensuring both physical and mental well-being. Insufficient sleep is associated with the development of various clinical disorders. . In the contemporary era, where lifestyle disorders are on the rise, Nidra stands as a fundamental aspect of health that requires thorough examination. Aim This is a review article to emphasize the concept of Nidra and its physiological impact with different Dehik Prakriti. Materials and Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted using available Ayurvedic texts and relevant scholarly articles related to Nidra and sleep. Conclusion Various Ayurvedic Samhitas highlight that individuals with different Dehik Prakriti exhibit distinct sleep patterns. Those with Kapha Prakriti are reported to have deep and restorative sleep, whereas individuals with Vata and Pitta Prakriti experience comparatively lighter and reduced sleep. Clinical Significance Ayurveda considers Nidra as one of the three fundamental pillars of life (Trayopastambha). Classical texts provide an extensive understanding of Nidra, detailing its classification and physiological implications. Sleep is not merely a passive state but a critical physiological process with a profound impact on overall health. Understanding Nidra and its variations according to Prakriti is essential for early diagnosis and management of sleep disorders, thereby contributing to holistic healthcare.
Abhishek Ramesh koli, Miss. Amruta Sunil Gaikwad, Miss. Rutika Dhannajay Harshad, Shailesh Mahesh Ganbawale, Sushant Shailesh Savale, Vighnesh Rahul Shimpi
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and Shilajit are widely recognized Rasayana (rejuvenating) substances in Ayurveda, known for their adaptogenic, antioxidant, and cytoprotective properties. Oxidative stress plays a major role in chronic diseases, and natural antioxidants from traditional medicinal systems have gained significant interest. The present study aimed to extract bioactive compounds from Ashwagandha roots and Shilajit resin using Soxhlet-assisted ethanolic extraction and evaluate their phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity. Qualitative screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides in both extracts. Quantitative estimations confirmed that both extracts contained considerable levels of total phenolics and flavonoids. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and DMPD radical scavenging assays. Both extracts demonstrated dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity with significant inhibition percentages, indicating strong antioxidant potential. These findings support the traditional use of Ashwagandha and Shilajit as potent natural antioxidants and justify their application in stress management, anti-aging formulations, and oxidative-damage-related disorders.
Balaji Gandhi, Navjyoti Gupta, Ragul J
Backgroud: Athletes of all ages and skill levels use running as a popular form of exercise all over the world. The calf muscle complex is primarily responsible for propulsion during running gait. The gastrocnemius appears to be vulnerable to injury because of the strong stresses generated in this muscle during the push-off phase of running. According to reports, up to 30% of running-related injuries occur in the calf muscle region each year. Furthermore, lower leg soreness, gastrocnemius pain or strain, calf pain, calf spasm, and Achilles tendon injuries have all been reported as symptoms of calf injuries. Aims Of The Study: Aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of MET and Dynamic Stretching on calf muscle group for speed and physical endurance on healthy sprint runners in school level Methods: Thirty-two subjects were divided into two groups. Group-A received Muscle energy technique (n=16) and Group-B trained with Dynamic stretching (n=16). Both groups received training of 5 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Outcomes were assessed by Bruce treadmill test and 40-yard sprint test before and after treatment. Results: The study shows statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in both groups for all the outcomes. After 6 weeks of training period, the group trained with muscle energy technique scored significantly higher in improving the endurance and speed than the group trained with dynamic stretching when the pre & post test values of Bruce treadmill Test and 40 yard sprint test were statistically analyzed using an independent ‘t’ test. Conclusions: Muscle energy technique was found to be much effective in improving the endurance and speed of sprint runners with improving flexibility of calf muscles than dynamic stretching technique.
G Balaji, Ragul J
Background: Athletes of all ages and skill levels use running as a popular form of exercise all over the world. The calf muscle complex is primarily responsible for propulsion during running gait. The gastrocnemius appears to be vulnerable to injury because of the strong stresses generated in this muscle during the push-off phase of running. According to reports, up to 30% of running-related injuries occur in the calf muscle region each year. Furthermore, lower leg soreness, gastrocnemius pain or strain, calf pain, calf spasm, and Achilles tendon injuries have all been reported as symptoms of calf injuries. Aims Of The Study: Aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of MET and Dynamic Stretching on calf muscle group for speed and physical endurance on healthy sprint runners in school level Methods: Thirty-two subjects were divided into two groups. Group-A received Muscle energy technique (n=16) and Group-B trained with Dynamic stretching (n=16). Both groups received training of 5 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Outcomes were assessed by Bruce treadmill test and 40-yard sprint test before and after treatment. Results: The study shows statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in both groups for all the outcomes. After 6 weeks of training period, the group trained with muscle energy technique scored significantly higher in improving the endurance and speed than the group trained with dynamic stretching when the pre &post test values of Bruce treadmill Test and 40 yard sprint test were statistically analyzed using an independent ‘t’ test. Conclusions: Muscle energy technique was found to be much effective in improving the endurance and speed of sprint runners with improving flexibility of calf muscles than dynamic stretching technique.
Dr. Ajay Bhardwaj, Dr. Arunesh Parashar, Dr. Ashish Kumar
Work–life balance has emerged as a critical concern in the tourism and hospitality industry due to long working hours, customer-centric operations, and emotional demands. Spirituality and Indian knowledge traditions offer a holistic framework for addressing these challenges. This descriptive study explores how the integration of spirituality and Indian philosophical principles can enhance employee well-being, organizational commitment, and retention within the tourism and hospitality sector. Drawing upon sources such as the Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads, Yoga Sutras, and teachings of Pt. Shriram Sharma Acharya, the study develops a conceptual model linking spiritual values and management strategies to sustainable work–life balance. Findings indicate that incorporating selfless action (Nishkam Karma), yoga, meditation, and holistic management practices can strengthen employees’ psychological resilience and organizational harmony.
Ms. E. Honey, M. Pharmacy, Shaik. Athavulla
A revolutionary change in contemporary healthcare is represented by the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into personalized treatment. Utilizing a patient's genetic, molecular, and clinical characteristics, personalized medicine customizes treatments and diagnostics to maximize benefits and reduce side effects. By making it possible to analyse complicated datasets, such as those from genomes, proteomics, medical imaging, and electronic health records, AI technologies improve this paradigm by identifying biomarkers, forecasting treatment outcomes, and directing precision drug delivery. The creation of predictive, preventive, individualized, and participative healthcare models is encouraged by this synergy. At the same time, new developments in pharmacology keep redefining treatment strategies for a variety of illnesses. Drug development innovations for diseases like Parkinson's disease, anxiety, cardiovascular disease, cystic fibrosis, gastrointestinal problems, and urinary tract infections concentrate on focusing on certain neurotransmitter systems and molecular pathways.
Md. Isphakul Haque
Arabic and Persian languages have interacted closely throughout history because of the ongoing communication between the Arab and Iranian peoples, and as a result, the two languages impact has produced works that moved from one to the other, something that might not be observed in any other pair of languages. Iranian civilization and Persian language, while accepting Arabic, did not give up at once and established a two-way interaction with it from the very beginning, in contrast to civilizations like Egyptian civilization, which forgot its previous language in front of Arabic and Islamic civilization. Numerous words have been borrowed between these two languages. The majority of legal, religious, and jurisprudential terminology in Persian is borrowed from Arabic. However, the Arabic language has also borrowed many words in a muddled form and some words in an intact form from Persian. The purpose of this article is to analyze and highlight various characteristics of the Arabic language's influence on Persian. However, the majority of research and studies have acknowledged or exaggerated the Arabic language's influence on Persian; this article explores the actual boundaries of this reciprocal influence.
Mahmoud Sheikh-Mohammed Satte
Objectives: The purpose of this review was to perform a search that noted where the superior thyroid artery (STA) originated. Methods: The indexing databases PubMed and Google Scholar were used for the literature search and the articles that evaluated the origin site of the STA were included. Results: Seventy-one studies were analyzed, yielding a total of 6837 samples. Our findings revealed that STA commonly originated from the external carotid artery (58.17%), followed by carotid bifurcation (23.50%), common carotid (15.83%), and internal carotid (0.04%), lingual (0.01%), occipital (0.01%) and ascending pharyngeal (0.01%) arteries. It arises as a shared trunk (arising from external, internal or common carotid or carotid bifurcation arteries) with other arteries including thyro-lingual (1.45%), thyro-linguo-facial (0.54%), thyro-occipital(0.01%), thyro-linguo-laryngeal (0.01%), and thyro-hyo-laryngo-cricothyro-sternocleidomastoid (0.01%) trunks or absent (0.38%). Conclusion: We created a novel, simple classification based on our outcome. Attention to this anatomical variation is critical for surgeons and radiologists to achieve preferable anterior neck operations.
Atangambuyu Sinyani Silungwe, Christopher Kabwe Mukuka
This study investigates the relationship between academic stress and substance use within Zambian Christian universities, with specific attention to implications for integrated pastoral–psychological care. Faith-based institutions emphasize spiritual formation, but little evidence shows how academic stress affects alcohol and marijuana use. This mixed-methods study examined student substance use patterns and institutional mental health responses across three Christian universities in Zambia: Rusangu University, Eden University, and DMI–St Eugene University.
Angga Anggasmara Putra, Aristanti Widyaningsih, Denny Andriana
Activity-Based Costing (ABC) represents a critical management accounting innovation for enhancing cost allocation accuracy and supporting organizational strategic decision-making. Despite substantial theoretical advantages and documented practical benefits, significant implementation-effectiveness gaps persist, with 40-60% of ABC implementations failing to achieve intended outcomes or being abandoned within three years. Objectives and Methods: This hybrid systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis employed PRISMA-guided procedures to comprehensively synthesize global ABC research (1973-2024). From an initial pool of 3,904 Scopus publications, 49 high-quality open-access journal articles met rigorous inclusion criteria. Qualitative synthesis and quantitative bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix provided complementary analytical perspectives. The review explicitly acknowledges that reliance on open-access articles may exclude high-impact research from subscription-based premium journals and multinational corporations, potentially underrepresenting Western-centric scholarship. Results: ABC continues as a dynamic research domain with sustained upward publication trajectory, particularly since 2010, demonstrating robust academic interest and future relevance. Analysis identifies five distinct research clusters: traditional ABC applications (36.7%), implementation barriers (30.6%), technology integration (24.5%), sector-specific applications (28.6%), and sustainability integration (12.2%). Implementation outcomes prove heterogeneous: 53% report substantial benefits, 37% mixed outcomes, and 16% document failures, confirming ABC effectiveness is context-dependent. Geographic analysis reveals pronounced Western concentration (81.6%), while emerging markets remain substantially underrepresented. Methodological analysis reveals case study dominance (71.4%) with significant longitudinal investigation gaps (4.1%). Critical research gaps emerge in technology integration: minimal representation of artificial intelligence (1 occurrence), Internet of Things (2 occurrences), and Industry 4.0 keywords despite their strategic organizational significance. Conclusions: ABC stands as a dynamic, evolving domain with demonstrated theoretical validity and practical utility. Priority future research includes longitudinal studies, comparative international research addressing geographic gaps, systematic investigation of technology integration pathways particularly in Industry 4.0 environments, and sectoral expansion toward emerging digital business models. Organizations should implement contingency-based frameworks acknowledging context-dependency of ABC effectiveness.
Bala Balaguru, Danesh Khazaei, Faryar Etesami, Hadi Khazaei, Kaneez Abbas, Majd Oteibi
Conventional ophthalmic ultrasonography is a cornerstone in ocular diagnostics, providing essential structural and functional insights into the eye and orbit. Traditional techniques such as brightness mode (B-mode) and amplitude mode (A-mode) imaging have enabled clinicians to evaluate ocular and orbital morphology and characterize diverse pathological entities. However, the inherently two-dimensional (2D) nature of these techniques limits spatial comprehension in a fundamentally three-dimensional (3D) anatomic environment. This limitation often results in partial data interpretation and potential diagnostic inaccuracies. Recent advancements—including 3D ultrasound reconstruction, photoacoustic tomography, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, and thermo-imaging—have revolutionized the visualization of ocular structures. These innovations promise enhanced spatial resolution, quantitative vascular assessment, and improved detection of subtle pathological changes, thereby defining a new era in ophthalmic and orbital imaging.
Arpita Pal, Ratan Pramanick, Srijita Sarkar
Aesthetic dimensions of teacher education are frequently marginalized in favor of curriculum delivery and assessment, despite substantial evidence that learning environments significantly influence emotion, cognition, and professional identity. While existing research has examined learning environments and affective processes largely as separate domains, few conceptual frameworks theorize their systematic integration within teacher education. Addressing this gap, this conceptual paper advances the notion of aesthetic pedagogy as emotional architecture, proposing it as a unifying construct that explains how designed learning environments function as affective, cognitive, and identity-shaping structures in Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) classrooms. Drawing on environmental psychology (Evans, 2006; Barrett et al., 2015), aesthetic education (Eisner, 2002; Greene, 1995), sociocultural theory (Vygotsky, 1978), affective neuroscience (Immordino-Yang & Damasio, 2007), and teacher identity research (Beauchamp & Thomas, 2009), the paper develops a five-dimensional conceptual framework comprising spatial aesthetics, visual culture, multimodal creative practice, emotional climate, and professional identity formation. The framework theorizes emotional climate as a mediating mechanism linking aesthetic design and pedagogical practice to the formation of professional dispositions. By conceptualizing aesthetic pedagogy as a foundational emotional infrastructure rather than a decorative enhancement, the paper contributes a theoretically generative model for understanding how teacher education environments sustain emotion, meaning-making, and identity development. Implications are discussed for curriculum design, institutional policy, and future empirical research in teacher education.
Srijani Choudhury
This study looks at how next-generation business analytics powered by artificial intelligence (AI) are disrupting sustainability decision-making in the modern US economy. We investigate how AI technologies like machine learning, predictive analytics, and data mining enhance organizational efficiency, transparency, and long-term environmental/economic sustainability, drawing on the Sustainability Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The study employs mixed methodologies, integrating qualitative insights from technology, manufacturing, and financial firms with quantitative evidence from corporate sustainability reporting and financial performance data. While the qualitative results provide insight into emerging trends, implementation challenges, and management perceptions, the quantitative analysis shows how AI adoption is linked to various sustainability performance metrics. The results show that AI-enhanced analytics support ethical governance, resource efficiency, and strategic foresight, all of which lead to improved sustainability performance. However, the study draws attention to issues with algorithmic bias and data privacy, as well as the cost of integrating AI. The study offers a more encompassing perspective on the ethical deployment of AI for decision-making, which significantly adds to the body of knowledge on digital transformation and sustainable practices. It provides insightful guidance for researchers, policymakers, and corporate executives who want to strike that crucial balance between innovation, competitiveness, and sustainability for the US economy in the future.
Adepoju, Olufemi Adetunji Ph.D., Oyewale, Aderemi Oyetunde Ph.D
The study investigated the knowledge and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for academic exercises by undergraduates in Public and Private universities in Nigeria. The design for this study is survey, while a sample of 300 students were randomly selected through simple random sampling. A 20-item 4-point Likert scale instrument was used to collect data from the respondents. The instrument was validated through experts’ constructive criticisms and was found to be valid by content. Also, Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency of the items which yielded 0.81 index. The findings from the study revealed that there is no significant difference in the knowledge and usage of AI for academic exercises by male and female undergraduates and there is no significant difference in the knowledge and use of AI for academic exercises by undergraduates in public and private universities. Recommendation from the study include the need for universities and other tertiary institutions of learning to create more awareness on the use of AI tools and the teachers should task the students to use AI tools to carry out assignments and other academic activities.
Dr. D. Devi, Dr. Sam Israel. S, Dr. V. Jayanthi
The creation of a utopian society free of corruption and pollution that jeopardises our planet Earth is unveiled in genuine writer’s works. Amitav Ghosh is one such writer who voices his concern over climate change in his work, The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable. Ghosh's perspective calls for the collective responsibility of the government, people, and nations of the world to join in an interconnected effort to save the planet. In contemporary literature, the topic of non-human forces is extremely important and requires the utmost attention. Economic structures, particularly the carbon economy and capitalism, trigger the climate crisis. Decolonising the perspectives of Eurocentrism is the momentum towards de-escalating the climate crisis, which is the concern of writers. The negative impact of industrialisation and economic expansion is obvious in climate degradation, and the victims are people belonging to Asian countries. Identity issues precede global issues, of which the latter is to be carried out on a war footing. This paper attempts to underscore the genuine interest of the writer to unfold the causes of climate change, revoice, and call for the unified action of the artist and people to fight the problem of climate change by resolving individualistic differences for the betterment of the global community.
Chidimma Odira Okeke, Helen Enerunmone Ogheneyoma Lucent-Iwhiwhu
This study examined academics’ perceptions of talent management practices across higher educational institutions in Delta State, Nigeria. Guided by the objective of comparing perceptions in a federal university, a state polytechnic, and a state college of education, the study focused on four talent management dimensions: acquisition, development, retention, and succession planning. The population for the doctoral thesis from which this article is derived comprised 2,749 staff, with a Krejcie and Morgan formula sample of 349. For the present paper, a purposive subsample of 95 academics was drawn (Federal University 46; State Polytechnic, 31; State College of Education, 18). Data were collected through a structured questionnaire comprising Section A (biodata) and Section B (items structured on a 5-point Likert scale). Content validity was ensured through expert review in Human Resource Management and prior studies, while reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha, with all four constructs surpassing the 0.70 threshold. Descriptive statistics (percentages, means, and standard deviations) were applied, while inferential analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA at a 5% level of significance. Where significant differences occurred, Tukey post-hoc tests were performed. Findings revealed notable differences across institutions: the federal university reported stronger acquisition and retention practices, the state college of education excelled in succession planning, while the polytechnic lagged across most dimensions. Talent development showed no significant variation. The study concludes that institutional type and ownership shape talent management practices, recommends tailored improvements across institutions, and contributes comparative evidence to human resource management research in Nigeria’s higher education sector.
Hakkun Elmunsyah, Meyti Eka Apriyani
The Academic Information System (SIAKAD) is a crucial digital infrastructure used to support academic administration processes in higher education. As technology utilization increases in data management, concerns regarding digital ethics and student information security are becoming increasingly important. This research effort aims to evaluate students' awareness of digital ethics, data security practices, and their level of trust in SIAKAD security. The study used a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to students, with analysis including descriptive statistics, validity tests, and reliability tests to map behavioral trends. The results indicate that students have a high level of digital ethics awareness, but this is not fully reflected in their security behaviors. Risky habits are still common, particularly storing passwords in browsers, using shared devices without protection, and not logging out after accessing SIAKAD. Furthermore, students' level of trust in system security is relatively low, particularly related to concerns about internal access and potential academic data leaks. The study recommends improving digital security literacy education, implementing multi-factor authentication, transparency of privacy policies, and adding security features to strengthen data protection and increase student trust in SIAKAD.
Akshat Srivastava, Bhomika Ratna Mandavi, Debashish Padhy, Vijaya J
Aquatic ecosystems play a vital role in marine biodiversity and coastal protection, yet monitoring these habitats remains a significant challenge due to the scarcity of labeled data for training robust detection models. Traditional approaches often rely on extensive labeled datasets, which are costly and time-consuming to obtain, leading to a critical research gap in effective fish detection methodologies. This study introduces an innovative approach to fish detection by leveraging few-shot learning and pseudo-labeling techniques. We employ SimCLR, a contrastive learning framework, to pre-train a ResNet50-based encoder on unlabeled Deep Fish images, thereby extracting robust feature representations. These features are then utilized to train a Faster R-CNN object detection model using a limited set of labeled sea grass images. To further enhance the model’s performance, we incorporate pseudo-labeling, a semi-supervised learning technique that generates additional training data from unlabeled images based on a confidence threshold. Our methodology demonstrates significant improvements in fish detection accuracy. The final model achieves an average precision of 0.8167 and recall of 0.7967, outperforming other state-of-the-art models such as YOLOv5 and RetinaNet. These results highlight the effectiveness of combining few-shot learning with pseudo-labeling in addressing the challenge of limited labeled data, paving the way for more efficient and accurate marine ecosystem monitoring.
Adetunji Oludele Adebayo, Cynthia Udoka Duruemeruo, Nathaniel Akande, Olatunde Olasehan, Uju Judith Eziokwu
With financial markets becoming increasingly complex and volatile, traditional statistical and human-driven approaches are proving inadequate for capturing the nonlinear and dynamic nature of stock trading. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has therefore emerged as a transformative force, employing advanced algorithms and deep learning to identify hidden patterns, forecast prices, and inform trading decisions. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric survey of 9,088 scholarly works spanning 1971 to 2025, offering the most detailed review of AI applications in stock market trading to date. Using the SPAR-4-SLR framework and bibliometric tools such as Biblioshiny and VOS viewer, the study maps intellectual contributions, identifies key research clusters, and analyses collaboration networks across the field. The results reveal dominant methodologies including neural networks, long short-term memory (LSTM), reinforcement learning, and hybrid approaches, while also highlighting the growing importance of Explainable AI (XAI) and ESG-aligned frameworks. Contributions from East Asian institutions, particularly in China, stand out, although significant inputs from Europe and North America are also observed. Despite these advances, challenges persist in areas such as interpretability, real-time adaptability, and the integration of alternative data sources like sentiment analysis and satellite imagery. Future research directions emphasize the development of quantum AI, reinforcement learning-based adaptive systems, and ethical regulatory frameworks that ensure responsible innovation. By bridging theory and practice, this study provides an intellectual roadmap and practical recommendations for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. Overall, the findings underscore the urgency of advancing transparency, robustness, and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure AI-driven trading systems contribute to sustainable financial innovation and trustworthy decision-making.
Koyel Misra, Subhajit Mukherjee, Suparna Paul
Coal-fired thermal power plants in India generate large quantities of fly ash and bottom ash, creating significant environmental and operational challenges while also offering opportunities for resource recovery. This present manuscript presents a comprehensive overview of ash composition, mineral phases, and physicochemical characteristics, drawing on advanced analytical techniques such as XRD, XRF, SEM, particle-size analysis, and elemental mapping to illustrate the variability and complexity of fly ash generated across different combustion systems. The discussion highlights both the environmental risks associated with improper ash disposal—such as groundwater contamination, particulate pollution, and heavy-metal leaching—and the growing potential for transforming fly ash into value-added materials. Applications including zeolite synthesis, water-treatment adsorbents, supplementary cementitious materials, ceramics, alum production, and agricultural amendments are examined with support from recent literature. By synthesizing developments in characterization, utilization, and environmental assessment, the present manuscript emphasizes the need for integrated ash management strategies that align scientific understanding with sustainable industrial practices.
Carol. A. Tapfuma, Marlvin Takudzwa Phiri, Princess Mahara, Yvonne Chinyandura
Background: Sleep disturbances and neurocognitive impairments are prevalent comorbidities in individuals with epilepsy, significantly affecting their quality of life. Understanding the interplay between these factors is essential for developing effective management strategies. This study aims to explore the subjective experiences of individuals with epilepsy in Zimbabwe, focusing on how sleep disturbances and neurocognitive impairments influence their daily lives. Objectives: The specific objectives of this research are: To explore individuals’ knowledge and understanding of the epilepsy experience and its impact on quality of life. To explore the impact of sleep disturbances on the quality of life in individuals with epilepsy in Zimbabwe. To identify the presence and perceived impact of neurocognitive impairments in people with Epilepsy in Zimbabwe. To understand the health-seeking behaviors of people with epilepsy in Zimbabwe.
Parmaak, Justice Badam
Postnatal care plays an important role in promoting the health of women and children. Despite the enormous benefits, the uptake of postnatal care in developing countries is reported to be low, with increased maternal and child deaths during pregnancy and within the postnatal period. Maternal and child deaths within the postnatal period account for two-thirds of nursing mothers, and two-thirds of babies die within the first to the seventh day of life in the postnatal period. The study sought to assess the factors influencing utilization of postnatal services in Saboba District. From the study, the majority of the participants were between 20-29 years. Antenatal care utilization was found to be high (96.7%), and low second postnatal care services of 19.5% since over 60% of those who delivered in the health facilities would have received the first PNC service, which is given within the first 24 hours after delivery. Nursing mothers’ postnatal service utilization in the district was reported to be low (19.5%). Factors that predisposed mothers to the uptake of postnatal care were: mother age at first delivery, place of residence, whether living in urban or rural areas, place of recent delivery, either TBA or health facility, and cultural practices like performing a child naming ceremony were strong predictors in determining women's utilization of postnatal care services. MOH/GHS through the district health directorate should organize regular educational campaigns on PNC and other maternal and child services to educate expectant nursing mothers on postnatal care and as well as certain cultural practices that inhibit PNC practices among mothers. Definition of Terms Antenatal care- A Care given during pregnancy. Parity- The number of times a woman has given birth Postnatal care- This is care given to both mother and child immediately after childbirth for about six weeks. Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA) - refers to a lay person in the community who provides healthcare services during pregnancy and childbirth.
Joseph Bahian Abang
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the global shift toward Competency-Based Education (CBE) in preparing nursing students in the Philippines. Nursing education globally emphasizes core competencies like clinical reasoning and patient-centered care. Although the Philippine Commission on Higher Education (CHED) mandates these competency-based frameworks, a research gap exists in assessing their specific impact within the local healthcare context. A Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods Research Design was employed, combined with a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Approach, to examine the complex direct and indirect relationships between CBE factors and clinical performance outcomes. The conceptual framework positioned perceived challenges and barriers as crucial mediating variables affecting the translation of curriculum into clinical success. Participants included nursing students and faculty from selected Philippine nursing schools. Findings confirm that the CBE provides a necessary foundation, with students expressing confidence in applying theoretical knowledge and performing basic clinical tasks. However, the study reveals that perceived challenges significantly mediate and hinder clinical performance. Major barriers included high levels of emotional strain and stress management difficulty (30–35% reported struggle), difficulties with time management (30%), and feeling unprepared for specialized clinical tasks (25%). Students also struggled with complex clinical decision-making and interprofessional collaboration (30% reported difficulty). The study concludes that while CBE is vital, nursing programs must integrate enhanced simulation training, dedicated stress management, and improved instruction on decision-making. This refinement will better prepare graduates for the complex and diverse demands of real-world clinical practice in the Philippines.
Aka Oluebube Joy, Collins, Gospel Uchechukwu, Ebhojaye, Iregbeyanse Kennedy, Gwunireama, Israel Ukie, Horsfall, Teke Jemina
Stature refers to a person's height when standing upright. Estimating stature is crucial in the investigation of unidentified individuals during mass casualties and natural disasters. Foot anthropometry provides valuable predictive information regarding a person's height and weight. The study aimed to develop a regression model to estimate height and weight from foot length measurements of adult Nigerians from the Ikwerre ethnic group. For this study, 200 males and 200 female Ikwerre participants were randomly selected from ages 18-50 years, without foot deformities. Foot length (cm), weight (kg), and height were measured with a tape, scale, and a stadiometer, respectively. Data analysis using IBM SPSS 25 included descriptive (mean, standard deviation, error) and inferential tests (independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation, regression) at α = 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval, resulting in a regression model to estimate height and weight from foot length. The average height for males was 175.70 cm, while for females it was 164.05 cm. Males also had an average weight of 69.38 kg, compared to 64.44 kg for females. In terms of foot length, males measured an average of 28.09 cm, whereas females averaged 25.72 cm. There were statistically significant differences between males and females in all measured variables. Correlation analysis showed that height and foot length have a stronger positive relationship compared to the relationship between weight and foot length. Conclusively, the results indicate a noteworthy positive relationship between height and foot length, which is stronger than the relationship between weight and foot length. This suggests that foot length may serve as a more effective predictor of height compared to weight.
Bassey, Obasesam C., Mfah, Christian N., Obongha, Ukpali E.
Land use conformity with the master plan of any urban environment is critical as it encourages spatial segregation of activities leading to environmentally sustainable developments. This study assessed the difference between the existing land use patterns of Calabar Metropolis and the 1973 Calabar urban master plan. This was done by postulating a null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the existing land use patterns of Calabar Metropolis and the 1973 Calabar urban master plan. The study adopted a survey design method with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Qualitative approach involved a combination of interviews and questionnaire administration and weighted on the Likert Scale while quantitative approach used data obtained from map analysis on X1 and X2 variables depicting existing land use patterns and the 1973 Calabar urban Master plan. The One-Way ANOVA was applied in the test statistic and the result showed a significant relationship. This result pointed to the fact that there is no controlled development in Calabar Metropolis because the planning authority has been handicapped without facilities needed to function optimally. The study therefore, recommended for strengthening of the planning authority as well as urgent review of the master plan.
Ajayi Isaac Rotimi, Alao Olumuyiwa Ademola, Ilevbare Martins, Oluwatoki Tolani Grace
Imetos paranometer was used to measure rainfall precipitation, atmospheric temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, maximum and minimum dew points in the study area with geographical compass of Lat. 7.670N, Long. 5.310E. Data were recorded at every one hour from year 2013 to 2016. In addition, a Thermo-hygrometer was used to record air temperatures and relative humidity to validate the measurements of the paranometer. By involving statistical and time series techniques, the data obtained from the study were fitted into mathematical models of wind chill temperature index, the humidity controlled air temperature index and the heat index to determine the internal body temperature required to better understand the consequences of changing atmospheric temperature on human health. The study has established that long term good health of humans depends on continued climate stability and that empirical knowledge of health consequences associated with changing atmospheric temperature in tropical climate can be used to predict possible corresponding health implication of people living in the area. The study therefore recommends further research into the subject and continuous enlightenment of the society about climate change dynamics in their locations.
Dr. Nishant Sagar, Dr. Taruna Juneja Gandhi
Ayushman Bharat- Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana is a flagship scheme of the Government of India, with a vision of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) as its underlying commitment of "leaving no one behind." Launched in 2018, AB-PMJAY is the world’s largest health assurance scheme, aiming at providing a health cover for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization to over 12 crores poor and vulnerable families. With more than 42.7 crore Ayushman cards created across the country, and 32,500 empanelled hospitals, the AB-PMJAY scheme is currently providing cashless healthcare services for 1,961 procedures across 27 medical specialities. AB-PMJAY scheme has been evolving since its inception and is constantly adding new features in its portfolio, such as coverage of 70+ population; shift from volume-based to value-based care system, strengthening of district implementation units, to name a few. The scheme has many achievements, however, there are gaps and irregularities in the current disposition. The article outlines these gaps and gives pragmatic solutions to fill those loopholes. Filling these critical gaps is critical before the programme goes on to the next level, in terms of coverage without compromising on the quality of care.
Sajan K. Chourasia, Someshwar S. Pandey, Vipal R. Panchal
The rapid increase in automobile usage has accelerated the depletion of fossil fuels and contributed significantly to environmental degradation. This scenario highlights the urgent need for alternative energy resources that can meet growing energy demands while reducing harmful emissions from conventional fuels. Among the various alternatives, biofuels have emerged as a promising option for internal combustion engines. Numerous short-term engine tests using biofuels have shown encouraging results; however, challenges persist in long-term engine durability tests, which often reveal issues such as excessive carbon deposition and contamination of lubricating oils, ultimately leading to engine failure. This review aims to evaluate the tribological feasibility of biofuels in transportation applications, as their tribological performance plays a critical role in engine reliability and efficiency. The discussion focuses on various tribological aspects, including material compatibility, long-term endurance, wear behavior, and frictional characteristics. A detailed analysis of friction and wear parameters is presented, covering both compression ignition and spark ignition engines, with particular attention to the use of biodiesels, biofuels, and bio-oils as potential lubricants. Rather than introducing new experimental findings, this review consolidates and critically analyzes existing research, outlining past developments and highlighting future perspectives in the field of biofuel tribology.
Dr. Manjiri D. Jangale (Ghorpade), Dr. Sonam V. Surkar
Lifestyle disorders such as Hridroga (cardiac diseases) and Prameha (metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus) are increasing worldwide due to sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, and mental stress. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a holistic treatment approach targeting the root cause of these diseases through Ahara (diet), Vihara (lifestyle), Aushadha (medications), and Manasika Bhava (mental balance). Yoga complements Ayurvedic therapies by enhancing cardiovascular health, metabolic balance, and psychological well-being. This review highlights the integrative role of Ayurveda and Yoga in preventing and managing Hridroga and Prameha, emphasizing classical concepts, therapeutic modalities, and scientific evidence supporting their synergistic efficacy.
Mrs.Sheelavathi
Social change is a universal phenomenon. Among the social institutions which have shaped the lives of human beings, marriage plays a significant role. Like other social institutions, the institution of marriage has also been experiencing profound changes. There has been an exponential change with regard to rules of marriage, the acceptable age of marriage, gender norms, child rearing practices, etc. The process of urbanisation, industrialisation, modernisation, western education, advancement of technology, and changes in the structure of family accelerated these changes. When compared to ancient period, the present outlook of marriage is much more liberalised. The present study tries to figure out how many changes that have taken place in the marriage institution of Bhalavalikar Gauda Saraswat Brahmin community in Dakshina Kannada district. Bhalavalikar Gauda Saraswat Brahmins are a sub caste of the larger Saraswat Brahmin Community which has migrated to South India including Dakshina Kannada District from North India in the 17th century. The study also focuses on the various factors that are responsible for the changes in marriage institution. The present study is based on field survey carried out in Belthangady, Bantwala, Puttur and Sullia Taluks of Dakshina Kannada district. The study is both qualitative as well as quantitative in nature.
Rashmi Rekha Barik, Sujata Mishra
Hazards are the natural events that take place in an area locally. When this natural event causes huge devastation or destruction of live and property is called disaster. Different natural disasters occurred in different places of the world in different times. For example, flood, drought, landslide, earthquake, volcanic eruption, cyclone, tsunami, bush fire etc. are the natural events but when these natural events take the lives and property in huge numbers or amount it called as disaster. There are many vulnerable groups in context of climate change whose impacts vary spatially and temporally. It varies with location, economic status, age, sex etc. Over the last 3 decades, various extreme events like heavy rainfall, high tides, drought, floods, cyclone and tsunami have brought huge devastation to the society. Most of the world cities are generally found in the places where the food and water facilities are found easily. So mist of the developed cities of the world developed along the river coast or ocean coast area. Hence the coastal areas are facing different types of natural hazards and disasters most of the time. The present study area, i.e. Puri urban area is a heritage city which is very ancient in nature. It is one of the four “Dhamas” of the Hindus and at the same time has beautiful golden beach affecting crowds from all around the world. Hence, plethora of employment opportunities attracted huge number of migrants. As a result there is proliferation of slum development. Basic characteristics of these slums are dilapiladated housing structures with poor ventilation, overcrowding, inadequate lighting, lack of portable water, absence of sanitation facilities, faulty alignment of streets, inundation during monsoon season, lack of access for fire-fighting and control measures. In our society the women, children and old people are most vulnerable for every changing environment due to their lower capacity than the young people. Generally when a disease or any disaster happened, the women children and old people are affected more due to their less tolerance capacity to the changing face of the normal environment. They also don’t have access to property or financial resources which makes them more vulnerable in the face of disaster.
Jicel P. de Guzman, Lolita A. Dulay
This quantitative study investigated the effect of digital reading practices on the reading enthusiasm of Grade 11 Science learners at Malabog National High School, Davao City. Using a descriptive–correlational research design, data were gathered from 100 purposively selected participants through a validated survey questionnaire adapted from Chen and Kuo (2017) and the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire by Wigfield and Guthrie (1997). Descriptive statistics determined the levels of digital reading practices and reading enthusiasm, while Pearson’s r and linear regression tested their relationship and predictive influence. Findings revealed that learners exhibited moderate to high digital reading practices (M = 3.72, SD = 0.58) and high reading enthusiasm (M = 3.89, SD = 0.61). A significant positive correlation (r = 0.63, p < .05) was found between digital reading practices and reading enthusiasm, indicating that more frequent and purposeful digital reading is associated with greater motivation and engagement. Regression analysis confirmed that digital reading practices significantly predicted reading enthusiasm (β = 0.63, t = 7.84, p < .05). The results highlight the importance of integrating digital reading strategies in science education to cultivate students’ enthusiasm and intrinsic motivation for learning.
Abdul-Razak Salifu, Daniel Owusu-Donkor, Reginal Gyane, Roland Yaw Kudozia
Cloud computing has become a critical driver of digital transformation in emerging economies, enabling organizations to scale ICT capabilities without substantial capital investment. Ghana has made notable progress in expanding mobile and broadband connectivity, yet significant gaps remain in the country’s overall cloud readiness. This paper provides a secondary-data assessment of Ghana’s digital infrastructure, policy environment, and market maturity to evaluate the conditions that enable or constrain cloud adoption. Drawing on real-world datasets from the National Communications Authority (NCA), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the World Bank, and recent academic studies, the analysis highlights a strong submarine cable footprint but persistent bottlenecks in last-mile connectivity, broadband affordability, and data centre capacity. While banks, telecom operators, and fintech firms increasingly use cloud services, adoption across public institutions and SMEs remains uneven due to infrastructural limitations, regulatory uncertainties, and skills shortages. Through a structured cloud readiness framework, the paper identifies Ghana’s major strengths and weaknesses and proposes policy measures to accelerate cloud adoption. The findings contribute to ongoing discussions on Africa’s digital transformation by offering a country-specific analysis that integrates technical, regulatory, and market perspectives.
Justinus Andjarwirawan
Developing nations frequently grapple with bureaucratic inertia and corruption, hindering progress toward sustainable development. While digital transformation is widely pursued, the specific strategic role of cloud infrastructure in cementing governance integrity remains under-explored. This study addresses that gap by presenting a technical architectural framework and conducting a qualitative comparative analysis of GovTech implementations in Rwanda, India, Indonesia, and Singapore. By examining platforms such as Rwanda’s Irembo and Indonesia’s LAPOR! , the research demonstrates how cloud-native features—specifically microservices architecture and API gateways —provide the necessary scalability and resilience for public services. Critically, the study illustrates the mechanism for combating corruption: the replacement of discretionary manual processes with immutable digital audit trails and automated workflows, which enforce transparency and reduce opportunities for bribery. The findings confirm that cloud-powered GovTech is a foundational pillar for achieving UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) and Goal 9 (Innovation)..
Morufu Adekola Oyebamiji, Rebecca Edem Bassey
The Niger Delta region of Nigeria faces severe environmental challenges due to extensive oil exploration, pollution, and resource exploitation, which have adversely impacted local ecosystems and communities. This article explores the critical role of community participation in advancing environmental conservation and policy advocacy in the Niger Delta. It highlights how community engagement contributes to sustainable resource management, influences environmental policies, and fosters collaborative efforts among stakeholders. Thorough analysis of recent Nigerian case studies, the article examines successful community-driven initiatives, identifies challenges such as limited capacity, exclusion, and institutional constraints, and discusses strategies to strengthen community involvement. Key recommendations include capacity-building, transparency, multi-stakeholder collaboration, policy reforms, and enhanced funding for grassroots initiatives. The study underscores that empowering local communities is essential for achieving long-lasting environmental sustainability and equitable development in the Niger Delta.
AYENI, James Kehinde, Ipeayeda Funmi W., Mayowa Oyedepo Oyediran, OBISESAN, Rachael Oyeranti, OBISESAN, Stephen Oluwatosin
Cloud storage requires efficient and secure encryption to ensure data confidentiality.This study evaluates and compares the performance of the AES and Blowfish encryption algorithms with the aim of determining which algorithm offers superior efficiency and reliability for secure data processing. The specific objectives are to measure and analyze their encryption time, execution time, throughput, and Mean Square Error (MSE) across multiple experimental runs. MATLAB was used as the primary methodology for implementing both algorithms, generating datasets, executing repeated trials, and computing performance metrics. Execution time values were recorded for twenty samples, where AES consistently produced lower times such as 72 s, 154 s, 95 s, 78 s, 25 s, and a minimum of 9.1 s, while Blowfish recorded higher corresponding values including 106 s, 213 s, 138 s, 136 s, 31 s, and a minimum of 10 s. Comparative averages further showed that AES achieved a lower overall execution range, indicating faster computational behaviour. Throughput values also demonstrated AES superiority, with sample values above 1.00, while Blowfish maintained lower throughput levels. MSE analysis revealed significantly lower values for AES, such as 59.88, compared to Blowfish’s much higher 126.83, indicating better data accuracy and reduced distortion during encryption and decryption. The bar and line graph analyses confirmed AES’s consistent performance advantage across all metrics. The results demonstrate that AES outperforms Blowfish in terms of speed, efficiency, and reliability. In conclusion, AES is better suited for high-performance encryption applications requiring fast execution and accurate data reconstruction. Blowfish, although functional, shows slower and more inconsistent behaviour, making it less ideal for time-critical or high-volume security systems.
Egbuchilem, B, Nwagwu, A. C, Opurum, C. N, Ukpere, D. R. T
This paper examined air quality around gas flaring sites in Etche and Ikwerre Local Government Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. Experimental research design was adopted, imploring the use of primary and secondary data. Primary data were generated through field measurements. Air quality parameters of CO, SO2, NO2, SPM2.5, SPM10 and H2S were measured using an ELE Analox Sensor Gas Monitor Model GC 401, multi–RAE PLUS (PGM-50), programmable Multi Gas Monitor and Multi Gas Detector (Defender ®) Model D2-2000 respectively. While Met One Instrument, Inc Aerosol Mass Monitor was used to measure Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) of PM2.5 and PM10 in the study area. Hand-held digital thermometer, logger (Testo 450), and digital anemometer were used to determined micro-climatic parameters of atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity respectively. Air quality measurements were collected around 12 randomly selected flare locations of Etche and Ikwerre gas flared sites. The study was anchored on the Concept of Environmental Quality, Air pollution dispersion and System theories. Inferential statistics was used to analyse the data and hypothesis was tested using two sample t-test. Findings showed that the mean concentration of NO2, SO2, H2S and CO ranged from 1245.69mg/m3 -1555.09 mg/m3, 138.43 mg/m3 - 202.65 mg/m3, 60.43 mg/m3 - 65.24 mg/m3, and 750.0 mg/m3 - 985.7 mg/m3 respectively. PM2.5 concentration ranged from 0.0237mg/m3 -14.42 while PM10 concentration ranged from 0.0848 mg/m3 - 0.094 mg/m3. The study concluded that the concentration of most of the pollutants in the selected flared locations exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) stipulated limits while a few others remained within acceptable limits. Thus, the study recommended amongst others installation or optimization of pollution control equipment (e.g., scrubbers, flare optimization) to reduce CO, NO₂, SO₂, and particulate emissions, well-planned sustainable afforestation programme along these flare locations should be encouraged as these trees will act as a sink to these atmospheric pollutants.
Dr. Nishshanka Abeyrathna
This paper presents a comparative study of Swaras in Indian classical music, with a particular focus on the structural, tonal, and theoretical differences between the Hindustani and Carnatic traditions. Drawing upon ancient treatises and modern scholarship, the research analyzes the evolution, classification, and practical applications of Swaras. The study also explores improvisational techniques, modal systems, and ornamentation, thereby offering a systematic understanding of the role of Swaras in pedagogy and performance. This comparative inquiry contributes to the discourse on musical divergence and unity within the broader framework of Indian classical music. This study provides a deeper investigation into the conceptual, structural, and pedagogical interpretations of Swaras in the Hindustani and Carnatic classical traditions. Beyond describing differences, it critically examines how pitch classification, modal systems, microtonality, ornamentation, pedagogy, and aesthetic orientation contribute to unique musical identities. The study contributes to broader Indian musicology by explaining how theoretical frameworks, performance practice, and pedagogy collectively shape Swara interpretation in contemporary practice.
Ankit Satija, Dr. Arpita Kaul, Harsh Gupta, Karnika Pagaria
The overall purpose of the study was to identify, compare and analyse the attitudes and behavior of Generation X and Generation Y in India. For this study the age cohort of the generation X and generation Y was identified. The people born in between 1965-79 are classified as Generation X while those born in between 1980-96 are classified as Generation Y. After a vast literature review Rokeach Value Survey was selected for data collection purpose. The survey consists two sets of values, i.e. Terminl Values and Instrumental Values with each set containing 18 work values. The questionnaire was shared with 200 people from generation X and Y each. Out of 200, 82 people responded from each generation. On the basis of the survey, a comparative analysis was done with the help of Mann Whitney Test. Key differences and similarities were pointed out and implications were discussed.
Anyanwu Gabriel, Daikwo Moses Alilu, Gyebi Gideon Ampoma, Zubair, Zainab Oyiza
This study evaluated the microbial contamination and nutritional composition of locally prepared and preserved tomato paste using glass bottles compared with industrial tomato paste. Four samples were prepared: homemade tomato paste (HP), homemade paste with preservative (HPP), vendor paste (VP), and industrial paste (IP) serving as control. Analyses were conducted at Month 1 and Month 3 for sterile samples, and at Month 3 for the spoilage study. The parameters analyzed included moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, and microbial load. Results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in moisture content (ranging from 5.45 ± 0.05% to 6.80 ± 0.07%), crude protein (1.91 ± 0.01% to 2.65 ± 0.05%), and microbial load (2.1 × 10³ to 8.4 × 10⁵ CFU/g) between homemade and industrial samples. Sterile samples showed lower microbial counts compared to the spoilage study, indicating effective preservation through sterilization and glass bottle storage. The novelty of this study lies in its direct comparison of glass bottle–preserved tomato pastes under sterile and non-sterile (spoilage) conditions, providing practical insights into the potential of local preservation methods for improving food safety and reducing postharvest losses in Nigeria’s tomato value chain.
Devalraju Ravisankar, Sridevi Vishnumolakala
This study compares the effectiveness of conventional lecture-based teaching with app- and video-based learning methods in Biochemistry education for first-year MBBS students. Sixty students were randomly assigned into two groups: Conventional Learning Group (CLG) and App- and Video-Based Learning Group (AVLG). Knowledge acquisition was assessed through pre-tests, post-tests, and delayed retention tests. Results revealed significant improvements within both groups, with no major statistical differences overall, though conventional methods showed slight superiority in one topic. Student feedback highlighted the flexibility and visual clarity of digital tools, alongside the structured guidance of classroom teaching. The findings support a blended approach that integrates digital resources with traditional pedagogy to optimize engagement, retention, and performance.
Adewole, A. A. (ORCID), Emokpae A. M., Ige, I. P., (ORCID), Mokwenye, N. V., Ohikere, O. P.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, all of which elevate the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While subclinical myocardial injury is recognized in Western populations with PCOS, data from Nigerian women, who may face distinct genetic and environmental risk factor profiles, remain scarce. This study aims to compare the circulating levels of specific myocardial injury biomarkers between Nigerian women with and without PCOS. This was a case-control study conducted at selected healthcare centers and fertility clinics in Lokoja, Okene, and Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria, where PCOS cases are commonly reported. This study comprises of 150 samples, with 110 women diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria (PCOS Group) were recruited and compared to 40 age- and BMI-matched healthy women (Control Group). Fasting blood samples were analyzed for quantitative measurement of three cardiac biomarkers: Myoglobin (MYO), Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI), and Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB). Anthropometric data and standard lipid profiles were also collected. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), with significance set at p < 0.05. The multivariate test using Pillai’s Trace indicated a significant overall group effect, V = 0.202, F(3, 146) = 12.32, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.202, suggesting that the combined biomarker profile differed between groups. Follow-up univariate ANOVAs revealed that women with PCOS had significantly higher mean serum levels of cTnI (F(1,148) = 5.91, p = .016, partial η² = 0.038), CK-MB (F(1,148) = 20.43, p < 0.001, partial η² = .121), and MYO (F(1,148) = 21.65, p < .001, partial η² = 0.128) compared to controls. The estimated marginal means confirmed consistently elevated concentrations of all three biomarkers in the PCOS group (MYO: 57.88 ± 3.51 ng/ml; CK-MB: 1.87 ± 0.08 ng/ml; cTnI: 0.074 ± 0.005 ng/ml) relative to the control group (MYO: 26.28 ± 5.82 ng/ml; CK-MB: 1.21 ± 0.13 ng/ml; cTnI: 0.053 ± 0.008 ng/ml). Collectively, these findings indicate that PCOS is associated with significantly elevated serum concentrations of myocardial biomarkers, suggesting the presence of early or subclinical myocardial stress in affected women, independent of age matching. Furthermore, regression analysis suggested that significant factor, like MYO was an independent predictor of the outcome variable. Nigerian women with PCOS exhibit significantly elevated circulating levels of myocardial biomarkers (MYO, cTnI, and CK-MB), suggesting the presence of chronic, subclinical myocardial injury in this population. These findings underscore the need for early and aggressive cardiovascular risk assessment and management strategies for women with PCOS in the Nigerian clinical setting.
Keerthanaa Vijayanand
This comparative case study examines the efficacy and environmental safety of biofermented (probiotic-based) cleaners versus conventional chemical disinfectants in the sanitation of public toilets—a critical facet of urban public health infrastructure. The analysis synthesizes evidence from over 40 peer-reviewed studies, focusing on pathogen removal rates, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) implications, operational sustainability, and life cycle environmental impacts. Findings show that biofermented cleaners achieve comparable or superior pathogen reduction and provide sustained microbial suppression through competitive exclusion, virtually eliminating the risk of AMR amplification—a major limitation of chemical disinfectants. Cost-benefit analysis using INR values highlights a potential 75% reduction in total operational costs when adopting biofermented systems at scale. Additionally, environmental impact assessments demonstrate that enzyme-based cleaners are fully biodegradable and produce negligible toxic residues, contrasting sharply with the high environmental burden and disinfection byproduct formation of chlorine- and quaternary ammonium-based disinfectants. The study concludes by recommending pilot implementation and regulatory recognition of biofermented cleaners for public sanitation in India, citing benefits for public health, environmental sustainability, and economic efficiency.
Henry Ajulor Amadi-Ikpa, Ibinabo Fubara Bob-Manuel
The placenta is a fetomaternal organ which connects the developing fetus to the mother. This connection is both structural and functional. This study is aimed at examining the relationship between placental morphology and morphometry in normal and assisted reproduction (ART) in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. A case-controlled descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study was done using placentas from normal and assisted reproduction, with a sample size (n=96. The placenta was obtained immediately after delivery, and the membrane was trimmed off to expose the chorionic plate. Morphologic parameters were recorded, while measurements were taken for morphometric parameters. The means of placental morphometry were determined in normal and assisted reproduction. A statistically significant relationship (p< 0.05) was found to exist between morphometric parameters of the placenta in normal and assisted reproduction. At the confidence level (p< 0.05), all the morphometric parameters of the placenta, except the number of cotyledons and volume of placenta, showed a significant difference in normal and assisted reproduction. There was no statistically significant difference in the morphology of the placenta in normal and assisted reproduction, except for umbilical cord insertion. Assisted reproduction caused a significant effect on the morphometry of the placenta, umbilical cord insertion and feto-placental ratio. Our study showed that assisted reproduction increases the thickness and diameter of the placenta, but causes a reduction in placental weight and feto-placental ratio. ART increased the incidence of central and velamentous insertion but decreased eccentric and marginal insertion of the umbilical cord. Our study provides baseline data on morphometric parameters of the placenta in normal (spontaneous) and assisted production in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. These findings contribute to the global understanding of the dynamics of the effect of hormonal drugs used in ART.
Dr.Pranali Thakkar
Background: Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA), also known as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting children under 16 years of age. It primarily involves synovial joints, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and functional limitations. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management, including physiotherapy, are vital for preventing deformities and improving functional outcomes. Case Presentation: A 10-year-old female child diagnosed with polyarticular JRA presented with pain and stiffness in bilateral knees, wrists, and ankles, along with morning stiffness and difficulty in performing daily activities. Assessment revealed restricted joint range of motion, muscle weakness, and functional dependency. A six-week physiotherapy intervention program was designed, incorporating pain management modalities, range of motion and strengthening exercises, hydrotherapy, gait training, and caregiver education. Results: After six weeks of structured physiotherapy, the patient demonstrated significant improvement in pain (VAS reduced from 6/10 to 2/10), knee flexion (increased from 90° to 120°), muscle strength (quadriceps improved from grade 3/5 to 4+/5), and walking tolerance (increased to 500 meters). Functional outcomes measured by the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) improved from 1.8 to 0.8, indicating enhanced quality of life. Conclusion: Early and individualized physiotherapy intervention plays a crucial role in managing Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis by reducing pain, maintaining joint function, improving mobility, and enhancing overall quality of life. Continuous follow-up and parent education are essential to ensure long-term functional independence and prevent disability progression.
Roilian Mykyta
The article examines the architectural and organizational principles of applying containerization, orchestration, and DevOps practices in industrial IT infrastructure. The mechanisms ensuring adaptability, fault tolerance, and security of digital systems based on Docker and Kubernetes technologies are analyzed. The role of DevOps in integrating development, testing, and operation processes, as well as its importance for building self-adaptive and secure production platforms, is emphasized. Particular attention is given to data management, information protection, and the implementation of multi-layered security policies in container clusters. It is shown that the combination of containerization, orchestration, and DevOps contributes to improving the resilience of IT systems and reducing operational risks in industrial environments.
Dr. R. Portia
The goal of the study was to investigate the connection between higher secondary students cognitive efficiency and mindfulness. The capacity to sustain present moment awareness with openness and nonjudgmental is known as mindfulness and it has been associated with improve executive functioning working memory and attention. Academic success depends on cognitive efficiency which includes attentions control information processing speed and problem solving skills. In this study stratified random selection was used to choose a sample of 200 students (100 boys and 100 girls) from government and private schools in Tamil Nadu for the correlation research design. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) was used to examine mindfulness and a standardized cognitive efficiency inventory was used to test cognitive efficiency. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and independent sample t-test were used in the data analysis. Higher levels of mindfulness are linked to improve cognitive functioning according to the study finding which showed a strong positive connection between mindfulness and cognitive efficiency. While there was no discernible gender difference in cognitive efficiency gender analysis revealed that girls scored significantly higher those boys in mindfulness. These results highlight how importance it is to include mindfulness based activities in school curricula and teacher preparation programs. It is advised that future studies use experimental or longitudinal designs to determine causal links and look at long term higher level of mindfulness are linked to improve cognitive functioning.
Chileshe Lesa, Helen Ayles, Lawrence Mwenge, Leticia Chisanga, Mweete Chiluba, Peter Hangoma
Background: Adolescents and young people (AYP) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Zambia, face significant structural and social barriers to accessing essential Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services. This challenge contributes to high rates of negative health outcomes, including early pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and HIV incidence. Evidence on the affordability and value-for-money of youth-tailored SRH interventions in Zambia is urgently needed to inform resource allocation. This study contributes to the literature on the cost of the SRH service delivery in Zambia. Methods: Following a provider perspective, we prospectively conducted an economic evaluation. An ingredient-based costing approach was used to calculate the total and unit costs of the SRH intervention compared to routine care. Effectiveness was measured as changes in the knowledge of HIV status among AYP. The primary outcomes were the unit costs by services for the trial arms and the standard of care (Youth-friendly corner model). Deterministic sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess changes in the Youth-friendly platform when key cost inputs were varied. Results: The YFC platform had a total cost of US$31,185.33 and a cost per person reached of US$4.66, while the iYFC platform cost US$27,084.90 with a cost per person of US$14.82, and the iCYFH platform cost US$217,411.91 with a cost per person of US$19.41. Integrated SRH service delivery ($371,235.98) in the iCYFH model was significantly more cost-efficient than parallel provision ($1,131,410.18), resulting in a potential saving of $760,174.20. Sensitivity analysis indicated that discount rate and project life years are key cost drivers, with personnel costs also significantly influencing unit costs. The incentivized community model, despite higher platform costs, offers substantial efficiency gains through integrated service delivery. Conclusion: The findings provide critical economic evidence necessary for decision-making regarding the scale-up of targeted SRH interventions for AYP in Zambia. This analysis supports policy efforts to prioritize and efficiently allocate resources toward effective SRH delivery models, ultimately improving health equity and outcomes for this population.
Dr. Sachin Hudale
Crop diversification is a key strategy for improving the livelihoods of farmers in the drought-prone regions of Maharashtra. Sangli district - particularly Khanapur taluka - has been affected by repeated droughts, uneven rainfall, declining groundwater levels and increasing climatic stress. This study analyses the changes in cropping patterns in Khanapur taluka from 2010 to 2024 using statistical indices such as the Herfindahl Index (HI) and Gibbs–Martin Index (GMI). The required secondary data was obtained from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES), Government of Maharashtra, District Statistical Abstracts (2010–2023) and IMD rainfall reports. The findings indicate that after 2015, farmers gradually reduced their dependence on water-intensive crops like sugarcane and shifted toward pulses, jowar, bajra, vegetables and horticultural crops. This transition accelerated after the severe 2016 drought, supported by government initiatives and farmers’ adaptive strategies. Overall, crop diversification in Khanapur is moderate but shows a consistent upward trend. However, it remains sensitive to rainfall variability, water scarcity and market fluctuations. The study also provides policy recommendations and sustainable agricultural practices to further strengthen crop diversification in the region.
Akwasi Mensah-Bonsu, Boahen Atta Oppong, Edward Ebo Onumah, Ramatu Mahama Al-Hassan
This study estimated crop productivity and multidimensional poverty based on health, education, and living standards indicators in rural and urban areas and the agroecological zones of Ghana. The multidimensional poverty index was regressed on crop productivity with instrumental variable fixed and random effects models and pseudo panel data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey Rounds 5 and 6. The study found multidimensional poverty headcount ratio reduced 46% in 2005/06 to 34% in 2012/13 in Ghana. The multidimensional poverty headcount ratio reduced 49% in 2005/06 to 38% in 2012/13 rural and reduced 25% 2005/06 to 16% 2012/13 urban. The multidimensional poverty headcount ratio reduced 32%, 29%, and 60% in 2005/06 to 28%, 21%, and 45% in 2012/13 at the coastal, forest, and savannah agroecological zones, respectively. The study further showed that 1% growth crop productivity reduced multidimensional poverty by 0.17% disaggregated into 0.09% and 0.28% coastal and savannah agroecological zones respectively but marginally reduced at the forest zone.
George Morara Anyona
Purpose: This study examines how local cultural beliefs in Kisii County, Kenya, shape awareness, understanding, and help-seeking behaviors regarding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Given limited research in rural Kenyan settings, I aim to explore both traditional narratives and biomedical perspectives, and how they influence recognition and diagnosis of ASD. Methods: I conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions among caregivers of children with ASD, community leaders, traditional healers, and health professionals in Kisii County. Using purposive sampling, I recruited 35 participants. Transcripts were analyzed via thematic analysis. Results: Three major themes emerged: (1) supernatural attributions (e.g., curses, witchcraft, ancestral spirits) as causes of ASD; (2) stigma and social exclusion arising from these beliefs; (3) pluralistic treatment pathways, including traditional healers, prayer, and limited engagement with biomedical services. A lack of formal ASD knowledge, coupled with cultural interpretations, contributed to delays in diagnosis and under-utilization of available health services. Conclusion: Cultural beliefs in Kisii County significantly affect ASD awareness, contributing to stigma and barriers to early diagnosis. To improve ASD recognition and care, culturally sensitive education and community engagement strategies are needed, involving both biomedical practitioners and traditional/spiritual leade
Kabiru Bawa, L. C. Ezugu, Patrick Chinda Duhu
This study investigated the curriculum improvement needs of Electrical and Electronics Technology Education Programme (EETEP) in Nigerian universities for graduates sustainable self-employment. Research questions and hypotheses were formulated based on the study objectives. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study and a sample of 80 respondents consisting of 20 lecturers, 28 industry workers, and 32 self-employed graduates was selected from the total population of 400. The instrument used in this study is questionnaire titled Curriculum Improvement Needs of Electrical and Electronics Technology Programmes in Nigerian Universities for Sustainable Self-employment (CINETP) and was validated. A reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha method to ensure the reliability of the instruments. The results from the findings of the research questions showed that all respondents have consensus on the need for curriculum enhancements in areas such as electrical installation, equipment maintenance, Radio and Television, and utilization of ICT integration which are crucial for equipping graduates with the expertise needed for sustainable self-employment. Statistical analysis, including one-way ANOVA, indicates no significant differences among the different respondent groups regarding the identified improvement needs. The study concludes that addressing these curriculum gaps is essential for equipping graduates with the necessary skills for sustainable self-employment, thereby contributing to economic development in Nigeria. Finally, it was recommended that skills relevant to the use of RCDs, home appliances, motor control centres, AFCIs, and smart gears to reduce power consumption, IoT, Autotronics, smart circuit boards of R & TV, Smart TV screen technologies maintenance skills, and SMDs should be included in the Electrical and Electronics Technology curriculum for graduates sustainable self-employment. Also, Digital marketing, online learning platform, AI, YouTube, ML and blockchain technologies should also be deployed in the teaching of Electrical and Electronics Technology Education.
MD Nizam Uddin, MD Sezadur Rahman, Niloy Saha, Samia Kashem Juhi
Bangladesh’s rapidly expanding digital financial ecosystem—driven by mobile financial services (MFS), online banking and fintech innovation—has transformed economic participation and inclusion. Yet, this digital boom has also triggered an alarming rise in cyber fraud, exposing structural weaknesses in how responsibility is shared across institutions and users. Using the 2025 Standard Chartered Bank (SCB) OTP scam as a focal case, this paper examines cyber fraud not as an isolated technical or user-level issue, but as a systemic failure within a distributed network of accountability. It analyzes how gaps in authentication protocols, inadequate coordination between banks and telecom operators, and insufficient user awareness collectively enable exploitation. Drawing on publicly available data, regulatory frameworks and incident reports, the study proposes a multi-actor responsibility model to map how trust and accountability should be shared among banks, MFS providers, regulators and end users. The findings highlight the urgent need for integrated cyber governance—one that bridges institutional silos, enforces shared liability, and builds digital resilience across Bangladesh’s evolving financial landscape.
Ede A.O., Eleweke N, Offiah A. U, Offiah M. O, Offiah, E. A
Gunshot wounds are among the most common cause of homicide deaths in Nigeria and, in many instances, the most common means of suicide globally. An important and common practice among forensic pathologists is to analyse and interpret fatal gunshot wounds. A correct interpretation of gunshot wounds is essential for the final determination of manner of death and it provides valuable information to law enforcement in their investigations. This study examines the morphological characteristics of gunshot-related fatalities in Aba over a seven-year period, from 2018 to 2024. Utilizing the comprehensive analysis of autopsy reports and medical records, the study identify trends in demographics, wound patterns, and fatality rates associated with gun violence in the region. The results showed that fatalities within the study area indicated that 55% of deaths occurred in urban settings, particularly in high- neighborhoods. Gang-related violence accounted for 40% of cases, while other circumstances included robbery (25%), domestic disputes (15%), and political violence (10%). The morphological analysis of gunshot wounds revealed that handguns were the most commonly used weapons, involved 65% of cases, followed by rifles (25%) and shotguns (10%). From the results, 195(60%) of victims sustaining multiple wounds, followed by the head 91(28%) and extremities 26(08%) as the wound patterns. In relation to the associated injuries, 130(40%) of victims presented with blunt force injuries, often indicating a struggle prior to death. The findings reveal a significant increase in gunshot deaths, particularly among young adult males, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions. The morphological analysis underscores the common types of injuries sustained, including entrance and exit wounds, and their correlation with the type of firearms used. This research aims to provide critical insights for public health officials, law enforcement, and policymakers in formulating effective strategies to combat gun violence and improve community safety in Aba. By elucidating the patterns and implications of gunshot fatalities, we contribute to the broader discourse on violence prevention and health outcomes in urban settings.
Dr. Ma. Magdalena V. Gatdula, Engr. Charmaine L. Robles, PECE, Engr. Prince Jaminn A. Soberano
The goal of this research is the design, simulation, and validation of a stable and energy-efficient Mamdani-type-1 FLC that controls an indoor climate balancing system by overcoming the drawbacks of conventional linear control in handling the intrinsic nonlinearity and complexity of the system. The main objective will be to dynamically control crucial climate parameters such as Fan Speed and Cooling Rate based on crisp input values of Temperature in the range [8 44] and Relative Humidity in the range [0 90]. The operational intelligence of the FLC relies on a comprehensive fuzzy rule base of thirty-five (35) IF-THEN rules that connect seven fuzzy sets for temperature and five for humidity to their corresponding output actions. The simulation also highlights the capability of the FLC to smoothly offer nonlinear control transitions from minimum to maximum effort, thus avoiding abrupt on/off behavior that wastes energy. This research validates the FLC as an effective, feasible, and energy-efficient control solution, laying a very firm foundation for further research.
A.Ashifa, B.Priyanka, J.Mohamed Jaffir, S.Dinesh, S.Kalairishi
This paper presents a focused investigation into advanced computational and architectural strategies that enable Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to function as Persistent Relay Nodes (PRNs) in disaster-affected regions where terrestrial communication networks often fail. During large-scale emergencies, long-endurance aerial communication relays become essential; however, conventional battery-powered UAVs are unable to meet these endurance requirements. To address this gap, the study introduces the Persistent Aerial Relay Node (PARN), a Tethered UAV (T-UAV) platform designed to provide uninterrupted communication capability through a hybrid power architecture. The system integrates continuous high-voltage tethered power with a 6S 8000 mAh LiPo emergency battery, ensuring operational resilience during unexpected tether failures.
Anzhelika Slastonenko
In today's world, creating a personal image is an important component of a person's self-realization. People strive to look stylish, attractive and confident. One of the main elements of appearance is a hairstyle. It plays an important role in shaping the overall impression of a person, helps to express individuality and emphasize style. Hairstyle is not just a way of styling hair, but a form of visual expression. Through it, a person can convey his or her mood, creativity, and even social position. In different historical periods, hairstyles reflected not only fashion but also belonging to a certain class or culture. Today it is a part of a personal brand, a means of creating a unique image. A special place among hairstyles is occupied by spectacular or creative hairstyles. These are bright, nonstandard, often extravagant styling styles that have a strong visual effect. They are used in art, at fashion shows, in theater and television images. A spectacular hairstyle can be a real work of art that carries a certain idea, concept, or emotional message. There are several types of spectacular hairstyles. Historical hairstyles recreate images of the past, often used in costume events or movies. Forward-thinking hairstyles are bold, innovative forms that show an idea of the fashion of the future. Art hairstyles are created to impress the viewer, and they are mostly used in art projects, photo shoots, or stylist competitions. In addition to being spectacular, a hairstyle has important functions. It has an aesthetic role - it adorns a person, emphasizes facial features. The social function is manifested in the ability of a hairstyle to indicate age, profession, or membership in a particular group. The communicative function is the ability to convey a mood or message through appearance. Creative - allows you to realize ideas and creative vision. In modern image building, hairstyle is an important detail. It can be a part of a habitual image - a holistic image of a person created on the basis of a certain idea. Such an image is thought out to the smallest detail: hairstyle, clothes, facial expressions, and manner of behavior. All of this helps a person express themselves, make the desired impression, and sometimes even influence the opinions of others.
Edwin Ireri, Josphat Karani, Kennedy Malanga
The proliferation of hate speech on social media platforms poses significant societal challenges, with X platform experiencing a 50% overall increase in hate speech, including a 260% rise in transphobic slurs following recent policy changes. Traditional text-based detection models struggle with modern communication patterns, particularly on platforms like X where the 280-character constraint encourages coded language and linguistic compression. This study addresses critical gaps in multimodal hate speech detection through two primary objectives: systematic analysis of current multimodal models to identify gaps and limitations specific to X platform, and to design of an innovative multimodal architecture optimized for X platform's unique communication environment. This analysis of six prominent models—VisualBERT, UNITER, HGAT, Stacked Ensemble Framework, Multimodal Transformers, and Visual Data Augmentation approaches—reveals that zero percent of existing models address X platform's 280-character patterns, 83% show text over-reliance, and all models fail real-time processing requirements (<500ms). These findings provide performance analysis and gap analysis across multiple evaluation dimensions. In response, this study presents a designed a novel six-layer architecture featuring breakthrough Dynamic Cross-Modal Attention mechanisms, compression-aware text processing, and lightweight vision transformers specifically optimized for X platform. The architectural design addresses identified gaps through platform-specific preprocessing, parallel feature encoding across four specialized components (Platform-Optimized RoBERTa, Lightweight Vision Transformer, Cultural Context Analyzer, and Adaptive Learning Module), and dynamic multimodal fusion achieving balanced processing between textual and visual modalities. This research contributes to advancing hate speech detection methodologies by providing gap analysis and presenting an innovative design framework that addresses real-time processing, platform-specific optimization, and balanced multimodal integration which are critical requirements for practical social media content moderation.
Crispin Mbogo, Silverius Komba, Willbroad F. Kaovela
This study examined the social, professional, and economic factors influencing the purchase of over-the-counter medicines among adult consumers in Dar es Salaam. A cross-sectional survey design was used, and quantitative data were collected from 302 respondents selected across five districts. Structured questionnaires captured information on demographic characteristics, social influences, professional guidance, and economic constraints shaping purchasing behaviour. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to determine associations between predictor variables and OTC purchasing patterns. The findings showed that several social factors had statistically significant associations with OTC purchases, including family influence, peer influence, social media exposure, privacy concerns, past experiences, and ease of access to pharmaceutical outlets. Professional guidance factors also demonstrated strong associations, particularly trust in pharmacist recommendations, influence of previous physician prescriptions, access to side-effect information, knowledge of dosage, and pharmacy reputation. Economic factors such as household income, medicine price, preference for cheaper brands, transport and accessibility costs, and inflation also showed significant relationships with purchasing behaviour. The results indicate that OTC medicine purchasing decisions are shaped by a combination of behavioural, informational, and financial considerations. Consumers rely on both social cues and professional advice, while affordability and proximity determine the type and frequency of medicines purchased. The study concludes that enhancing consumer health literacy, strengthening pharmacy communication practices, and improving access to affordable medicines may support safer and more informed self-medication practices in urban settings. These insights provide evidence that can guide public health interventions aimed at improving responsible OTC medicine use in Dar es Salaam.
Janavi V. Adkurkar, Meenakshi P., Nutan S. Attimarad
In rural areas or working women’s often face challenges accessing vital healthcare during pregnancy due to financial constraints and time limitations. To address this, a groundbreaking wearable device comprising a smart band and belt to monitor women’s health throughout their pregnancy.
Gospel Uchechukwu Collins, Ibinabo Fubara Bob-Manuel
Lip prints are unique patterns formed by the grooves on the labial mucosa and have been widely recognised as valuable tools in forensic identification and sex determination. Midline and other types of diastema, representing spacing between teeth, are also considered distinctive features in dental anthropology and forensic investigations. The present study aimed to examine the distribution of lip print patterns in relation to diastema types and to explore potential associations with sex. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 students of the University of Port Harcourt, comprising 301 females and 199 males. Lip prints were recorded and classified according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s method into five types (I–V), while diastema was categorised as mandibular, maxillary, or combined. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to determine associations between variables. The results revealed that in females, type I lip print was most prevalent (68.44%), while in males, type II (48.74%) and type III (38.69%) predominated. Maxillary diastema was more common in both sexes, with mandibular diastema being rare. Chi-square analysis indicated a significant association between lip print type and diastema category in males (χ² = 21.321, p < 0.05), but not in females (χ² = 11.528, p > 0.05). Additionally, a significant relationship was observed between sex and lip print type (χ² = 286.68, p < 0.05), confirming sexual dimorphism in lip patterns. In conclusion, lip prints demonstrate sex-specific distribution and, in combination with diastema patterns, may serve as reliable adjuncts for human identification and sex determination in forensic and anthropological contexts. These findings underscore the potential utility of cheiloscopy and dental morphology as complementary tools in forensic investigations.
Magdana Kvabziridze, Nana Bliadze
Georgia, along with one of its most densely populated regions, Imereti, is considered one of the most challenging areas in terms of the scale of natural disasters, their temporal recurrence, and the damage they cause. Out of a total of 544 settlements in 11 municipalities of the Imereti region, 73 are located in the high-risk zone of landslide processes, 151 in the medium-risk zone, 152 in the low-risk zone, and 168 settlements belong to the non-hazardous zone; In the study region, there was an extreme activation of landslides in those years when the quantitative indicator of atmospheric precipitation significantly exceeded the multi-year average, especially in the amount and frequency of precipitation. It is necessary to conduct geomonitoring in all settlements of the study region in the future, regardless of the hazard risk; it is desirable that in the near future (2-3 years) all settlements and the land plots and infrastructure within their area be assessed, on the basis of which appropriate specialized maps should be created for individual municipalities and communities according to hazard risk;
Prof. Anil Kumar Sharma
Background Rural women often face barriers in accessing health information due to limited literacy, lack of resources, and inadequate awareness. Digital health literacy (DHL) can empower women to seek reliable health information, improve self-care practices, and enhance health outcomes. Objective To assess the effect of a digital health literacy program on self-care practices among rural women. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 100 rural women in selected villages of Agra district, Uttar Pradesh. Participants were selected using purposive sampling and divided into experimental (n=50) and control (n=50) groups. A structured questionnaire on digital health literacy and a self-care practice checklist were used for data collection. The experimental group received a four-week digital health literacy program covering nutrition, personal hygiene, maternal-child health, menstrual hygiene, and common illnesses using mobile applications, WhatsApp videos, and tele-health counseling. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (paired t-test, independent t-test, chi-square test). Results Pre-test scores revealed poor digital health literacy and low self-care practices in both groups. Post-intervention, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in digital health literacy (mean score: 12.8 → 24.3; p<0.001) and self-care practices (mean score: 15.1 → 28.6; p<0.001), while the control group showed no significant change. A positive correlation was found between digital health literacy and self-care practices (r=0.72, p<0.01). Conclusion The digital health literacy program significantly improved self-care practices among rural women. Incorporating digital health literacy interventions in rural health programs can empower women, bridge health inequities, and enhance community health outcomes.
Gospel Uchechukwu Collins, Henry Ajulor Amadi-Ikpa, Ibinabo Fubara Bob-Manuel
With increasing numbers of women delaying childbearing, age-related declines in fertility have become a significant concern, often necessitating the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Although ART has enabled many individuals and couples to achieve pregnancy, evidence shows that conceptions through ART carry higher risks of adverse outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of female aging on reproductive outcomes in ART cycles, comparing outcomes between autologous and donor oocytes across different age groups. A retrospective design was employed, using medical records from two fertility clinics in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Data on age, weight, number of oocytes retrieved, embryo quality, and IVF cycle outcomes were analyzed, and the Chi-square test was used to examine associations between variables. Among 120 donor oocyte cycles, the highest positive IVF outcomes were observed in women aged 36–39 years (n = 11, 52.38%), followed by those aged 31–35 years (n = 10, 50%), 40–44 years (n = 11, 31.43%), ≤30 years (n = 9, 39.13%), and ≥45 years (n = 5, 23.81%). In the 120 autologous cycles, success rates declined progressively with age: ≤30 years (n = 15, 55.56%), 31–35 years (n = 10, 42.67%), 36–39 years (n = 6, 25%), 40–44 years (n = 2, 8.33%), and ≥45 years (n = 0, 0%). Chi-square analysis demonstrated a significant association between age and IVF outcome in autologous cycles, whereas no significant association was observed in donor cycles. These findings highlight the influence of maternal age on IVF success when using autologous oocytes and underscore the ability of donor oocytes to mitigate age-related declines in reproductive potential.
Iin Susilawati, Syahief Ariega, Ujang Hidayat Tanuwiria
This study aims to evaluate the effects of different ratios of corn stover and pineapple peel waste on pH, lactic acid content, ammonia concentration, and changes in organic matter (OM) of silage as indicators of fermentation quality. The research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: P1 (90% corn stover + 10% pineapple peel), P2 (80% + 20%), P3 (70% + 30%), and P4 (60% + 40%), each with five replications. The ensiling process lasted for 22 days under anaerobic conditions with the addition of 4% molasses. The results showed that variations in ingredient composition did not have a significant effect on pH, lactic acid content, or OM changes, but they had a significant effect on ammonia levels. The pH values ranged from 3.69 to 4.06, indicating stable fermentation. Lactic acid concentrations ranged from 1.30% to 1.46%, which is within the acceptable range for good-quality silage. Ammonia levels decreased as the proportion of pineapple peel increased, with the best results observed in P3 and P4, indicating lower protein degradation during fermentation. Changes in OM were relatively small across all treatments, reflecting consistent nutrient conservation efficiency. Overall, the combination of corn stover and pineapple peel waste was able to produce silage with good fermentation quality, with P3 and P4 providing the most optimal performance in reducing ammonia formation and maintaining organic matter integrity.
Iin Susilawati, Putri Ayu Winenggar, Ujang Hidayat Tanuwiria
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of corn stover and red calliandra ratios on pH, lactic acid, ammonia, and organic matter (OM) change of silage. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with four treatments and five replications, consisting of P1 (90% corn stover + 10% red calliandra), P2 (80% corn stover + 20% red calliandra), P3 (70% corn stover + 30% red calliandra), P4 (60% corn stover + 40% red calliandra). All data were analyzed using analysis of varians (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. The observed variables included pH, lactic acid, ammonia, and changes in silage organic matter. The results showed that the ratios of corn stover and red calliandra had no significant effect on pH, lactic acid, ammonia or changes in silage organic matter (p > 0,05). The best treatment was obtained in P1 (90% corn stover + 10% red calliandra), which produced the lowest pH (4,07), the lowest ammonia level (4,68%), and the smallest organic matter loss (-0,35%), indicating slightly more efficient fermentation. It can be concluded that the combination of corn stover and red calliandra produces silage with relatively uniform chemical quality, while the ratio of 90% corn stover and 10% red calliandra tends to provide the most optimal fermentation outcome.
Aruma Delgado-Frugoni, Daniel David Álamo-Arce, María Sandra Marrero-Morales, Marlene García-Quintana, Raquel Medina-Ramírez
Background: Concussion is defined as a condition that results in temporary alterations in brain function. The treatment is focused on those dysfunctions or diseases related to the vestibular system and/or the vestibular nuclei. The main objective of this study is to evaluate if vestibular rehabilitation is effective in the treatment of concussions. Methods: A systematic review of different biomedical databases was conducted, with the use of the keywords to form the final equation. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the following criteria for selection were included: randomized clinical trials, written in Spanish or English, which included patients of all ages, without differing in the severity of the concussion. Finally, the PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine scale (OCEBM) was used to evaluate the level of scientific evidence. Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, five articles were finally selected for this study. According to the PEDro scale, the following values were obtained: 1 article with an excellent score and 4 articles with a good score. The OCEBM scale shows a level of evidence 1b and a grade of recommendation A. Conclusions: The studies analyzed indicate improvements, reduction in recovery time and safe intervention in favor of the vestibular group. The limited scientific literature on this topic should be noted. Funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or non-profit sectors.
Aderotimi Tobi Michael, Gbadamosi Oluyemi K, Olanipekun Olamide Samuel
This study was carried out to assess the dietary effects of freshwater microalga, Spirulina platensis on the growth performance and nutrient utilisation in Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio fingerlings raised in aquaponic system with fluted pumpkins. Five feeds were formulated with different inclusion levels of spirulina at 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% each in diet 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 denoted as T1(Control), T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively to replace soybean meal respectively. One hundred and fifty Koi carp, C. carpio fingerlings (2.35g±0.05) were stocked in the aquaponics system and fed with commercial fish feed for 56days.The experiment were replicated with three tanks per replicate. Fish biological performance during the experiment was measured based on growth performance and nutrient utilization. The growth of the leafy vegetable was measured, and inferential statistics were done using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare the growth performance and nutrient utilization of fish at 95% level of confidence and 0.05 level of significance. The study found that the water quality, as well as the fish performance in the system were all within the recommended limits and appreciable performance respectively. ANOVA result showed a statistically significant difference among the inclusion levels of the microalgae. The result showed that were significant differences (P<0.05) in the growth and nutrient utilization parameters with treatment 4 with 75% spirulina inclusion having the best protein efficiency ratio, feed conversion and feed efficiency ratios. The study concluded that microalgae and Fluted pumpkins have better production performance and growth performance in aquaponic system thus, integration of Fluted Pumpkin and C. carpio in aquaponics system has the potential of adding more to the benefits of the system in terms of productivity.
Dr. Ephraim Kaang'andu Belemu
Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) have emerged as significant instruments for promoting sustainable tourism and regional integration in Southern Africa. However, the effects of TFCA public tourism policies on destination marketing and management remain insufficiently understood, particularly from the perspective of private sector stakeholders. This research gap persists despite the critical role of private sector operators in delivering destination brand promises and managing competitive tourism experiences. This study investigated the impact of TFCA public tourism policies on destination marketing and management in Zambia's Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) TFCA, employing a critical realist (CR) philosophical framework combined with grounded theory and retroductive analysis. A qualitatively driven case study was conducted in the Livingstone tourism development area, collecting data from 30 private-sector stakeholders through semi-structured interviews and strategic document analysis. Data analysis utilised grounded theory for theory building, thematic analysis for pattern identification, and retroduction to uncover underlying causal mechanisms. The findings reveal that TFCA policies significantly impact destination marketing and management through four underlying mechanisms: power dynamics, institutional inertia, resource constraints, and limited stakeholder engagement. These mechanisms operate on deep structures—including existing policy frameworks, economic systems, and social norms—to produce observable outcomes such as stakeholder conflicts, resistance to change, inequitable benefit distribution, limited infrastructure development, and inefficient policy implementation. The study contributes a context-specific framework for private sector involvement in TFCA public tourism policy-making and strategic agenda-setting. Theoretical contributions include advancing the application of critical realism in tourism policy research beyond its traditional positivist and interpretivist foundations, and demonstrating the utility of mechanism-based explanations for understanding complex multi-stakeholder policy environments. Practical implications emphasise the necessity of collaborative governance, context-sensitive policies, enhanced stakeholder engagement, and adaptive management strategies for successful TFCA implementation and sustainability.
Agu, F. A, Anyaene H. I, Chukwuezie, O. C, Edeani N. J
The main aim of the study was to analyze the drying process utilizing the thin-layer models suggested by Lewis, Page, and Henderson and Pabis. The guava fruit was meticulously prepared and subsequently diced into small pieces measuring 0.4 cm, 0.6 cm, and 0.8 cm for the drying process. Three distinct temperatures—60°C, 70°C, and 80°C—were employed during this drying session. The graph of moisture ratio against time showed the falling rate period. It was observed that drying temperature and slice thickness had effect on the rate of drying. A three-model statistical analysis was crucial to guarantee the reproducibility of the drying behavior. In all temperature ranges analyzed, the page model consistently offered the most compelling explanation for the drying process of guava fruit with highest value of R2 was 0.9898, RMSE of 0.03077 and SSE value of 0.009466 at drying temperature of 80oC and slice thickness of 0.6cm.
Maroua AKRIMI
This article examines how students perceive hybrid learning environments in higher education and which factors influence their engagement, motivation, and sense of belonging. The originality of this study lies in its qualitative approach focused on students’ experiences and its exploration of the specific context of higher education in Tunisia, integrating the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions of engagement. Thirteen semi-structured interviews,were conducted with master’s students at ISCAE Manouba and ENIT Tunis. The results highlight that the effectiveness of hybrid learning relies on a balance between flexibility and pedagogical interactions: distance learning promotes autonomy and personal organization, while face-to-face sessions support group dynamics and learning consistency. Intrinsic motivation, content quality, and sense of belonging emerge as key drivers of engagement. This study enriches the existing literature by identifying often overlooked contextual variables, such as content design, pedagogical stance, and temporal regulation. Practically, it provides The recommendations aim to optimize hybrid learning environments by fostering social interaction, reducing isolation, and providing valuable insights to guide pedagogical interventions.
Firman Hadi Sukma Pratama, Hakkun Elmunsyah, Siti Sendari
Data integrity is essential to credible scientific research, yet practices such as data cleaning can lead to ethical concerns when conducted without clear methodological justification. This paper examines the ethical limits of data cleaning by reviewing common data issues, valid cleaning techniques, and the risks of manipulation that may compromise research validity. Using a qualitative literature review, the study finds that data cleaning is ethically acceptable only when supported by statistical reasoning, transparent documentation, and reproducible procedures. In contrast, removing or altering data to reinforce hypotheses or improve results constitutes manipulation and violates research ethics. The failure to distinguish these practices risks misinformation, weakened knowledge development, and diminished academic credibility. The findings underscore the need for strict data integrity practices across all research environments.
Dr. Meenakshi Katyal, Ms. Neeru Malik
This study explores the utilization of the decoy effect as a marketing strategy within the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector, focusing on the ethical questions it raises. The decoy effect capitalizes on consumers' cognitive biases by introducing a third product option designed to shift preferences toward a targeted choice without restricting options. Reviewing prior behavioral and neuroscientific research reveals that such tactics effectively shape purchasing behavior and foster brand loyalty. However, potential ethical issues arise, notably the reduction of consumer autonomy and transparency concerns, especially for vulnerable customers. The paper contends that while the decoy effect boosts sales and profits, it is essential to balance these advantages with ethical responsibilities. Through an integrative review of empirical evidence and theoretical insights, the study outlines how marketers can responsibly apply decoy strategies in ways that respect consumers as autonomous decision-makers rather than mere targets for persuasion. Recommendations encourage transparency, fairness, and placing consumer welfare at the forefront to build trust and sustain long-term relationships. Ultimately, responsible application, supported by ongoing research and regulation, can harmonize marketing efficiency with consumer rights, benefiting both businesses and buyers. The paper concludes by advocating ongoing research and the development of regulatory frameworks to ensure that the decoy effect’s use aligns not only with marketing goals but also with consumer rights, ultimately benefiting both businesses and shoppers alike.
Egbue, Constance Ifeyinwa, Gloria Nwakego Chukwuemeka, Ogunbadejo, Samuel Idowu, Onwugbufor Josephine Oluchi
This work investigates the Evaluation of social media in Youth Mobilization for Political Participation. A Study of UNIZIK Students in 2023 General Elections.The study aims to identify prevalent social media platforms, evaluate their dominance in political mobilization, assess the effectiveness of social media for youth mobilization, and discern the impact on youth participation. The work anchored on Agenda setting theory as a theoretical framework, utilized Taro Yamane's formula, to get a sample of 400 students drawn from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Analysis of social media effectiveness indicated a general agreement among respondents on the platform's efficacy for mobilizing youths. The impact analysis showed that social media, particularly Twitter, played a significant role in making youths more politically active during the elections. The study therefore underscores the pivotal role of social media, particularly Twitter, in mobilizing and engaging youth during the elections. The findings contribute valuable insights to the broader discourse on the intersection of social media and political participation among youth.
Bhimsen Panda, Ramakanta Mohalik
The quality teaching learning depends on how students are actively engaged in the learning process. Science classes should always create a spark among students and motivate them to think critically and design creatively. This review paper synthesizes findings from 51 research studies that includes 30 international studies and 21 national studies on experiential learning. The study specifically explores the impact of experiential learning on the development of HOTS, Scientific temper among the secondary students in science. Some selective studies are also taken from other subjects. The study has structured around five essential themes emerged from the reviewed literatures; the concept of experiential learning, its impact on the effectiveness of science teaching learning, its effectiveness in the development of HOTS as well as scientific temper among students & its effectiveness in other subjects. The critical analysis reveals positive outcomes in the science learning following experiential learning approach though there are significant obstacles in implementing this approach in all schools and for all students, The study establishes a foundation for understanding how direct, hands-on engagement with scientific concepts can lead to improved critical thinking and scientific curiosity, compared to traditional rote learning. The study concludes that experiential learning has a positive effect on the achievement of science in secondary stage and suggests for developing comprehensive strategy and lesson plan that can lead higher order thinking Skill and scientific temper development. Further studies need to be carried out on the effectiveness of experiential learning on the development of HOTS in aspects like creativity and evaluation as well as on Scientific temper in aspects like respect for evidence, honesty & integrity, perseverance, and scepticism among students as very few studies are there in these areas.
Dada Ayokunnumi Ebenezer, Dada Rotimi Williams
Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of postoperative care quality, particularly following abdominal surgeries, which remain common in Nigerian teaching hospitals. Inadequate management of postoperative pain contributes to delayed recovery and prolonged hospital stays. Despite the high frequency of abdominal surgeries, there is limited evidence on how to improve patient satisfaction, and many patients in Federal Teaching Hospitals in South-West Nigeria continue to report suboptimal satisfaction. Objective The study aimed to explore post-operative pain management strategies to enhance patients’ satisfaction after abdominal surgeries in selected Federal Teaching Hospitals in South-West Nigeria Methods A sequential exploratory mixed-methods design was used. The qualitative phase consisted of purposive interviews with twelve patients, while the quantitative phase involved 420 patients sampled from two hospitals. Data were obtained using semi-structured interviews and a validated questionnaire. Thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 5% significance level. Results Qualitative findings generated six themes related to pain experiences, satisfaction with pain management, coping strategies, and recommendations for improvement. Quantitatively, 88% of patients who received NSAIDs and 36% who used opioids reported higher satisfaction; although, 25% of patients remained dissatisfied due to severe postoperative pain. Significant associations (p < 0.05) were found between satisfaction and hospital setting (X² = 48.13), educational level (X² = 10.98), and combined pain management strategies (X² = 39.41). Conclusion The study concluded that multimodal pain management strategies significantly improve patients’ satisfaction after abdominal surgery. The study recommends that personalized, patient-centred and compassionate approaches to postoperative pain management to enhance recovery and overall satisfaction. Word Count: 260 words
Margie Y. Cagatcagat, Romeo G. Pabiona Jr
This qualitative study explored the initiatives undertaken by public elementary school heads in empowering teacher-leadership within the division of Malaybalay City during school year 2024–2025. Guided by transformational leadership theory, distributed leadership theory, and Moustakas’ transcendental phenomenological approach, the study examined how school heads cultivate teacher - leadership, the challenges they encounter, and the capacity-building needs necessary for sustaining empowerment. The research employed a qualitative phenomenological design to gain deep insights into the lived experiences of school heads. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), with validated interview and motive guide questions developed through expert consultation. Fourteen school heads were purposively selected based on their leadership experience and involvement in teacher development programs. Using Moustakas’ (1994) analytical framework—epoche, horizontalization, clustering of meaning units, and synthesis—the findings revealed three core themes: (1) strategic and relational delegation, where leadership roles were assigned intentionally to build teacher capacity and trust; (2) the power of affirmation, which emphasized recognition, inclusion, and emotional support; and (3) leading by example, where school heads modeled integrity, consistency, and commitment to inspire leadership. Challenges included low teacher self-efficacy, reluctance to lead, and systemic constraints such as limited resources. In response, participants advocated for holistic, values-based training and technical capacity-building programs to further empower teacher-leaders. This study affirms the pivotal role of school heads in building collaborative, inclusive, and resilient school cultures through intentional teacher empowerment. The findings contribute to leadership discourse and offer insights for policy-makers, education leaders, and future researchers aiming to strengthen teacher-leadership in the Philippine basic education context.
DR. Ebimene Singabele
Nigeria produces over two million barrels of crude oil daily, almost all of this crude oil is found in the Niger delta region of the country. Despite the huge revenue coming from crude oil to Nigeria, the Niger delta region is one of the least developed world-wide its and indigenes are among the poorest in Nigeria and in Africa. This is mainly because of loss of livelihood following crude oil spillage which pollutes both land used for farming and rivers used for fishing. This loss of livelihood coupled with neglect and underdevelopment of the Niger delta has provided the incentives for artisanal refining which is also known as illegal refining. The air is polluted from black soot which is formed from the artisanal refining of crude oil which involves primitive methods of refining crude. This has led to the development of respiratory tract illnesses, cancers and other health conditions in individuals living in the Niger delta region of Nigeria. There are currently a number of government interventions put in place to tackle the environmental degradation in the Niger-delta. Also a number of suggestions have been made to help mitigate the soot menace.
Mohamed Siraji Hassan, Phyllis Waruguru
Good nutrition is important for healthy development of children, especially within the first two years of life. At 6 months of age, children should be introduced to nutrition-adequate and safe complementary foods in addition to breastfeeding. Appropriate complementary feeding practices are important in reducing the incidence of malnutrition and improving the health and growth outcome of children. However, few children receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods in many countries, with low indicators of complementary feeding practices. The objectives of the review were to systematically investigate, review and integrate findings from different studies so as to determine factors affecting complementary feeding practices of children aged 6-23 months in developing countries. A literature search on factors affecting complementary feeding practices in developing countries was undertaken in PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies between 2014 and 2024. Twenty-five (25) studies were initially retrieved, with sixteen studies that met the study inclusion criteria chosen for data synthesis. Several factors were found to affect complementary feeding practices of children aged 6-23 months. These were; age of child, education level of mothers/caregivers, marital status of mother, occupation of mother, knowledge of caregiver, postnatal care, mothers’ decision-making role on use of family income, maternal beliefs, poverty/wealth status, household size, place of birth, accessibility to media and internet, support, and place of residence. Mothers with higher educational attainment were more likely to adopt appropriate feeding practices due to better access to information and decision-making skills. Similarly, families with greater financial resources could afford diverse and nutritious complementary foods, while access to postnatal care provided mothers with critical guidance on feeding practices. To improve complementary feeding practices, policies should focus on expanding maternal education initiatives, enhancing household economic empowerment, and integrating nutrition counseling into postnatal care services. Governments and health agencies need to invest in community-based programs and media campaigns that promote awareness and support for caregivers.
Agbo, Obinna Chijindu, Amazu, Chidiebube Sonia, Okeke, Chibuzor Sochima, Okeke, Miracle Chidiebere, Oluka, Chinwuba Benedict, Onuwa, Frankline Chidiebere, Udum, Henry Chinonso
Background: Equitable access to healthcare is a core principle of national health systems globally. However, individuals living in rural communities continue to face substantial informational, geographical, and financial barriers to primary health care (PHC) services. These barriers contribute to poorer health outcomes and widen rural–urban health disparities. Aim: This study assessed factors associated with access to PHC services and examined the influence of PHC access on tuberculosis (TB) awareness among adult women residing in rural communities in Orlu, Imo State. Methods: A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling approach to select the study area based on proximity, security, and accessibility. A simple random sampling technique was then used to recruit 430 women. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered through self-report and interviewer assistance, encoded using Open Data Kit (ODK), and analysed with SPSS version 28. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and chi-square tests were used, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Most respondents (60%) demonstrated poor knowledge or awareness of pulmonary TB. More than half (51%) reported poor to moderate health status, and 47% had poor access to PHC services. TB awareness/knowledge was significantly associated with educational level (p = 0.002), occupation (p = 0.020), and household room density (p = 0.002). However, TB awareness was not significantly associated with access to PHC services (p = 0.119). Conclusion: Despite limited TB awareness and restricted access to PHC services, women in these rural communities reported generally good perceived health status, suggesting notable resilience. The findings highlight the need for holistic, strengthened PHC systems that ensure equitable, accessible, and high-quality care for rural women, alongside targeted interventions to improve TB knowledge.
Agbo, Obinna Chijindu, Amazu, Chidiebube Sonia, Okeke, Chibuzor Sochima, Okeke, Miracle Chidiebere, Oluka, Chinwuba Benedict, Onuwa, Frankline Chidiebere, Udum, Henry Chinonso
Background: Equitable access to healthcare is a core principle of national health systems globally. However, individuals living in rural communities continue to face substantial informational, geographical, and financial barriers to primary health care (PHC) services. These barriers contribute to poorer health outcomes and widen rural–urban health disparities. Aim: This study assessed factors associated with access to PHC services and examined the influence of PHC access on tuberculosis (TB) awareness among adult women residing in rural communities in Orlu, Imo State. Methods: A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling approach to select the study area based on proximity, security, and accessibility. A simple random sampling technique was then used to recruit 430 women. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered through self-report and interviewer assistance, encoded using Open Data Kit (ODK), and analysed with SPSS version 28. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and chi-square tests were used, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Most respondents (60%) demonstrated poor knowledge or awareness of pulmonary TB. More than half (51%) reported poor to moderate health status, and 47% had poor access to PHC services. TB awareness/knowledge was significantly associated with educational level (p = 0.002), occupation (p = 0.020), and household room density (p = 0.002). However, TB awareness was not significantly associated with access to PHC services (p = 0.119). Conclusion: Despite limited TB awareness and restricted access to PHC services, women in these rural communities reported generally good perceived health status, suggesting notable resilience. The findings highlight the need for holistic, strengthened PHC systems that ensure equitable, accessible, and high-quality care for rural women, alongside targeted interventions to improve TB knowledge.
Arooshi Mogha, Dr Anjali Karolia
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Wangai Kiama, M Med (Path), Frcpath (ECSA)
Background: Accidental deaths are a significant public health concern in Nairobi, Kenya, with road traffic accidents (RTAs), burns, and drowning being the leading causes. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of accidental deaths in Nairobi, focusing on RTAs, burns, and drowning, identify vulnerable groups. Methods: A descriptive prospective study was conducted at the City Mortuary in Nairobi between June 1, 2009, and May 31, 2010. A total of 2,566 autopsies were performed during the study period, with 2,278 (88.8%) attributed to violent causes. The study focused on accidental fatalities, particularly RTAs, burns, drowning, and other causes. Results: RTAs were the primary cause of accidental deaths, accounting for 87.3% of all fatalities (929 cases). Among RTA victims, pedestrians (46.9%) and cyclists (25.2%) were the most affected. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant relationship between road user category and accident type (Chi-square = 984.1, p < 0.001). Other causes included burns (4.5%), drowning (4.0%), and falls (2.2%). ANOVA results showed significant differences in fatality rates among road user groups (F(3, 925) = 37.82, p < 0.001). Conclusion: RTAs, particularly those involving pedestrians and cyclists, are the leading cause of accidental deaths in Nairobi. Burns and drowning also remain significant public health concerns. Recommendations: To improve safety across various sectors, collaboration between government agencies, community organizations, and public health authorities is essential, including developing dedicated pedestrian and cyclist lanes, enhancing fire safety , promoting water safety ,upgrading emergency services and trauma care facilities.
Wangai Kiama, MMed (Path), Frcpath (ECSA)
Background: Violent deaths, including those resulting from accidents, homicides, and suicides, represent a significant public health issue worldwide. In Nairobi, Kenya, these deaths contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence and mechanisms of violent deaths in Nairobi, focusing on accidents, homicides, and suicides.. Methods: A descriptive prospective study conducted at the City Mortuary in Nairobi from June 1, 2009, to May 31, 2010, involved 2,566 autopsies, with 2,278 (88.8%) attributed to violent causes. Data were categorized into accidents, homicides, and suicides, Results: Accidents were the leading cause of violent death, with a prevalence rate of 28.8 per 100,000 populations, primarily driven by Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) (25.1 per 100,000). Homicides accounted for 43.5% of all violent deaths, with gunshot wounds (12.8 per 100,000) and blunt force injuries (12.3 per 100,000) as the dominant mechanisms. Suicide, while less common (9.8%), had a prevalence rate of 5.4 per 100,000, with hanging being the most frequent method (4.8 per 100,000). Chi-square and ANOVA analyses confirmed significant differences in the distribution of mechanisms within each category of violent death. Conclusion: Accidents and homicides are the leading causes of violent deaths in Nairobi, with road traffic accidents, gunshot wounds, and blunt force injuries being most common. Addressing road safety, enhancing law enforcement, and providing mental health support are urgent. Suicide prevention should specifically target the high prevalence of hanging as a method. Recommendations: Reducing violent deaths in Nairobi requires a multi-faceted approach: improve road safety through better infrastructure and enforcement, enhance homicide prevention with stricter firearm control and community policing, expand mental health services for suicide prevention, and develop data-driven policies. Collaboration between government, public health, and law enforcement is crucial.
Bala Balaguru, Danesh Khazaei, Hadi Khazaei, Josephine Nonye Ubah, Kaneez Abbas, Sahil Ameen
Medical imaging is important in clinical diagnosis and the individualized treatment of eye diseases. Ultrasound imaging is one of the most prominent technologies for evaluating the orientation, anomalies, and anatomical features of the eye and orbit. However, the interpretation of the data obtained from such studies is best left to expert physicians and technicians who are trained and well-versed in analyzing such images. This technology can provide high-resolution information regarding anatomic and functional changes. In recent years, imaging techniques have developed rapidly, along with therapeutic advances. However, with the increasing sophistication of imaging technology, comprehension and management of eye disease has become more complex due to the large numbers of images and findings that can be recorded for individual patients, as well as the hypotheses supported by these data. Thus, each patient has become a “big data” challenge. Conventional diagnostic methods depend greatly on physicians’ professional experience and knowledge, which can lead to a high rate of misdiagnosis and wastage of medical data. The new era of clinical diagnostics and therapeutics urgently requires intelligent tools to manage medical data safely and efficiently.
Aditi Kaushik, Apurv Kaushik, Richa Mor, Sapna Sharma, Sushila Kaura
Tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease and Frontotemporal Dementia, are caused by complex interactions between tau isoform imbalance, MAPT mutations, and harmful post-translational modifications. Despite significant breakthroughs, current human cellular models may not accurately reflect adult tau biology, limiting mechanistic knowledge and therapeutic translation. In this review, we draw on new knowledge from stem cell platforms, MAPT mutant mice models, and multi-omics investigations to identify important gaps and stakes in modeling tau pathology. Recent efforts using CRISPR-engineered human stem cell lines, NGN3-induced i3 neurons, and patient-derived iPSCs show great promise, but they consistently retain a fetal-like predominance of 3-repeat (3R) tau, limiting the ability to recapitulate adult 3R/4R tau ratios and age-associated tauopathy phenotypes. Organoid and multi-cell co-culture methods (such as RenVM and tri-cellular constructions) boost microenvironmental complexity, but are limited by developmental immaturity and variable tau isoform flipping. Complementary MAPT knock-in and transgenic mice models (e.g., P301L, P301S, V337M, S320F) provide robust in vivo mechanisms for tau misfolding, seeding, and propagation, while also revealing species-specific compensatory processes that differ from human neurodegeneration. At the molecular level, mass spectrometry based phosphoproteomics has revealed a coordinated network of tau post-translational modifications; phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination that converge on proline-rich and C-terminal regions to cause tau detachment from microtubules and aggregate. These findings highlight the necessity for integrated models that can capture both isoform regulation and combinatorial PTM landscapes. Together, these findings highlight a key translational gap that most human model systems fail to reach adult tau maturation, as animal models cannot fully mimic human-specific tau biology. We propose a paradigm that integrates sophisticated stem cell engineering, MAPT mutation-aligned mice models, and multi-omics profiling to create next-generation platforms for understanding tauopathy processes and accelerating therapeutics development.
Dr. Ranjit Singh, Meenakshi Mritunjay
This study explores the intertwined dynamics of financial inclusion and digital payment growth in shaping macroeconomic outcomes in India over the past decade. Using multivariate regression analysis on time-series data from 2015–16 to 2024–25, the research investigates the impact of the Digital Payment Index (DPI) and the number of Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) accounts on GDP per capita. Results reveal that financial inclusion, proxied by PMJDY account expansion, significantly contributes to GDP growth, affirming the role of foundational financial access in economic development. In contrast, the DPI—while reflecting exponential digital adoption—did not show a statistically significant short-term impact on GDP, suggesting a delayed or indirect influence of digital payments. The findings are situated within the frameworks of Endogenous Growth Theory, Financial Intermediation Theory, and the Inclusive Growth paradigm, offering critical insights into the policy design of India’s financial and digital infrastructure. The study underscores the importance of integrated policy strategies that bridge financial access with meaningful digital usage to realize inclusive, sustainable growth.
Dr Florence Itegi, Dr George Onyango, Dr Susan Thami Njau
Food safety practices in schools are critical for safeguarding student health, which directly influences academic performance. Foodborne illnesses disrupt schooling across Africa, but evidence is scarce on how everyday food safety practices affect attendance, teaching time, and learning outcomes. This mixed-methods study examined food safety practices in 19 public secondary schools across two contrasting Kenyan counties: urban Nairobi and semi-arid Kajiado. Using questionnaires completed by 247 participants (principals, teachers, and students) and interviews with county education officers, it was found that although 78% of schools sourced food from reliable suppliers, only 38% provided annual training for food handlers and 15% reported food poisoning incidents in the past year. These incidents led to an average 12% absenteeism rate and repeated lessons for affected students. Stronger food safety practices were significantly linked to higher attendance (r=0.68, p<0.01). Nairobi schools consistently outperformed Kajiado schools, largely due to water scarcity and limited resources in the rural county. This study provides the first direct evidence that poor food safety reduces instructional time and syllabus coverage in Kenyan schools. The study recommends mandatory annual food-handler training, regular health inspections, and targeted water infrastructure investment in rural areas to improve student health, attendance, and educational equity.
Jones K. Liwan
Indigenous communities have long depended on culturally rooted systems to manage disputes and sustain social harmony. This study examined the historical development of land conflict resolution in Liwon, Asipulo, Ifugao, focusing on traditional mechanisms, their transformation, and the cultural values that continue to guide community-based justice. Using a historical research design, data were collected through interviews with elders and supported by secondary sources. Findings revealed that land disputes were traditionally resolved through elder mediation, bultong or ritual wrestling, and uggub or dart ordeal, all of which emphasized ancestral authority, communal participation, and reconciliation. These mechanisms gradually changed after Asipulo became an independent municipality in 1992 and as cadastral surveys, land titling programs, and formal legal procedures were introduced. Ritual-based systems shifted from judicial use to cultural expression, while the tongtongan emerged as a hybrid process combining traditional dialogue with barangay-level legal requirements. Despite these transformations, values such as pihyew or moral restraint, binnaddang or collective cooperation, respect for elders, and the prioritization of harmony remain central to resolving conflicts. Future research may explore how other Indigenous communities adapt their conflict resolution systems amid changing legal and cultural environments.
Hesborn Chonge, Njeri Kiaritha, Ruth Okapi
The digital era has redefined human interaction, creating unprecedented avenues for connectivity while simultaneously amplifying experiences of social disconnection. This paper interrogates the paradox of digital intimacy, exploring how virtual connections, while seemingly boundless—can erode the quality of face-to-face relationships and deepen loneliness. Drawing from sociological, psychological, and communication theories, the study situates digital connectivity within the contexts of youth and urban dwellers, groups often at the epicenter of rapid technological adoption. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research highlighted three central dimensions; the quality of virtual versus physical connections, the psychological and emotional implications of sustained digital engagement, and the emerging cultural shift in defining intimacy. The findings revealed that while digital platforms create inclusivity and instant accessibility, they often resulted in fragile social bonds, reduced empathy, and a decline in sustained offline relationships. The paper concludes with recommendations for cultivating balanced digital-social ecosystems that foster authentic connectedness in a hyperconnected world.
Dr. N.N.J. Nawaratne Dean, S. P. S. Senanayake
The increasing urgency of climate change and global sustainability goals has prompted organizations to integrate environmentally responsible practices across all functions, including human resource management. Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) has emerged as a strategic approach to embedding ecological sustainability into HR functions such as recruitment, training, performance appraisal, and compensation. This study examines GHRM practices across eight leading licensed commercial banks in Sri Lanka Bank of Ceylon, People’s Bank, Commercial Bank of Ceylon, Sampath Bank, Hatton National Bank, Seylan Bank, DFCC Bank, and National Development Bank using a qualitative research methodology. A semi structured survey was distributed to senior HR managers, gathering data on the adoption of various GHRM practices, their perceived impact on sustainability outcomes (e.g., reduced paper usage, energy conservation, and cost efficiency), and organizational performance. The results reveal notable disparities between private and public sector banks in terms of GHRM adoption, with private banks exhibiting more advanced practices and better sustainability outcomes. The study contributes to the global GHRM discourse by providing empirical insights from the banking sector in Sri Lanka, offering practical implications for HR leaders and policymakers aiming to integrate sustainability into organizational strategy.
Dr. Ashokaditya P. Dhurandhar
The global iron ore market stands at a pivotal inflection point. While long-term steel-intensive infrastructure growth in emerging economies sustains underlying demand, near-term oversupply from Tier-1 producers and decelerating Chinese crude-steel output have created a pronounced supply overhang, exerting downward pressure on benchmark prices. India, the world’s fourth-largest producer, finds itself uniquely positioned: domestic steel capacity expansion to 500 Mtpa by 2047 will require an additional ~200 Mtpa of iron ore feedstock by mid-century, yet the sector remains hamstrung by legacy environmental liabilities, sub-optimal logistics and a historically fragmented governance framework. This paper synthesises the latest authoritative forecasts on global demand, production and pricing, with a deepened focus on the Simandou project’s transformative role in high-grade supply dynamics, Brazil’s Carajás mining complex and Australia’s Pilbara operations as benchmarks for integrated sustainability, before undertaking a critical examination of sustainability paradigms in Indian iron ore mining, with emphasis on future directional imperatives, quantifiable ESG metrics and their interplay with global green steel initiatives, including emerging technologies such as hydrogen direct reduced iron (H-DRI) and molten oxide electrolysis (MOE). Projections extend to 2050, revealing a polycentric demand surge offset by decarbonisation imperatives that could cap iron ore consumption at ~1.8 Bt despite steel output exceeding 2.5 Bt. Adopting an interdisciplinary lens that integrates resource economics, environmental management and strategic corporate governance, the analysis underscores the non-negotiable imperative of embedding ESG imperatives into core operational DNA if Indian producers are to retain competitive parity in an increasingly decarbonised global steel value chain.
Anand Bhargava, Noor Fatma, Tarushikha Shaktawat
In today’s design world sustainable fashion is the most trending and a developing design philosophy. It’s not only about reducing the carbon footprints but also to decrease the environmental impact of fashion manufacturing. Today, sustainability is engrained in every facet of creative industries, including the everchanging textiles and fashion domain. In past era Fast fashion used to be the major influence on fashion trends, which resulted in overconsumption, labour exploitation, and environmental hazard. Material heavily utilized includes synthetic fibres, ordinary cotton, hazardous chemicals which leads environmental pollution and started a vicious cycle of overconsumption of water and energy. The adverse impact of fast fashion practices in supply chain created a need for a discernible trend towards sustainable fashion. The above concerns ring the bells for the urgency to incorporate sustainability in fashion supply chain management practices. Hence, the paper establishes the four primary dimensions to categorically evaluate the various aspects of sustainability in fashion supply chain. Firstly, to mindfully choose the materials which are sustainable in nature. Secondly, to attain supply chain transparency at its maximum potential. Thirdly, ethical labour standards for social sustainability. Last but not the least responsible retailing and consumer habits. Going forward, sustainable fashion has become need of the day. Therefore it is reasonable to anticipate a continuous focus on the four primary dimensions as mentioned above. These dimensions can be achieved through, material innovation which includes the creation of novel environment friendly materials and technologies. Also the link between the changing sustainable fashion practices and their impact on consumer preferences in fashion industry is explored in this paper. Research also ventures into the mass production of fashion which disrupted localized production of pre-industrial era. The shift lead to the disruption of viable clothing practices, which eventually generated the need in modern times to implement the sustainable ways in current supply chain. The paper also discuss effect on the sustainability initiatives over the time by delving into the case studies. The goal of this research is to analyse the most prominent fashion supply chain practices and their overall impact on environmental aspects and carbon footprints. The paper focuses on four dimensions ‘the pillars’ towards fashion sustainability and their study over the time, from pre-industrial era to the contemporary times. This put forward the necessity of sustainable practices to derive a better understanding of appropriate future solutions.
Alla Abhiram, Bypuneni Chaitanya Krishna, G.S. Abhinav, Nenavathu Pranay, Vijaya J.
Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is a vital research area with applications in healthcare, security, and intelligent environments. This paper presents a hybrid framework that combines traditional feature engineering with deep learning to enhance HAR performance. It leverages the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HoG) for spatial feature extraction and Support Vector Machines (SVM) for structured classification. Additionally, Vision Transformers (ViT) and ResNet architectures are integrated to improve accuracy: ViT captures global dependencies through attention mechanisms, while ResNet enhances deep feature learning through skip connections. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach balances computational efficiency, interpretability, and high accuracy on large datasets.
Dentissa Putri, IGAA Noviekayati, Suhadianto.
Online impulsive shopping behavior among college students is a concern due to its relationship to financial well-being. This study aims to identify and categorize empirical research findings on the factors causing online impulsive shopping behavior among college students during the period 2015–2024, as well as to provide conceptual and practical recommendations for the development of relevant research and interventions. The method used was a systematic literature review following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The search was conducted in several databases. Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Science Direct and national portals such as Garuda and SINTA with inclusion criteria, namely peer-reviewed empirical articles (2015–2024), student samples, discussing the determinants of online impulsive shopping behavior and exclusion criteria, namely non-empirical articles, non - student population studies, and studies before 2015. 24 studies were found from a total of 242 study articles that met the inclusion criteria, which showed that there were three main categories of causal factors, namely internal factors (consumer characteristics: impulsivity traits, self-control, self-esteem, personality traits - Big Five), psychological factors ( hedonic motivation, emotional state, academic/financial stress), and external/technological factors (site/web characteristics, application design, discount promotions, live - stream commerce, social influence, recommendation/celebrity endorsement).
Achimugu Dickson Musa, Aliyu Haruna Sani, Amanabo Musa
Unregulated mining of precious metals has led to pollution in the environment and food chain, as well as outbreaks of poisoning in affected communities. However, there is limited evidence on the effect of heavy metals on the environment and health of communities in north-central Nigeria. This study investigated the comparative presence and concentration of some heavy metals, namely, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in various samples collected from water sources, soils, staple food cultivars, and blood samples of inhabitants around Kataeregi and Kurebe mining communities in Niger State, Nigeria. The samples were collected using standard methods and digested using a tri-acid mixture and concentration of heavy metals was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The analysis revealed the water and soil samples only showed exceeding levels in As, 0.017 mg/L; Hg, 0.014 mg/L; Pb, 0.004 mg/L; and As, 37.2 mg/kg, Cd, 6.7 mg/kg, and Hg, 1.1 mg/kg, respectively, in Kataeregi; and Cd, 0.023 mg/L; Hg, 0.012; and Hg, 0.315 mg/kg, respectively, in Kurebe. Heavy metal concentrations in staple food cultivars consumed at both mining sites were found to be within the permissible levels set by the WHO/FAO, except for As (1.72:1.82 mg/kg), Cd (0.41:0.09 mg/kg), Ni (0.41 mg/kg) and Hg (0.71 mg/kg) in cereals and vegetables from Kataeregi, and As (1.56 mg/kg), Hg (2.09 mg/kg), in legumes and Cd (0.43 mg/kg) in tubers from Kurebe. Also, significant elevations in the blood Pb, 11.2 µg/L; Hg, 11.1 µg/L; urea, 8.43 mmol/L and creatinine, 1.61 mg/dL and a decreased mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (67.1%, 9.8±2.3 g/dL, P<0.05) was observed in samples from Kataeregi. Attributing the compromised renal functioning and hematologic impairment to the accumulation of toxic heavy metals, as evident in the clinical manifestation of inhabitants in both mining sites. Alternative safe drinking water sources, continuously monitoring, sensitization and assessment on the potential health risks and profiles are highly advocated for in this community; additionally, nanobioremediation approaches are needed to clean up polluted farmlands and waters to reduce heavy metal contamination in the food chain and the associated health risks.
Alyanna Grace M. Valle, Danica S. Gordo, Erika Mae L. Revellame, Jan Jeric Guevarra, Michelle A. Em, Reinna Vianca R. Cabrera, Sheraine A. Cuevas
For the past decades of uprising fame of Korean Wave, the influence of it on student’s cultural identities is globally significant, particularly among Filipinos. The uprising influences of the Korean drama wave to the Philippines contributes to a disturbing change and fading of cultural identity of the Filipinos. This study investigates the influence of Korean dramas to the cultural identity of students in one private school. This study utilized a qualitative research design through interviews, specifically phenomenological, through the use of a validated interview questionnaire. With the increasing global popularity of K-dramas, this research examines how exposure to this form of media influences students' fashion, language, food preferences, and media consumption practices in relation to their own cultural identity. Through semi-structured interview, allowing an in-depth discussion of student’s perception about the influence of foreign media specifically K-drama, the study examines the extent to which K-dramas impact students' attitudes towards Filipino culture, their adoption of Korean cultural elements, and their negotiation of identity in a globalized world. Findings from this research provides insights into the complex interplay between media consumption and cultural identity formation among young Filipinos, contributing to a better understanding of the cultural dynamics in the context of globalization and media influence. Based on the study results, it reveals significant insights forming four central themes illustrating how exposure in Korean drama reshapes preferences in food, fashion, and daily habits of those who are exposed. This emphasized the negotiation of cultural identity as students incorporate foreign influences into their self-perception while still valuing their local identity.
Osaki Lawson-Jack
This study will deal with the essential weaknesses of traditional elastic models to predict wellbore instability that in most cases results in expensive drilling procedures. The aim of this study is to develop an integrated drilling geomechanics analysis using Poro-Elasto-Plastic finite elements and machine learning. The objectives are to, integrate drilling operations using a poro-elasto-plastic Finite Element Model; integrate drilling operations using machine learning algorithms. The analysis evolves a synthesized framework that combines a poro-elastoplastic Finite Element Model (FEM) and a Machine Learning (ML) to allow a dynamic and precise geomechanical analysis. A Drucker-Prager yield criterion has been used in the FEM to model the effects of plastic deformation and time-dependent effects of pore pressure around the wellbore in a realistic manner. Afterward, the ML surrogate models are trained using the outputs of the FEM in order to provide fast real-time predictions. Findings indicate that the hybrid model is able to properly measure the plastic yield zone and can give a dynamically updated safe mud weight window, which is much better than the traditional methods of doing so. The conclusion confirms that such integration forms a powerful digital twin, which allows making decisions in advance to increase the safety of drilling, streamline operations, and minimize non-productive time, thereby creating a new paradigm of wellbore stability management.
Ademola Joseph Adeyemo
This study investigates the strategic integration of HACCP principles with the ISO 22000 Food Safety Management System (FSMS) to enhance regulatory compliance and mitigate contamination risk. By harmonizing HACCP’s preventive, science-based methodology with ISO 22000’s comprehensive management structure, organizations achieve a unified system for proactive hazard identification, assessment, and control. The research emphasizes the role of digital enablement, specifically IoT/SCADA telemetry for real-time monitoring and an eQMS for automated workflows, in strengthening system rigor. Empirical analysis from multiple food manufacturing sites demonstrates significant, quantifiable results: average audit non-conformities were reduced by 45% and contamination events dropped by 38%. Furthermore, the average time to close corrective and preventive actions (CAPA) fell from 22 days to 9 days. The findings conclude that this integrated approach transforms food safety management from a fragmented compliance task into a predictive, data-driven process vital for global food supply chain resilience
Ahmad Amirul Shafiq Mohd, Leny Suzana Suddin, Nurhuda Ismail
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with Malaysia experiencing persistent mortality despite declining incidence rates. This study aimed to assess treatment adherence among patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) diagnosed and managed using traditional Direct-Observed Therapy (DOT) and Gamified-Reality-Video-Observed Therapy (GRVOTS) in public healthcare facilities. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five health clinics in Selangor and Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The participants included 142 patients with PTB aged between 18 and 64 years, matched by age and capable of smartphone use, with data sourced from the Tuberculosis Information System (TBIS) and an existing GRVOTS research team. Sociodemographic and treatment adherence data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods using IBM SPSS software version 28.0. Approximately 90.1% of patients in the GRVOTS group completed treatment compared with 83.3% in the DOT group, indicating significantly higher adherence to GRVOTS. Facility characteristics varied widely, from large urban clinics with robust digital infrastructure to smaller clinics with limited resources, highlighting the adaptability of GRVOTS across diverse settings. Overall, GRVOTS demonstrates potential as an effective and scalable adjunct to traditional TB treatment supervision, enhancing adherence and continuity of care across various healthcare settings. Thus, digital tuberculosis (TB) adherence solutions should match clinic capacity and patient demographics. Large clinics should implement comprehensive digital tools, whereas smaller facilities require simpler versions.
Amey Prayag, Parth Jadhav, Patrice Adlino, Pavan Pawar
The prevalence of sleep apnea has driven demand for low-cost, non-invasive, and continuous home-based monitoring systems. This research paper presents an AI-enabled IoT architecture integrating wearable sensors, ESP32 microcontroller processing, and cloud-based analytics for real-time detection of apnea events. The system monitors physiological parameters including SpO2, heart rate, respiratory rate, and body movement. Machine learning models such as SVM, Random Forest, CNN, and LSTM enhance detection accuracy. Findings demonstrate 93% accuracy and 94% sensitivity, validating the effectiveness of the system as a scalable alternative to clinical polysomnography.
Francis Simui, Joe Likando, Kelvin Kashindi
Processes by nature are affected by variation, either chronic or sporadic, which hinder them from consistently producing desirable outcomes relative to specifications. Existing research has rarely utilised analytical tools that quantify variation and capability within the constituency development fund process (CDF). They rely on qualitative or descriptive assessments, which do not capture the extent to which variability contributes to process delays. The study aimed at demonstrating how integrated capability metrics provide objective, quantifiable measures of process variation to capture the extent to which it contributes to process capability. For example, the use of descriptive statistics on selected projects revealed differences in mean, standard deviation and sigma levels that could not be captured by qualitative or descriptive assessment. The study used a quantitative-descriptive research design. Data were gotten from the Value Stream Map developed for CDF process for project approval and funding. Data analysis was done descriptively through Median, and Inter Quartile Range (IQR) to capture variation and its impact on process capability and funding. Key Result(s): while qualitative or descriptive assessment provide subjective impressions of process performance, it fails to capture the magnitude, distribution and implication of variability on process capability. The differences in median (14) and IQR (21), indicates high variability. Hence, the process is unstable and unpredictable, leading to delayed project implementation, under-utilization or late utilization of funds. Recommendation: There is need to prioritize and improve data collection and record keeping to stabilize the process and enable better forecasting and capability monitoring. Conclusion: Improving process stability should be the first step before meaningful capability analysis can be performed.
Dr. Aditi Sirsat, Dr. Sachin Jadhav
background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic endocrine–metabolic disorder marked by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and insulin resistance. Integrative approaches combining classical Ayurveda with modern biomedical therapy are frequently used in India, yet systematically documented real-world outcomes remain scarce. Objective: To document longitudinal menstrual, metabolic, and reproductive outcomes in a woman with PCOS following an integrative Ayurvedic–biomedical therapeutic regimen. Methods: An N-of-1, eight-month prospective observational study was conducted on a 25-year-old woman with ultrasound-confirmed PCOS. Therapy included metformin and myo-inositol along with classical Ayurvedic formulations targeting Kapha–Vata Dushti, Agnimandya, and Srotorodha. Outcomes included menstrual cyclicity, ultrasound-based ovulation tracking, serial haemoglobin trends, symptomatic changes, and conception status. All biomedical safety parameters (LFT, KFT) were monitored. Results: Menstrual cycles gradually normalized (from >45 days to 28–32 days). Ovulation was confirmed by follicular ultrasound. Haemoglobin increased from 7.3 g/dL to 10.2 g/dL over the observation period. A spontaneous conception occurred in January 2025. Safety parameters remained within normal limits. Causality cannot be inferred due to concurrent biomedical therapy and absence of hormonal markers. Conclusion: Integrative care in this single-subject study was associated with improved cycle regularity, ovulatory function, hematological restoration, and conception. Controlled trials with standardized protocols are required to evaluate efficacy and mechanisms.
Dr. Manoj Kumar, Shaneelahi
Mosquito-borne infections remain critical global health challenges in tropical regions. Culex vishnui is recognized as a principal vector of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) across Asia. The present study integrates morphological and molecular tools to classify C. vishnui larvae from varied ecological habitats in Uttar Pradesh, India. Larvae were collected from rice fields, ponds, marshes, and drains during post-monsoon months. Environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, and conductivity were recorded at each site. Morphological identification followed standard keys by Bram and Harbach, while COI gene sequencing confirmed species identity. Results revealed highest larval density in rice fields and minimal density in drains. A clear inverse correlation was observed between electrical conductivity and larval abundance. Molecular analysis indicated 99.2–99.8 % COI similarity with C. vishnui sequences in GenBank. Comparative evaluation with literature from 2018– 2025 supported these findings and confirmed ecological consistency across Asian landscapes. The integrative methodology established morphological–molecular coherence, improving accuracy in vector taxonomy and providing valuable insight for Japanese Encephalitis control programs.
Dr. Manoj Kumar, Shaneelahi
Mosquito-borne infections remain critical global health challenges in tropical regions. Culex vishnui is recognized as a principal vector of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) across Asia. The present study integrates morphological and molecular tools to classify C. vishnui larvae from varied ecological habitats in Uttar Pradesh, India. Larvae were collected from rice fields, ponds, marshes, and drains during post-monsoon months. Environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, and conductivity were recorded at each site. Morphological identification followed standard keys by Bram and Harbach, while COI gene sequencing confirmed species identity. Results revealed highest larval density in rice fields and minimal density in drains. A clear inverse correlation was observed between electrical conductivity and larval abundance. Molecular analysis indicated 99.2–99.8 % COI similarity with C. vishnui sequences in GenBank. Comparative evaluation with literature from 2018– 2025 supported these findings and confirmed ecological consistency across Asian landscapes. The integrative methodology established morphological–molecular coherence, improving accuracy in vector taxonomy and providing valuable insight for Japanese Encephalitis control programs.
Felicitas C. Aquino, Jeannette C. Fabian, Myrna D. Matira, Sherwin B. Toriano
The complexity of Blastocystis morphology, its presence in various insect vectors, and the need for accurate detection methods warrant further research. This comparative, cross-sectional study aimed to detect Blastocystis species in domestic insect vectors, including Periplaneta americana (cockroach), Musca domestica (housefly), and Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly). The study also evaluated the effectiveness of various staining techniques, namely Acid Fast staining, Gram staining, Methylene blue wet mount, and Direct smear using Lugol's solution, for differential enumeration and morphologic assessment of Blastocystis cysts. The results showed that Blastocystis cysts were recovered from Periplaneta americana and Musca domestica. Notably, Methylene blue and Lugol's Iodine in Direct smear yielded higher morphologic scores, suggesting that these staining methods may be more effective for visualizing Blastocystis cysts in insect vectors.
Dr. Nishshanka Abeyrathna
This research critically examines Karman Kuttu, a distinctive ritual drama tradition performed by the Tamil Hindu community in Kon Kodiyawa village, located in the Nuwara Eliya District of Sri Lanka. Deeply rooted in the region’s intangible cultural heritage, Karman Kuttu functions as both a sacred offering and a vital mode of performance tradition within local temple festivals. Utilizing an ethnographic study approach, the research incorporates field observations, participant interviews, and photographic documentation to explore the narrative, musical elements, costumes, and symbolic meanings integral to the performance. This study not only documents the performative elements of Karman Kuttu but also evaluates its cultural significance and sustainability challenges within contemporary socio-economic conditions. This research advocates for enhanced cultural preservation efforts to safeguard Karman Kuttu and underscores its significance in representing Sri Lanka’s diverse cultural and religious identities.
Elizabeth Namonje
A clear understanding of the knowledge of a particular community can inform the design of health promotion and health education strategies. Research to clearly assess the level of knowledge on malaria control strategies has not been sufficiently done in some areas such as Chainda compound in Lusaka District. In this regard, descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted in Chainda compound. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaire covering 120 households while qualitative data was collected through focus group discussions (FGDs). Quantitative data were double entered using MS-Excel 2010. Data was then transferred to SPSS version 20 and STATA version 13 were used for statistical analysis and graphical presentations. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic approach. Findings revealed that Seven percent (7%) of respondents had medium knowledge about malaria prevention and control, (Mean score = 10.82 points, SD = 3.85). Respondents do recognize the threat posed by malaria as most 102(85.4%) agreed with the statement: I think that malaria is a serious and life-threatening disease. Sleeping under an ITN was the most 99(82.1%) prevalent method of malaria prevention and control followed by IRS 60(50.4%). Despite the high prevalence of ITNs, a FGD with CHWs revealed that many community members did not have ITNs. All the three FGDs conducted revealed that people are not being sensitized on IRS; as a result, some community members do not accept that their houses be sprayed. This research concludes that most people had fair knowledge about malaria prevention and control. Majority of respondents recognized malaria as a threat to their lives in the community. Among others, this research recommends that Ministry of health in their communication about malaria prevention and control should employ a combination of channels from the radio, posters at health centres and other community locations.
Sahidaini, Ferdie Ann S.
The primary goal of the study was to determine the common leadership styles and levels of leadership competence that respondents' school heads demonstrated in their work environments. Additionally, this sought to determine the school performance in national achievement test results and provide answers if school heads leadership styles and competence significantly influence schools’ performance. This study employed a descriptive-quantitative research design, modified and adapted survey questionnaire was used in evaluating the data. It utilized a cluster random sampling technique. The findings showed that transformational leadership got the highest frequency, task and assignment management competency had the highest overall mean, while influence of school head leadership style and competency is not significant. It was concluded that the common leadership style used by the school heads was transformational leadership according to the teacher respondents where it enables them to innovate and bring about change within a particular school organization. It was determined that outside the leadership competency of the school heads in operational schools are needed to be taken into account in order to deliver a favorable percentage rating. It was determined that while school heads' leadership styles and competence were not a direct predictor of school success which are essential components in the relationship between their leadership styles and NAT performance. It was recommended, before implementing leadership styles appropriate in the different workplaces, school heads should take into account their working environment and have a thorough understanding of their personnel. to prevent disputes between employees and subordinates.
Chege Patricia, Manyeki John Kibara, Ogillo Bryan, Okoth Felix Odiwuor, Rop Daniel, Saidimu Wilfred
High health-related mortality has frequently been reported as the major impediment to cattle production. This article aims at investigating the vital infectious diseases and non-infectious factors that account for the majority of deaths, which is crucial in determining mortality control strategies. The study applies the Kaplan–Meier method in estimation mortality rate and truncated regression analysis to illuminate the influencing factors using eight-year retrospective data spanning from 2014 to 2022. The results indicate infectious diseases as the most important cause of cattle mortality. The mean annual mortality rates are higher and the pre-weaning cattle mortality appeared to be one of the major constraints hampering the development of replacement herds. The risk factors considered for high mortality were the age and sex of the calves. The infectious diseases identified as the important predictors of cattle mortality included bacterial, parasitic, and non-specific, while the non-infectious conditions included malnutrition, predation, shock, and traumatic injuries. The analysis provided an improved insight into animal-health-related factors, which once addressed could reduce mortality and hence optimize animal husbandry performance. Interventions in cattle health, and husbandry are recommended to control pre-weaning calve mortality. A comprehensive approaches integrating animal health with other aspects of cattle farming, such as proper feeding for a holistic and sustainable system is recommended.
Dr Akriti Jaiswal, Niharika Gupta, Prof Ram Milan
This paper aims to explore a new trend known as loud quitting, a modern method to show dissatisfaction publicly on social media platforms. It looks at the forces that lead to disengagement, such as psychological contract violations and perceived organisational injustice. This disengagement leads to an open and visible act of expression, called loud quitting, which impacts the reputation and trust in the organisation. The study provides a framework for understanding the relationship between disengagement and loud quitting, which is moderated by social media-based impression management, drawing on Social Exchange Theory, Psychological Contract Theory, and Impression Management Theory. It highlights how online voice and self-presentation shape disengagement in current times.
Asogwa T.C., Okafor Adanna P
In recent years, botnet attacks have emerged as one of the most prevalent and sophisticated cybersecurity threats, exploiting network vulnerabilities to compromise system integrity, confidentiality, and availability. Traditional security mechanisms, such as signature-based intrusion detection systems, struggle to keep pace with the dynamic and evolving nature of these threats. This study presents a machine learning-based approach for real-time detection of botnet activities within wireless network infrastructures. Using the Kaggle Malware Traffic Analysis Knowledge Dataset (MTA-KDD’19) and the dataset underwent preprocessing procedures including data cleaning, normalization, transformation, and class balancing using SMOTE. Three machine learning algorithms such as Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which were implemented and evaluated based on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score where the experimental results revealed that the Random Forest classifier achieved the highest performance accuracy of 99.93%, outperforming the Decision Tree and Neural Network models. The findings demonstrate that Random Forest provides superior generalization and robustness in classifying malicious and benign network traffic. The study concludes that machine learning models, particularly ensemble methods, can significantly enhance proactive threat detection and serve as a foundation for real-time cyber defence systems against botnet attacks.
Om Sathe
I remember the first time I saw an AI agent go off the rails during a demo at the ISBM College Hackathon—it was supposed to handle a simple refund process but ended up “approving” a fake transaction because it lost track midway through the chat. Moments like that highlight the real issue: as Generative AI shifts from just chatting to actually acting in the world with “Agentic” systems, enterprises face this weird reliability crunch. LLMs are amazing at reasoning, sure, but they’re plagued by this shaky unpredictability I call “Logic Drift”—basically, they start veering away from the rules as conversations drag on. That’s why, in this work, I put together “LogicGuard,” a neurosymbolic setup aimed at fixing these slip-ups. It basically layers a solid, rule-based checker around the fuzzy AI brain, using Linear Temporal Logic on Finite Traces (LTLf) to keep things in line. We turn everyday procedure docs into these neat Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) machines that enforce the rules no matter what. The whole thing breaks down into three parts: a compiler for the rules, a prober to link words to logic symbols, and a gatekeeper that says yes or no to actions. Testing it out in finance, auth, and logistics scenarios, Logic-Guard held steady at about 95% reliability on those marathon tasks where plain agents tanked to under 50%. It edged out four other safety tools by roughly double in handling tricky attacks. That said, we still hit a 5% snag from fuzzy symbol match-ing—I’ll dive into ablations to break down that neurosymbolic headache.
Dr. Pooja Talwar
With the aim of promoting innovation and facilitating investment for the establishment ofrobust industrial infrastructure, Make in India, initiative led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, aims to revolutionize the Indian economy and establish it as a global manufacturing center. Launched on September 25th, 2014, we can proudly say this initiative has completed ten years and has become a successful and powerful movement, marked as a crucial step in nation-building. Key objectives of Make in India initiative include fostering a business-friendly environment, encouraging domestic, foreign investment, strengthening the manufacturing base in targeted sectors, and ensuring environmentally sustainable economy , through public-private partnership . In a very short span of time , results were visible in the areas of foreign direct investment, joint ventures and promotion of ease of doing business. The scheme focused on accelerating economic growth, as the mission to achieve global competitiveness and make the fastest-growing economy. The prominent sectors targeted include automobiles, aviation, tourism, hospitality, and the manufacturing sector. Make in India became a collaborative effort among various stakeholders – the manufacturing sector as well as the Department of Commerce under Ministry of Commerce and domestic and foreign Industry. All this happened as the focus was on new processes, new infrastructure, new sectors, new policy initiatives and a new mindset which are known as the pillars of Make in India. These initiatives have resulted in developing comprehensive and integrated industrial ecosystem. Efforts have also been focused on developing indigenous raw materials to replace imports. The aim is to create a long-term, sustainable ecosystem with new ideas and design and development in manufacturing. The result of these initiatives will be the growth of Indian-origin products, supported by foreign investment, which will flourish globally. Not only will this reduce the import dependency, but it will also increase exports, resulting in the overall growth of the economy and a self-reliant Viksit Bharat.
Enijuni, Anthony Tola (Ph.D), Ogunleye, Funmilola Mary (Ph.D)
This study investigated the relationship between mentoring skills and career progression of business educators in colleges of education in South-West, Nigeria. To guide the study four research questions were raised and four hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted correlational survey research design. A population of 122 business educators was used for the study which also served as sample of the study. The research instrument used was a structured questionnaire titled “Mentoring skills and Career Progression Questionnaire (TWCDQ). The questionnaire was segmented into two parts. Part A and B. Part A consisted of the demographic variables of the respondents such as ownership of colleges of education and sex. Part B was grouped into sub-section 1 and 2 that measured the relevant variables of business educators’ mentoring skills and career progression. Cronbach Alpha statistics was used to determine the reliability of the instrument which yielded a coefficient of 0.73 and 0.75 for mentoring skills and career progression respectively. The instrument was validated by three experts from department of Business Education, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study indicated that mentoring skills is significantly related to career progression of business educators. It was concluded that mentoring is significantly related to career progression of business educators. Based on the study, it was recommended that deliberate effort should be made by management of college of education to design and promote mentorship programme that will enhance career progression of business educators.
Purnima Kumari, Satyaratan Prasad Singh, Supriya Krishnan
Competitive sport places extraordinary psychological demands on young athletes, often resulting in heightened stress, sports-specific anxiety, and compromised performance. This randomized controlled trial investigated the comparative efficacy of two promising interventions—Mind-Body Physical Therapy (MBPT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)—in addressing these challenges among 100 competitive athletes aged 20–25 years recruited from sports centers in India (mean age = 22.4 years, SD = 1.6). Participants screening positive for elevated stress and anxiety were randomly allocated to 12 sessions (3 per week, 60 minutes each) of either MBPT (integrating yoga-based movement, diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, mindfulness meditation, guided imagery, and psychoeducation) or CBT (emphasizing cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, anxiety coping strategies, performance visualization, and stress management training). Outcomes were assessed pre- and post-intervention using validated instruments: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2), Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS), and a custom Sports Performance Rating Scale (SPRS). Both interventions produced robust, statistically significant improvements across all domains (p < 0.001), with large effect sizes (Cohen’s d > 1.2). While overall efficacy was comparable, nuanced modality-specific advantages emerged: MBPT yielded greater reductions in perceived stress and somatic anxiety symptoms, likely through enhanced physiological regulation and interoceptive awareness; CBT demonstrated marginally superior gains in psychological well-being and self-reported performance, particularly in cognitive domains such as focus and self-efficacy. These findings highlight the complementary strengths of somatic-mindfulness and cognitive restructuring approaches, supporting tailored or hybrid mental training models in sports psychology. Future research should explore long-term sustainability, integrated protocols, and cultural adaptations for diverse athletic populations.
Adefemi, Sulaiman Abiodun, Ojo, Adedayo David, Ojo, Aderonke Julian
Objectives: This study explores how mobile computing technologies such as smartphones, online platforms, and mobile payment systems, shape supply chain collaboration among fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) retailers in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The aim was to determine whether these technologies contribute equally to collaboration outcomes and to highlight the contextual factors that may influence their effectiveness. Methods: A quantitative approach method was adopted, with data collected through structured surveys and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 3.0. The measurement model demonstrated strong reliability and validity, with factor loadings above 0.70, Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability exceeding 0.70, and average variance extracted (AVE) scores above 0.50. Discriminant validity was confirmed using both the Fornell-Larcker criterion and the heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratio. Results: The findings of the research revealed mixed results. That is, it revealed that online platforms significantly enhance supply chain collaboration, improving communication, coordination, and efficiency. In contrast, mobile payment systems showed a significant but negative relationship, while smartphones had no meaningful effect. These results suggest that adoption alone is insufficient; effective integration strategies and supportive infrastructure are critical to realizing the benefits of mobile technologies. Conclusions: This study provides empirical evidence from an emerging market context, showing that not all mobile technologies contribute equally to collaboration. It underscores the importance of strategic deployment, investment in infrastructure, and training to maximize digital transformation benefits. Future research should investigate barriers to mobile payment integration and explore strategies for leveraging smartphones more effectively, while encouraging retailers to capitalize on the proven advantages of online platforms.
Srijani Choudhury
This article examines the evolving role of technology in the management of online conflict, emphasizing a shift from passive moderation to active mediation. Conventional moderation systems eliminate content and penalize individuals, potentially hindering society's capacity to engage in challenging yet essential discussions. Mediation-based solutions facilitate mediated exchanges grounded in conflict resolution theory and computer-mediated communication. The updated study design employs a mixed methods approach that integrates content analysis of social media platforms and conflict events with qualitative case studies of platforms evaluating mediation options. The findings indicate that technological mediation can identify escalation trends, intervene contextually, and reduce overt animosity compared to conventional moderation. Nonetheless, two significant drawbacks exist: reliance on platform-generated statistics and restricted generalizability due to selective case studies, which hinder the comprehension of long-term effects on relationship quality from the perspective of direct users. In principle, technology serves as a hybrid intermediary both regulating and facilitating discourse extending Habermasian communicative action into digitally regulated realms. Biases, opacities, and reductions in empathic capacity would further limit the revolutionary potential. The study indicates that moderation and mediation represent both a technological and conceptual restructuring of digital governance, highlighting the need for inclusive, contextual, and morally attuned interventions.
Ede A.O., Eleweke Ndukauba, Igwe Franklin E, Offiah, Awa U, Offiah, Emmanuella A
In the course of death, injuries of the body are often associated with a wide range of potentially life-threatening assaults. In all physical assaults, whether it result in death or not, the assailant has produced and left different types of marks on the victim’s body. The morphologies of these marks help reconstruct the cause of death. This study investigates and categorizes the morphologies and different types of marks left on a victim’s body in the course of death in Aba, Southeastern Nigeria, highlighting their significance in forensic investigations, which could serve as a veritable tool in reconstructing the crime scene and determining the cause of death. A retrospective analysis was conducted on autopsy reports and medical records from January 2014 to December 2023, focusing on cases with documented wound types found on the victim’s body that provide salient and useful data for the forensic crime investigator. The study categorized wounds into types such as sharp force, blunt force, gunshot, and thermal injuries, etc. Examining their frequency, demographic data, and potential implications for forensic outcomes. The results showed that a total of 1,200 cases were analyzed and categorized into various wound types, which include: 40% cases of lacerations, 25% of incised wounds, 15% of abrasions, 10% of puncture wounds, 5% of gunshot wounds, and unclassified wounds. Findings reveal that sharp force injuries were the most prevalent, particularly among young males, with 66.7%, suggesting a correlation with interpersonal violence. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive wound analysis in forensic pathology, providing critical insights for law enforcement and legal proceedings. Recommendations for further research and enhanced forensic training in the region are proposed to improve the accuracy and efficacy of investigations involving traumatic injuries.
Daniel Chai Z.C, Eugene Wong H.C, Nur Izzati Ishak
We are describing a peculiar case of multiple deep neck abscesses developed in a young 25 years old lady, who is a case of newly diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) post completion of Daunorubicin chemotherapy regime. The subject had initial bilateral neck swelling which worsened, whereby serial follow up radiological investigation demonstrated multiple deep neck collections. Abscesses were drained surgically, particularly one which is located in the nasopharynx is visually described. The main bulk of this article is dedicated to explore and link various factors which may contribute to the transformation of tumorous lymph nodes into full blown abscesses.
Abu Ibrahim Azebre, Mutala Mohammed, Wahab Mashud
Multivariate control charts are statistical tools increasingly used for the simultaneous monitoring of multiple interrelated variables. This study applied Hotelling T², multivariate cumulative sum (MCUSUM), and multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) control charts to jointly monitor Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and inflation rate in Ghana, aiming to detect both small and large shifts in the mean vector of these variables. Annual data for the period 1973–2022 were obtained from the Bank of Ghana. Results indicate that the Hotelling T² chart flagged out-of-control points in 1976, 1980, 1982, 2012, and 2013, primarily reflecting moderate-to-large shifts in GDP and inflation. The MCUSUM chart detected a deviation in 1982, while the MEWMA chart identified out-of-control points in 1980, 1982, and 2013, capturing subtle but persistent changes. Comparative analysis suggests that Hotelling T² is most effective for detecting moderate-to-large shifts, whereas MCUSUM and MEWMA provide complementary sensitivity to smaller or time-weighted changes. This study is novel in applying multivariate SPC techniques to Ghana’s macroeconomic indicators, offering a proactive framework for monitoring GDP and inflation jointly. Integrating such charts into the Bank of Ghana’s economic monitoring tools could facilitate earlier detection of macroeconomic deviations and support more informed policy responses.
Dr. N. Sivamani, Dr. P. Selvanayaki, V. Aarthika
In this article, n-power stable, n-power robust, quasi-stable, and quasi-robust operator models are characterized in computational spaces. These classes of operators, originally studied in mathematical Fock spaces, are extended to applications in Computer Technology. In particular, we establish how such operator conditions contribute to the stability of iterative algorithms, normalization in machine learning, bounded mappings in signal and image processing and operator evolution in quantum computing. The analysis shows that the operator-theoretic framework ensures convergence, robustness and error control in modern computational pipelines.
Dr. Aseh Victor Tembeng, Dr. Lawal Itopa Lamidi, FCA, Dr. Nneka Chizoba Alozieuwa
This study examines the management of Nigeria’s trade openness and the distribution of its merchandise exports to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2023. The main objective is to assess how export flows to LMICs specifically in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia and the Pacific, and Europe and Central Asia impact Nigeria’s trade openness. The study addresses a major gap in existing literature, which tends to focus on Nigeria’s trade with advanced economies, overlooking the strategic potential of South–South trade and the influence of trading partners’ income levels. Theoretical grounding is provided by the Gravity Model of Trade, which better captures spatial, economic, and structural trade dynamics compared to the Theory of Comparative Advantage. Using an ex-post-facto research design, the study employed time series data sourced from the World Bank and the Central Bank of Nigeria. Quantitative analysis, including the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test and the ARDL model, was applied to assess variable relationships. Key findings reveal that exports to South Asia have a positive and significant impact on trade openness, while exports to Sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia and Pacific regions show negative and significant effects. Exports to Europe and Central Asia exhibit a negative but statistically insignificant impact. Recommendations include diversifying export markets, strengthening trade agreements especially with South Asia and improving infrastructure to support trade with African and Asian partners.
Anajli Prasanth, Anamika M., Angitha K. V., Anupriya K., Ashlesh D. Alva, Jipin Dan Shaji, Pranav Sreeji, Riya Nair, Shraddha Rani, Theertha K. V., Vikhyath Bangera
Background: Nipah virus (NiV) remains a major zoonotic threat due to its high mortality and potential for rapid spread. Since its first detection in India in 2001, outbreaks have recurred intermittently, with Kerala emerging as a hotspot in recent years. Understanding the interplay between viral reservoirs, clinical outcomes, and public health responses is critical for strengthening preparedness and limiting future transmission. Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive, multi-source approach, integrating outbreak reports, clinical investigations, sero-epidemiological surveys, and wildlife reservoir assessments from Kerala between 2018 and 2023. Data were analysed to capture human case characteristics, surveillance outcomes, and bat sampling findings. Laboratory methods included qRT-PCR, ELISA, and genome sequencing, while epidemiological patterns were evaluated using descriptive statistics and comparative analysis across multiple outbreak years. Results: Investigations confirmed the persistence of NiV in Pteropus medius bats, with viral RNA and antibodies detected, alongside evidence of distinct viral lineages. Human case data revealed variability in outbreak severity: the 2018 Kozhikode event showed high fatality and nosocomial spread, while subsequent incidents in 2019 and 2021 were rapidly contained with minimal transmission. Public health interventions, including on-site diagnostics, strict contact tracing, and infection control, proved effective in reducing secondary spread. Sero-surveys among contacts indicated no subclinical infections during the 2019 outbreak, highlighting the impact of timely intervention. Conclusion: Findings underscore both progress and persisting vulnerabilities in NiV management. Strengthened laboratory capacity, rapid detection, and coordinated responses have contributed to reduced morbidity and mortality in recent outbreaks. However, the continued circulation of NiV within bat populations presents an ongoing risk. Sustained surveillance, proactive wildlife monitoring, and community-level prevention strategies remain essential for mitigating future spillovers and supporting global health security
Ibrahim, M, Isah, S. H
This paper introduces a novel graph construction, the inverse-order sum graph, for the dihedral group D₂ₙ. By merging the adjacency conditions of the inverse graph and the order sum graph, we define Γᵢᵥₒₛ(D₂ₙ) and investigate its fundamental graph properties. For n odd, we establish explicit formulas for vertex degrees, graph sizes, and completeness. The inverse graph Γ_Iv (D₂ₙ) exhibits the highest connectivity with degrees n-1 in P₁ ∪ P₃ and n-2 in P₂, while the order sum graph Γ_OS (D₂ₙ) is sparser with edges only between full-order rotations. The inverse-order sum graph Γ_IvOS (D₂ₙ) is the most restrictive, yielding n-3 degrees in P₃ and isolated vertices elsewhere. Our comparative analysis reveals strict inclusion relations and structural hierarchies among these graphs, demonstrating how combining algebraic conditions produces refined graphical representations of group elements. These results contribute to algebraic graph theory by providing new tools for analyzing finite group structures through hybrid graph constructions, with potential applications in group-based cryptography and network modeling.
Dr. S. K. Sharma, Praduman Amroliya
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) devices to transmit energy without physical touch in a variety of applications has drawn a lot of attention. In these systems, choosing appropriate compensation topologies and making sure the transmitter and receiver have the right impedance matching are crucial to achieving high transfer efficiency. In order to comprehend their impact on system stability and power transfer efficiency, this study examines the performance of series, parallel, and hybrid compensation topologies. Electromagnetic interactions are modeled and system behavior under various loading and misalignment circumstances is assessed using Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. To get efficient impedance matching and increased overall efficiency, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is also used to optimize important parameters, such as operating frequency and compensating capacitances. The findings demonstrate the performance trade-offs between different compensation topologies and offer precise recommendations for choosing the best configurations in real-world WPT systems. The study shows that the design process is much improved by integrating evolutionary optimization with FEM-based analysis, allowing for more dependable, effective, and flexible wireless power transfer systems.
Dr. Abu, Adam, Mustapha Abdul-Waris
This study examines the impact of parent-teacher relationships on the academic performance of basic school pupils in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. Using a descriptive cross-sectional survey approach, data were collected from 257 parents, teachers, and pupils in selected schools in the metropolis. Parent-teacher interactions analyzed in this study include levels of communication frequency, the intensity of parental engagement, and the timeliness of academic performance feedback. In the study, it was found that most parents possess tertiary school qualifications and demonstrate moderate to high levels of involvement in their children's educational interests, including frequent communication with teachers and homework collaboration. A descriptive analysis of demographic characteristics, parent-teacher relationships, and parental involvement was conducted using percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics, such as chi-square and independent sample t-tests were used to identify significant relationships between parental engagement and higher academic performance. That is, frequent communication between parents and teachers is highly correlated with prompt communication about pupil’s academic progress. Despite some mitigating challenges, such as occasional low-expected-cell counts in the chi-square table, these findings highlight the crucial need for collaborative efforts between school and home to facilitate student attainment. The study recommends that the Ghana Education Service (GES) and other educational authorities should foster different communication networks, introduce parental-friendly policies, and facilitate parental capacity development through initiatives supporting capacity development to sustain these links. Such strategies will help to raise educational quality and facilitate student accomplishment in Tamale Metropolis and comparable areas.
Asst. Prof. Saurabh B Sabale
Readers Advisor can be a successful future role of Librarian. Reading Advisory service will help user to understand what to read. Because most of people don't read because they don't know what to read. Reading Advisory service will increase reader's growth. Following survey is done to test importance and need of reader advisory service
Mahlon Juma Nyongesa
The study investigated the Pastor’s Woundedness using a quantitative descriptive design on a sample of 304 pastors in the East-Central Africa (ECD), West-Central Africa (WAD), and Southern Africa-Indian Ocean Divisions (SID) of the Adventist Church. Data from the self-constructed questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS 27 and SmartPLS 4.0 for statistical treatment. Anchored on grit theory, the results show that the pastors exhibited a high level of woundedness. The pastors experienced hurt, emotional woundedness, betrayal, abuse of authority from superiors, have few supportive friends, and still feel the pain. Yet, 82.6% of pastors were satisfied in ministry. An independent sample t-test conducted to compare the level of Pastor’s Woundedness aged Below 39 years and Above 40 years old found that although the older pastors had a higher level of woundedness, the magnitude of the difference was not significant. Pastors experienced hurt, and emotional abuse. betrayal, abuse of authority, and very few supportive friends to lean on in times of need. In terms of territories, the results show that the pastors in WAD have a higher level of the Pastor’s Woundedness while ECD and SID do not differ significantly. Further research would study how woundedness affects spouses and children of pastors.
Satya Narayana Acharjaya
The architectural and cultural history of Odisha is closely tied to its monumental temples, long regarded as symbols of dynastic authority and religious devotion. Conventional scholarship has largely emphasized the role of kings and male elites in shaping this sacred landscape, leaving the contributions of royal women in comparative obscurity. However, inscriptions, land grants, and temple records reveal that queens and elite women were not passive figures confined to domestic or ceremonial roles; rather, they emerged as significant patrons whose endowments and commissions left enduring marks on Odisha’s religious and political life. This paper examines the agency of royal queens as temple builders in medieval Odisha, focusing on evidence from the Bhaumakara, Somavamsi, and Eastern Ganga dynasties. Figures such as Tribhuvana Mahadevi, Vakulamahadevi, and Kasturi Devi illustrate how queens employed temple patronage to express devotion, secure spiritual merit, and strengthen dynastic prestige. Their involvement demonstrates that temple construction was not solely a male domain but a shared arena of authority where women could inscribe their presence into both sacred and public spheres.
Glenne B. Lagura, Renz Joseph L. Casilac
This study examined the key factors that influence public employee accountability, explicitly focusing on the roles of political values, professionalism, and work ethics. Employing a quantitative, descriptive-correlational research design, data were gathered from 400 permanent employees of the Department of Public Works and Highways Region XI through validated survey instruments. Data were analyzed using multiple regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify the best-fit model explaining the drivers of employee accountability. Findings revealed that employees exhibited high levels of political values, very high professionalism, very high work ethics, and high accountability. All three variables—political values, professionalism, and work ethics—showed significant positive relationships with accountability. Professionalism emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by work ethics and political values. However, Model 3 indicated that political values exert the most significant direct influence, while professionalism and work ethics have indirect effects. The result emphasized that civic-mindedness, justice, and moral governance, anchored in political values, guide accountable public service. This highlights the importance of promoting integrity, excellence, transparency, and accountability within government institutions. Public officers and leaders are encouraged to promote global awareness, strengthen communication, enrich task design, and institutionalize value-based leadership to sustain professionalism, ethical conduct, and accountability among public employees.
Evelyn Lahoy-lahoy, Jonabel A. Pacto, Malbert P. Bucog
This study examined the relationship between students’ attitudes toward mathematics and their mastery of the fundamental operations of integers in the post-pandemic context. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, data were gathered from 146 Grade 7 students across three public secondary schools in Mandaue City, Philippines during the 2022–2023 school year. Students’ attitudes were measured using the Attitude Toward Mathematics Inventory (ATMI), while their mastery of integer operations was assessed using the Integer Test of Primary Operations (ITPO). Descriptive results showed that students generally exhibited a neutral attitude toward mathematics in terms of self-confidence, enjoyment, and motivation, while demonstrating a positive attitude toward the value of mathematics. In contrast, the majority of students (73.97%) performed at the Beginning level in integer operations, indicating substantial learning gaps following the pandemic. Spearman’s rho revealed a statistically significant but weak positive correlation between students’ attitudes toward mathematics and their mastery of integer operations (rs = 0.181, p = .029). This suggests that although students with more positive attitudes tend to show higher mastery, attitude alone explains only a small portion of performance variance. The findings highlight the need to strengthen both cognitive and affective dimensions of mathematics learning through targeted instructional interventions. Improving foundational skills while simultaneously fostering confidence, enjoyment, and motivation may better support student recovery from pandemic-related learning losses.
Harrison Daka, Lydia Mukuka Mulenga-Hagane, Ndechedzelo Tau
This study explored the extent of preparedness of science lecturers and completing preservice teachers enrolled on science education programs at teacher preparation institutions in Botswana on implementing exemplary instructional methods following the national adoption of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) curriculum. Using a descriptive survey design, data was collected from a diverse sample of science lecturers and final-year preservice science teachers to evaluate their readiness to apply contemporary, exemplary instructional methods. Findings reveal a sub-optimal level of preparedness, with notable gaps in pedagogical content knowledge, technology integration, and the practical application of OBE principles in both science lecturers and student teachers. Although science lecturers reported being adequately prepared to support learning through collaborative, inductive, and experiential instructional methods, their classroom practices suggested low frequency of using these methods, with few activities that provoked critical thinking or problem-solving skills. Final-year student teachers were found to be minimally prepared to teach using these exemplary instructional methods, rarely engaged in inductive instructional activities, and mostly involved in teacher-directed instructions, implying that lecturers did not model these methods consistently during teacher preparation. The narrative evidence that contextualized the numerical data further revealed that large class sizes, heavy workloads, shortages of teaching and learning resources, and pressure to complete the syllabus constrained both lecturers’ and student teachers’ ability to implement collaborative, inductive, and experiential learning approaches. These insights highlight contextual and systemic factors which require an urgent need for targeted professional development initiatives, mentorship programs, curriculum revisions in teacher education, and stronger school-university partnerships to bridge the gap between preservice teacher preparation and classroom practice, support early-career teacher development and promote sustained improvements in instructional quality. Enhancing teacher preparedness in line with OBE objectives holds significant implications for improving student outcomes, advancing educational equity, and strengthening Botswana’s position in global STEM
Aerol Kenji E. Abarientos, Angela M. Albero, Jhon Zydrick I. Carsola, Kennedy T. Tuang, Melissa M. Albero, Rizalino Christle A. Crisostomo
This study explores the cultural heritage tourism landscape of Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur, focusing on the delicate balance between preservation and economic growth. Sta. Maria, a UNESCO World Heritage town, is home to historic landmarks such as the Sta. Maria Church and natural attractions like Pinsal Falls, making it a potential hub for sustainable tourism. The objective of the study was to assess how tourism-related policies and stakeholder involvement contribute to balancing heritage conservation with local economic development. The research utilized a descriptive-correlational quantitative method, employing validated survey questionnaires distributed to local residents, tourists, LGU representatives, and tourism officers. The study investigated respondents’ demographic profiles, types of attractions, transportation availability, needed policies, levels of implementation, and economic impacts. Statistical tools such as frequency distribution, mean computation, and correlation coefficient analysis were applied. Findings revealed that heritage site management, community involvement, and preservation policies are implemented at a very high level. Respondents identified the urgent need for policies regulating environmental impact, infrastructure development, tourist behavior, and cultural preservation. Strong positive correlations were observed between the implementation of these policies and the achievement of both preservation goals and economic benefits, including increased employment and business opportunities. The study concludes that Sta. Maria has successfully integrated sustainable tourism practices into its governance and community structures. It recommends that local communities empower the training and livelihood opportunities, enforce the regulations and encourage infrastructure projects that support tourism without compromising heritage integrity Through collaborative efforts and strategic planning, the town effectively protects its cultural assets while fostering economic opportunities for its residents. This research highlights the importance of continuous policy evaluation and community participation in maintaining this balance.
Apeh Enoch Odekina, Desmond Senguro, Emeka Walter Ndubuisi, Isaac Geofrey Gwary, Jarafu Umar Ngunupu, Nasiru Adoyiza Usman, Uchechukwu Chisom Chimezie, Wadai Smith
Escherichia coli is an enteric food borne pathogen associated with life-threatening disease conditions. The enterobacteria are frequently found in the cattle gastrointestinal tract with a high potential of contaminated animal products such as milk, meat, and cheese. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the presence of Escherichia coli. in fermented milk products sold within Maiduguri, Borno State. Thirty (30) samples were collected from different sources Bacteriological isolation and biochemical characterization yielded Escherichia coli and the prevalence of E. coli was 3.33 % (2/60). Antibacterial susceptibility test was carried out and the bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (17 mm) and gentamycin (21 mm), while the remaining antibiotics were non sensitive, i.e. cephalexin, cefoxitin and suphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Based on EUCAST the isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics except gentamycin. The result revealed the presence of Escherichia coli in the fermented cow milk samples. The finding indicates possible faecal contamination of the milk product with serious public health consequences. This necessitates the need to screen other milk products in the area. Health authorities in the state need to enlighten dairy product farmers on the zoonotic potential of Escherichia coli.
Anolaba Cordelia Ifeyinwa, Didam Jonathan Glory, Udeani. T.K.C, Ugwu Perpetua Nkemdiri
Superficial and cutaneous skin infections constitutes a major public health challenge globally. These fungal skin infections normally cause dis-figuration of skin, finger and toe nails. The goal of this study was to determine the occurrence and risk factors among children, adolescents and adults in rural dwellers of Enugu East local government Area , Enugu Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled individuals with skin lesions in any part of the body. The pupils and adolescents were recruited from primary and secondary schools while the adults were recruited from churches and primary health care clinics. Skin scrapping were collected from the various part of the body, head, finger and toe nails and affected hair strands. The samples were analysed mycologically using sabouraud dextrose agar and corn meal agar with actidione. A total of 211 persons with skin lesions were analysed. They comprised of 42.7% (90/211) pupils; 33.2% (70/211) adolescents and 24.1% (51/211) adults. The mean age of the pupils, adolescents and adults were 6.9 ± 1.68, 12.29 ± 2.3 and 29.53 ± 8.6 year olds respectively. The prevalence rate of fungal isolates from pupils, adolescents and adults were 36.97%, 30.8% and 21.8% respectively. Among the pupils and adolescents, tinea capitis and tinea corporis at a frequency of 13.2% and 7.9%, were prevalent, while tinea unguium 6.3% was more among the adults. The fungal agents isolated comprised majorly of 19.0% Trichophyton soudanense, 11.4% Trichophyton rubrum, 10.9% Microsporum audounii and 6.6% Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Both Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Malasessia furfur were obtained at prevalence rate of 6.6%, 5.7% and 1.4%. The high occurrence of fungal skin infections among the different age groups remains public health problem. This is because these fungal agents may penetrate dermis and induce systemic infections, and / or cause dis-figuration of the skin. It is hereby suggested that health workers of the primary health centers be empowered to routinely educate the populace on good hygiene practices.
JLS Jayarathna, PGRNI Pussella
Horton Plains National Park of Sri Lanka nestled in the central mountain range, holds immense potential for hiking tourism. However, the absence of a strategic approach to identifying new routes and the lack of an offline mapping application has hindered optimal exploration of the region's scenic terrains. This research leverages Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to identify safe and attractive hiking routes within Horton Plains National Park. The study encompasses comprehensive data collection, manual route design, and network analysis to unveil new trails. A user-friendly mobile application integrating offline maps was developed in the study in order to provide accessible and detailed route information to the hikers. The approach emphasizes the sustainable development of tourism and the economic growth of local communities. The study reveals that there is a need for diverse hiking options and enhancing the tourism experience. This research contributes to the promotion of hiking tourism in Sri Lanka, positioning Horton Plains as a premier destination for nature enthusiasts. Through a combination of GIS technology, data analysis, and mobile application development, this study offers a holistic approach to enhancing the hiking experience while fostering economic opportunities for local communities. The findings underscore the importance of strategic planning and technological innovation in sustainable tourism development, showcasing Horton Plains National Park as a unique and compelling destination for outdoor enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
Mimi Mazlina binti Mohamad
This descriptive quantitative study examined the levels of reading anxiety, reading engagement, and self-perceived reading performance among Malaysian ESL foundation students across three academic programmes: Science, Engineering, and Law. Underpinned by Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis and Guthrie and Wigfield’s Engaged Reading Model (2000), the study aimed to describe learners’ emotional and motivational experiences in academic reading contexts. A total of 155 students participated, responding to a structured questionnaire adapted from established instruments: the Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale (Saito, Garza, & Horwitz, 1999), the Motivations for Reading Questionnaire (Guthrie & Wigfield, 2000), and selected items from the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (Mokhtari & Sheorey, 2002) and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich & De Groot, 1990). Descriptive analysis revealed that the overall level of reading anxiety was moderate (M = 2.95, SD = 0.99). Among the three groups, Law students reported the highest anxiety (M = 3.15, SD = 1.10), followed by Science (M = 3.01, SD = 0.89) and Engineering (M = 2.67, SD = 0.94). Reading engagement was generally high (M = 3.82, SD = 0.77), while self-perceived reading performance was moderate (M = 3.46, SD = 0.83). The findings indicate that although students are engaged readers, moderate anxiety may still influence their perceived performance. The study highlights the need for supportive instructional practices and structured strategies such as TEEEL to enhance engagement and reduce anxiety in ESL reading classrooms.
Aimee Halim, Azzuliani Supangat, Farah Fazwa Md Ariff, Ma Qianhui, Norhayati Saffie, Normaniza Osman, Siti Suhaila A Rahman, Syafiqah Nabilah Samsul Bahari, Tumirah Khadiran, Zamri Zainal Abidin
Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah) is a traditional Malaysian herb widely used for women’s health, particularly in alleviating postmenopausal symptoms and aiding childbirth. Indoor cultivation allows precise environmental control, improving growth performance. Environmental data were compiled into a database and analyzed using Principal Component Analysis to identify key growth factors. Light intensity and soil moisture were found to be the dominant parameters influencing leaf development. Optimal growth occurred at 28.56 °C, 85.82 % relative humidity, 974.57 lux, and 88.17 % soil moisture, offering insights for optimized Labisia pumila cultivation.
Jayesh Patil, Mrs. S. A. Kulkarni, Sajan Koul, Shantanu Patil, Vedant Patil
Real-time object detection is a crucial task in computer vision, enabling intelligent systems to identify and classify multiple objects from visual data streams such as images and videos. Traditional detection methods relied heavily on manual feature extraction and suffered from limited scalability in dynamic environments. This paper presents an intelligent system for Real-Time Object Detection Using Deep Learning, utilizing the YOLOv8 (You Only Look Once) architecture integrated with a Flask-based web interface. The proposed system detects and labels multiple objects in live webcam feeds, video inputs, or static images with high accuracy and low latency. It leverages convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for feature extraction and performs training on a custom dataset enhanced through extensive data augmentation. This research demonstrates the potential of integrating deep learning with web-based technologies for real-world applications such as surveillance, industrial monitoring, and autonomous systems.
Ifti Khairul Abedin, Siddikur Mollah, Tania Karim, Ulfat Kabir
This study seeks to understand how access to remote work opportunities will influence women's jobs and empowerment as we move into a post-COVID, digitally transforming world. With the increasing trend of telecommuting and flexible work, especially during the pandemic, women now have more opportunities to work from home and achieve a better work-life balance, financial freedom, and independence in making choices. Utilizing convenience sampling of 106 respondents across various demographic categories, the present study analyses family conflict, the remote work environment, work independence, self-leadership, women's work, and empowerment using a quantitative method. These results demonstrate a highly positive relationship between control over independent tasks and female empowerment, indicating that self-leadership is a vital aspect of career advancement and personal freedom. Yet, the research also identifies key obstacles, such as family friction and socio-cultural barriers, that continue to hinder the full realization of the potential of remote work for women. Remote work benefits women's economic status and social status, but in different ways across various demographics. Those with higher educational attainment tend to benefit more than others. They conclude by highlighting the potential of remote work in promoting gender equality and empowering women in the workplace and call for a series of policies aimed at (i) addressing the digital divide, (ii) strengthening the support of the organizations (as family-friendly organizations), and (iii) reducing the family-related obstacles. It is suggested that future research examine the long-term impact of remote work on women's career paths, with a focus on cross-national studies to elucidate the role of cultural and institutional contexts in women's remote work experiences.
Masibayi Peter Situma, Obange Nelson, Odhiambo Scholastica Achieng
This study examines the influence of renewable energy generation on agricultural output in Kenya for the period 1980-2023 using annual data from the World Development Indicators and the U.S. Energy Information Administration. While exploiting the ARDL–ECM framework, the analysis estimates long-run elasticities, short run dynamics as well as the speed of adjustment while controlling for labour, non-renewable energy generation and gross capital formation. The long-run results indicate that renewable energy generation has a strong positive and statistically significant effect on agricultural sector output, thus highlighting the growth-enhancing role of renewable energy in energy-intensive agricultural systems. Non-renewable energy generation also contributes positively, though the impacts are not as intense. This indicates an ongoing structural shift in Kenya’s energy– agricultural growth linkage. Short-run findings reveal that renewable energy generation fluctuations support agricultural performance, while non-renewable energy displays mixed but generally favourable effects. Gross capital formation consistently boosts output, whereas labour shows negative short-run elasticities, thereby pointing to persistent inefficiencies and technology–labour mismatches in the sector. The coefficient of the ECM shows rapid convergence, with more than 65% of disequilibrium corrected annually, thus demonstrating strong adjustment toward long-run equilibrium and resilience of agricultural output to energy-related shocks. These findings provide new empirical evidence on the renewable energy–productivity linkage in a developing economy, showing that scaling renewable energy generation can enhance agricultural growth, stabilize output responses to energy shocks and strengthen long-run agricultural performance, while offering relevant insights for the design of energy transition interventions that promote sustainable and climate-resilient agricultural development.
Adewole Ayodeji Oluwasegun, Afolabi Olayemi, Edward Tolulope Adefola, Folorunso Kolade Pelumi, Hassan Luqman Adepoju, Ogundiran Reuben Jesulayomi, Ojo Foluso Olamide, Onaolapo Mary Tolulope
Background: The debilitating impact of fluoxetine usage has been established in both animal studies and clinical trials. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative impacts of ascorbic acid against fluoxetine-induced behavioral despair and social deficits in juvenile rats. Methods: Thirty-two Juvenile male Wistar rats (80-100 grams) were randomly assigned into four groups of eight animals per group (n=8). Group A served as a normal control and had only access to feed and water; groups B and D received Ascorbic acid orally at 10mg/kg. Additionally, groups C and D received fluoxetine at 10mg/kg orally by gavage. The substances were administered five days per week for eight weeks. After the last administration, rats underwent neurobehavioral tests [motor coordination using the catalepsy bar test, anxiety-related behaviors with the elevated plus maze model, and sociability test (three-chamber social interaction paradigm)]. The analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in Windows (version 0.98), followed by a post-hoc test (Tukey HSD) for inter-group comparisons. Results were presented as mean ± standard error of mean (S.E.M). The intergroup significant difference was accepted as p < 0.05. Results:The feed intake, relative change in body weight, time spent in the open arm, and with the social stimulus results show a statistically significant decrease (p< 0.05) in group C compared to group A. Compared to group C, a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in group D. In contrast, the catalepsy score, time spent in the closed arm, and in the empty chamber results show a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in group C compared to the control group A. Compared to group C, a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) was seen in group D. Conclusion:The debilitating effects of fluoxetine administration, as confirmed in this study, warrant more rigorous monitoring of its use; further research is needed to establish these effects in humans.
Dr. A. R. Nichal, Mr. Aviraje Bhosale, Mr. Nishant Gaikwad, Ms. Rahi Jadhav, Ms. Tejashree Sakhale
Among all the emerging global environmental issues, the deterioration of water quality is of prime importance because it directly affects human health, aquatic ecosystems, and industrial processes. Traditional methods of manual sampling and laboratory-based analysis have intrinsic limitations due to high labor costs, low sampling frequency, and no real-time insights. As a result of recent developments within autonomous systems, IoT, and embedded sensing technologies, the development of advanced floating robotic systems with the capability of continuous automated monitoring of water bodies has been possible. These can integrate multi-parameter sensors, wireless data communication, GPS navigation, and intelligent processing units for collection and transmission of key water quality indicators like pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and conductivity. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the technological evolution, design methodologies, and current state-of-the-art floating robotic platforms for water quality monitoring. The study will analyze the strengths and limitations of several sensor configurations, communication protocols, power management techniques, and robotic designs adopted in recent research. It further discusses the major challenges: environmental interference, sensor calibration issues, biofouling, power limitations, and long-term deployment constraints. By comparing the existing systems and identifying technological gaps, this paper looks into future opportunities comprising AI-based predictive analytics, low-cost sensor innovations, energy harvesting, and fully autonomous navigation. Conclusively, the study finds that floating robotic systems hold great promise for transforming real-time water quality assessment and thereby offering substantial support toward sustainable water resource management.
Mr. Om Koli, Mr. Pradip Khatal, Mr. Suraj Patil, Prof. S.S. Patil
In settings where touch-based interfaces are uncomfortable or unsanitary, gesture-based human–machine interaction has become a popular way to operate smart devices. Gesture recognition systems are now very accurate, responsive, and appropriate for real-world applications thanks to developments in computer vision, deep learning, IoT communication, and embedded CPUs. A thorough theoretical examination of gesture detection technologies is presented in this review paper, with particular attention to CNN-powered gesture classification techniques, MediaPipe hand-tracking models, and OpenCV-based image processing workflows. Additionally, it looks at how Internet of Things microcontrollers like ESP32 can be used to enable wireless, realtime control of electrical appliances through relay modules. In order to determine performance trends, system reliability, and practical issues, the study synthesizes findings from several research investigations. The focus is on developing a smooth and clean control environment that improves user convenience, facilitates accessibility for users with physical disabilities, and aids in the creation of next-generation smart homes. This enhanced assessment is appropriate for academic submissions and engineering research since it blends scientific depth with practical relevance.
Dr. Arjun Nichal, Mr. Ajay Devkar, Ms. Mahima Nalawade, Ms. Shivani Patil
A smart EV charging parking station combines energy management, real-time data analysis, and connected charging systems to improve the charging experience for electric vehicle users. It uses sensor networks, IoT communication, and load-balancing algorithms to monitor parking availability, manage power distribution, and change charging rates based on demand, grid conditions, and user preferences. Integrating renewable energy and onsite energy storage boosts efficiency by lowering peak load and operational costs. The platform also connects with mobile apps for reservation, payment, and monitoring services, making the experience smooth for users. Overall, the smart EV charging parking station increases energy efficiency, improves grid stability, and supports sustainable transportation systems. Currently, we are facing issues related to a lack of fuel. As a result, we are moving toward electric vehicles. However, people still do not prefer electric vehicles over the ones currently available. This reluctance is due to high prices and a shortage of charging stations. Even when few charging stations are available, it takes extra time to charge the vehicle. Additionally, parking has become a major issue in urban areas. By addressing these problems, we can offer smart parking with charging options at the most commercial buildings. This will reduce the hassle of searching for parking spaces. There will also be no need to spend extra time looking for charging stations or charging at these locations. This paper outlines the wireless power transfer technology for electric vehicles and charging systems using the Internet of Things. It also reviews IoT-based smart parking methods that have been implemented and compares combined parking and charging systems with separate ones.
Ahmad Sahru Romadhon, Anik Nur Handayani, Hakkun Elmunsyah
The development of autonomous robots in the era of Industry 4.0 presents enormous opportunities as well as significant ethical risks, particularly in relation to data collection and use. The complexity of artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms has led to the emergence of the black box phenomenon, where decisionmaking processes are difficult to explain and verify. This condition creates violations of two key ethical principles, namely transparency and accountability, which have the potential to increase the risk of data misuse throughout the entire life cycle of autonomous robot research. This study systematically analyzes the relationship between violations of these principles and various threat scenarios such as algorithmic discrimination, invasive profiling, and sensor data manipulation. Using a qualitative case study approach and a four-phase risk analysis method, the study identifies two critical risks: decision discrimination due to black box models, and sensor data manipulation due to weak accountability and audit mechanisms. The results confirm that a lack of transparency hinders the detection of data bias, while weak accountability opens the door to third-party intervention. This study recommends the implementation of Explainable AI (XAI), training data audits, tamper-proof audit log systems, and rollback mechanisms as key mitigation measures to improve the security, reliability, and ethics of data use in autonomous robot research.
Adegbola, Murtala Makinde, Adeniyi, Ayodeji Lasunkanmi, Azeez, Ishaq Alani, Bello, Muhammed Akinkunmi
This study investigates the influence of Risk Management Committee (RMC) characteristics on corporate risk management in Nigerian Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) from 2014 to 2023. Prompted by the growing need for stronger risk oversight following global financial sector failures, the research examines how RMC size, independence, and gender composition shape the effectiveness of corporate risk management practices. Anchored on Agency Theory, Resource Dependency Theory, and Legitimacy Theory, the study adopts an ex-post facto research design, utilizing secondary data obtained from financial statements, regulatory reports, and industry publications. A sample of 14 listed DMBs was selected based on data availability. Using an econometric model adapted from prior studies, Tobin’s Q and Return on Equity (ROE) were employed as proxies for corporate risk management efficiency and performance. Descriptive results show that most banks exhibit Tobin’s Q values below 1, indicating undervaluation and weak investor confidence. Correlation and regression findings reveal that RMC size has a consistently negative and significant effect on both market valuation and profitability, suggesting that oversized committees may hinder effective oversight. RMC independence demonstrates no significant relationship with performance, implying that independence in its current form may be more symbolic than functional. Gender composition shows a positive but statistically insignificant association with corporate risk management, indicating that diversity alone does not guarantee improved performance. Overall, the study concludes that the structure and composition of RMCs significantly influence corporate risk management outcomes in Nigerian DMBs. It emphasizes that streamlined, expertise-driven committees are more effective in enhancing oversight and strengthening organizational resilience.
Dr. Puja Kumari, Meenakshi Choudhary
The automobile industry plays a vital role in the industrial ecosystem of the Adityapur–Gamharia region, one of Eastern India's prominent automotive manufacturing hubs. Efficient supply chain management (SCM) is crucial for maintaining competitiveness, cost-effectiveness, and timely delivery in this sector. This study evaluates the supply chain performance of selected automobile and ancillary units in the Adityapur–Gamharia industrial belt. The study focuses on the performance of qualitative indicators, such as collaboration, technology adoption, flexibility, supplier relationships, digitization and adaptability to market changes. Findings indicate that while firms have made notable progress in integrating technology and streamlining communication, persistent challenges remain in logistics coordination, demand forecasting, and supplier responsiveness. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the human and organizational factors influencing supply chain performance and suggests strategies to enhance resilience, collaboration, and longterm sustainability in the regional automotive ecosystem.
Rocelyn C. Cardinal
The hotel industry is one of the most important components of the broader service industry, providing customers with overnight lodging. Many tourists consider the hotel to be their temporary home during their stay in the country, so they are looking for a place that will provide them with both comfort and safety. The research determines the safety and security of hotel guests. To ensure that every customer who arrives feels welcomed, pampered, and completely secure in their temporary living situation. This research was conducted to assess the safety and security of guest in hotel. Identified the problems encountered by guest during stay and proposed an action plan. This study utilized a descriptive-correlation method. A survey questionnaire created by the researcher was distributed to four hotels in Ormoc City to collect data for this study. A total of 80 registered guests were surveyed with specific inclusions criteria: registered guest who stayed at least one night in hotel. Pilot test is made for Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Test. Prior the treatment of data statistical table is presented and tabulated by data analyst. Findings indicate that the guests are highly satisfied in the safety and security measures implemented by the selected hotels. However, complaints from guests are unavoidable and minor problems encountered by guest are reported and observed during their stay. There is no significant relationship between the profile of the guest and their safety and security and there is no significant difference between and among the performance of the safety and security of guest. The following are strongly advised by the researcher: The proposed action plan's implementation; and further research.
Dr. Rajaiah Koramutla, Dr. Ramanaiah Ragala
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are critical for India’s economic growth, employment generation, and regional development. However, their efficiency is often constrained by skill gaps and limited technology adoption. This study examines the impact of skill upgradation on operational efficiency of 240 MSMEs in SPSR Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, using structured questionnaires and stratified random sampling. The study finds that enterprises investing in training and technology adoption experience significant improvements in productivity, product quality, and employee utilization. The results highlight the importance of integrated skill and technology programs for MSME competitiveness.
Erlinda J. Porcincula, Mark L. Asma
This study examined the engagement of secondary school teachers in social change initiatives and how it contributes to their leadership development. It aimed to identify the initiatives teachers participate in their school and communities, the leadership skills they apply, the relationship between the two, the challenges encountered, and propose an intervention to strengthen teacher involvement. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was used. Sixty (60) purposively selected secondary school teachers from Capalonga, Camarines Norte served as respondents during the school year 2023–2024. Data were gathered through a validated survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation via SPSS. Findings revealed that teachers were actively involved in social change, especially in environmental conservation. The most utilized leadership skills were strategic planning, communication, and decision-making, while conflict resolution and ethical leadership were less used. A significant positive relationship) was found between social change engagement and leadership skill development. Challenges included financial limitations, lack of time, minimal administrative support, and restricted access to professional development. The study proposed a professional development training program as an intervention to improve leadership skills and teacher participation in social initiatives. In conclusion, teachers play a vital role in social change and benefit in leadership growth through active engagement. Supportive structures, training, and recognition are recommended to maximize their impact.
Fred K. Wamalwa, Rose Njoroge
In the contemporary society, solidary may be well achieved through the use of social media. Since the advent of social media platforms, scholars have been fascinated by the wanton enticement of these platforms of millions of users globally. Different platforms among others Facebook; Instagram; YouTube; WhattsApp; X (formerly Twitter); TikTok; Snapchat; LinkedIn; and Pinterest are connecting people from all around the world. Many studies have investigated the relation between social media and the church, how this type of media could affect the church and whether the use of social media would impact the growth of the Church or not. However, few reports examine the association of social media and solidarity social teaching (SST) of the Catholic Church. The purpose of this study was to investigate the link between diverse features of social media and SST among the Catholic University of Eastern Africa (CUEA) community at Gaba Campus in Eldoret. The study adopted cross sectional research design, involving mixed method approaches to collect primary and secondary sources of data. The main source of quantitative data collection was the survey of members of the congregation, while the qualitative aspect of data was largely through desk and internet reviews. Random sampling technique was used to establish a 70 sample size of respondents from 234 CUEA Gaba community involving the Gaba Catholic students, Small Christian Communities(SCCs) and staff. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression and Chi Square models. Majority (31.43%) of respondents’ age was in the range of 18 – 44 years, most (90%) of whom were ardent users of WhattsApp (57.14%), Facebook (24.29%), and TikTok (8.57%). Regression results revealed a significant association between social media and social solidarity (R=0.537; R2=0.289), and Chi Square test on all predictors of social media showed a significant association with Social media: Social relations [X2=28.048, DF=7; P<0.001]; Sense of belonging [X2=55.149; DF=7, P<0.001]; Inclusion [X2=26.090, DF=6; P<0.001]; Participation [X2=89.217, DF=8; P<0.001]; Diversity [X2=45.235, DF=9; P<0.001]; Personal Outlook [X2=55.388, DF=7; P<0.001]; and Peace and security [X2=81.143, DF=9; P<0.001]. Based on study results, the constructive effects social media have on the advancement of social solidarity haven been identified. As more and more people join social media platforms, the study justifies Catholic Church exploitation of the opportunities to reach a wider audience and build deeper relationships with its congregation.
Madhusudan Reddy. K, Mahesh Reddy. B
Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) is the response of the soil to the motion of the structure, or the structure's motion to the response of the soil. Heavy structures, particularly high-rise buildings built on soft soil, have a lot of soil-structure interaction. Inthis paper the major portion of work was carried out to know the parameters such as settlements, displacements, base shear, storey drift, bending moments, shear force and damages due to various forces when a buildings foundation is laid on raft foundation. soil structure interaction (SSI)analysis was done using various numerical, empirical, methods by using a combination of software such as ETabs and safe,ETabs and Plaxis 2d/3d, FLAC 3d ,Midas and SAP2000 . From those analysis it was found that SSI and Non-SSI interactionanalysis has shown a great difference in terms of Structural safety and stability. There was a great impact of subbase on the structure for different conditions of buildings such as high-rise structures, storage buildings, massive transportation structures, signal transmission towers and chimneys. Different structures with different utilities and different properties were studied and analyzed.
Dr. Rajesh Kumar, Rajesh Dan
The present study explores the intersection of spirituality and ecology within the indigenous belief systems of the tribal communities of Purulia district, West Bengal. Spiritual ecology, as expressed in the rituals, myths, and sacred landscapes of tribal life, reflects a holistic worldview where nature and divinity coexist inseparably. The research highlights how ecological awareness is embedded in traditional religion, manifested through the worship of sacred groves, rivers, animals, and spirits that guard forests and lands. The study draws upon field observations and ethnographic literature to understand how these spiritual-ecological relationships contribute to environmental conservation, social harmony, and cultural continuity. Findings suggest that tribal ecological consciousness represents an indigenous form of sustainable living that integrates reverence, reciprocity, and responsibility toward nature.
D Bhargavi, Dr Vamseekrishna G, J Deepthi Harika, K Lakshmi Prasanna, M Nikhitha, M Srinivasa Sankar
A simple, rapid, precise, sensitive and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of Nivolumab and Relatlimab in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Nivolumab and Relatlimab was achieved on Waters Alliance-e2695 by using Phenyl (250x 4.6mm, 5µ) column and the mobile phase containing Acetonitrile: TEA pH-2.5/OPA in the ratio of 50:50% v/v. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min; detection was carried out by absorption at 222nm using a photodiode array detector at ambient temperature. The number of theoretical plates and tailing factor for Nivolumab and Relatlimab were NLT 2000 and should not more than 2 respectively. % Relative standard deviation of peak areas of all measurements always less than 2.0. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be simple, economical, suitable, precise, accurate & robust method for quantitative analysis of Nivolumab and Relatlimab.
Ahmad Faris Mohamed, Anidah Robani, Nor Azilah Ahmad, Nor Fazilah Abdul Hamid
The sustainability-driven Green City framework has emerged as a transformative urban development framework with direct implications for tourism industry growth. This study examines how Green City principles contribute to Malaysia’s tourism industry development, focusing on Melaka as a key case study due to its proactive implementation of the Green City Action Plan (GCAP). Using a mixed-method research design comprising policy analysis, surveys (n = 308), and semi-structured interviews with government officers and local authorities, this study identifies strong associations between green governance, environmental literacy, community readiness, and tourism industry outcomes. Findings indicate that sustainable urban practices—such as green mobility, renewable energy adoption, waste reduction, and smart environmental management—enhance tourism competitiveness and overall destination appeal. However, behavioural inconsistencies between workplace and household practices, coupled with governance coordination gaps and limited private-sector participation, remain significant challenges. The study concludes that sustainability-driven green city frameworks offer Malaysia a strategic pathway to strengthening its tourism industry, recommending enhanced community engagement, integrated governance, and innovative green infrastructure to accelerate long-term tourism transformation.
Mohamad Haszirul Mohd Hashim, Nurul Izza Abdul Ghani, Syanaz Binti Nasar
Maintenance is a combination of several management methods without changing the basic features and functions of service systems. Effective maintenance planning ensures optimal use of the structure and reduces operating costs. This study investigates sustainable maintenance management practices for air conditioning systems at shopping complexes, focusing on tenant satisfaction and overall building performance involving forty (40) tenants representing diverse business categories such as retail, food and beverage (F&B), services, and entertainment. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires assessing satisfaction with maintenance work, air conditioning supply, and the relationship between these factors and business operations. The findings reveal that 55 percent of tenants expressed moderate to high satisfaction with maintenance work, while 60 percent were satisfied with the overall air conditioning supply and cooling performance. Retail and F&B tenants recorded higher sensitivity to cooling quality due to the direct influence on customer comfort and product conditions. The study concludes that adopting preventive and condition-based maintenance practices can significantly enhance system reliability, tenant comfort, and energy efficiency. Recommendations are proposed to establish a sustainable maintenance framework that integrates real-time monitoring, timely scheduling, and continuous feedback mechanisms to optimize air conditioning system performance and prolong equipment lifespan.
Aviv Yuniar Rahman, Hakkun Elmunsyah, Ilham Ari Elbaith Zaeni, Mamba’us Sa’adah, Siti Sendari
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) for respiratory disease diagnostics has intensified reliance on large-scale respiratory sound datasets, raising complex ethical challenges related to privacy, consent, ownership, and data governance. This systematic review examines the ethical integrity of studies involving cough, breath, and lung sound datasets used for AI-based biomedical applications between 2015 and 2025. Using the PRISMA 2020 framework, 52 eligible studies were identified across major academic databases and evaluated through multidimensional ethical criteria, including transparency of consent processes, adequacy of anonymization, governance mechanisms, dataset licensing, and bias mitigation. The findings reveal significant ethical inconsistencies: less than half of the studies reported clear consent procedures; anonymization techniques were largely insufficient due to the biometric nature of respiratory acoustics; and dataset licensing commonly lacked clarity regarding commercial use. Substantial demographic and clinical biases were also observed, posing risks of inequitable diagnostic performance across population subgroups. The review concludes that current practices exhibit a structural gap between technological innovation and ethical maturity, necessitating stronger governance, standardized licensing, dynamic consent models, and traceable data provenance. Strengthening ethical infrastructures is essential to ensure that AI-enabled respiratory diagnostics advance in a manner that upholds participant rights, clinical safety, and public trust.
Mohd Taufiq Bin Hashim
The primary goal of this research is to determine the effect of hotel service quality on customer satisfaction and implications for customer loyalty in Perhentian Island, Terengganu. Having satisfied and loyal customers are one of the necessary actions in a business company to remain in business. The literature has been researched to determine the impacts of service quality on customer satisfaction and the implications for customer loyalty to determine the relationship between the two variables. The quantitative is used in this investigation. For data gathering, the primary data collection instruments were used. The questionnaire will divide into three (3) sections, for section A is demographic, the preliminary data were acquired using an open-ended questionnaire, while for sections B and C for customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, the data was collected using a 5-point Likert scale. It is accomplished using the static package for social science (SPSS) version 2.6. Customers who had previously visited Perhentian Island were chosen as the study's subject population for this research. The sample size for this researched consisted of 128 hotel guests who visited to the island of Perhentian before and after COVID-19. This study proved that four of service quality dimension (tangible, reliability, assurance, and responsiveness) have positive relation with customer satisfaction, except empathy had negative relation with customer satisfaction, also customer satisfaction has positive relation with customer loyalty.
Ezeh Kingsley Ikechukwu, Ofoegbu Uche Chinwendu, Prof. C.C. Orga
The study examined logistics management practice and customer satisfaction of pharmaceutical Firms in South-East, Nigeria. There had been growing dissatisfaction with the delay in the supply of essential pharmaceutical products in the South- East, Nigeria. The main objective of the study was to examine effect of logistics management practice on customer satisfaction of pharmaceutical firms located in South-East, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: Determine the effect of packaging on repeat purchase, ascertain the effect of delivery speed on customer loyalty, determine the effect of order completeness on customer referrals, examine the effect of on-time delivery on customer retention, and ascertain the effect of real-time update on customer response rate of pharmaceutical firms in South East, Nigeria. The population of the study was 43, 905 staff of logistics departments in 25 selected firms. The Freund & Williams formula was adopted to arrive at the sample size of 384. A stratified sampling technique was employed. The study utilized a survey design. The data were presented in tables and analysed using simple percentages, mean and standard deviation. The hypotheses were tested using the Z-test statistic. The results showed that packaging had significant positive effect on repeat purchase (Z =11.180, p <0.05); delivery speed had significant positive effect on customer loyalty (Z =10.483, p <0.05); order completeness had significant positive effect on customer referrals (Z =2.674, p <0.05); on-time had significant positive effect on customer retention (Z =2.685, p <0.05); and real-time had significant positive effect on customer response rate of pharmaceutical firms in South-East, Nigeria(Z =15.110, p <0.05). It was concluded that logistics management practice had significant positive effect on customer satisfaction of pharmaceutical firms in South-East, Nigeria. It was recommended among others that logistics managers in pharmaceutical firms should strive to satisfy customers by improving on maintenance, design and packaging of products.
Wangai Kiama, M Med (Path), Frcpath (ECSA)
Background: Violent deaths, including accidents, homicides, and suicides, are major contributors to mortality in Nairobi, Kenya. The high prevalence of these fatalities presents a significant public health challenge, necessitating a better understanding of their distribution and contributing factors to inform effective intervention strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, causes and socio-demographic distribution of violent deaths in Nairobi, identify the main causes of these deaths (accidents, homicides, and suicides), and assess their relative impact on the city’s overall mortality. Methodology: A descriptive prospective study was conducted at the City Mortuary in Nairobi from June 1, 2009, to May 31, 2010. A total of 2,566 autopsies were performed during the study period, of which 2,278 (88.8%) were attributed to violent causes. Results: The study showed that violent deaths constituted 88.8% of all autopsies conducted. Accidents were the leading cause of violent deaths, accounting for 46.7% (1,064 cases), followed by homicides at 43.5% (990 cases) and suicides at 9.8% (224 cases). The overall prevalence of violent deaths in Nairobi was 61.6 per 100,000 population. Prevalence rates for specific categories were 28.8 per 100,000 for accidental deaths, 26.8 per 100,000 for homicides, and 5.4 per 100,000 for suicides.Statistical analysis using chi-square tests showed that violent deaths were significantly more common than natural deaths (χ² = 1857.89, p < 0.01). ANOVA results further indicated significant differences across the three categories of violent deaths (F = 57.32, p < 0.01).Violent deaths affected both males and females aged 10–60 years, with notable variation in age and gender distribution across accidents, homicides, and suicides. The mean age of victims was 32.8 years (range: 10–59). Males accounted for 2,095 (92%) of the 2,278 violent deaths, while females accounted for 183 (8%), resulting in an overall male-to-female ratio of 11.4:1.The 30–39 age group was the most affected, representing 914 deaths (40.1%), followed closely by the 20–29 age group with 844 deaths (37.1%). Together, these two age groups made up more than 77% of all violent deaths. The male-to-female ratio was highest in the 20–29 age group (17.7:1), followed by the 30–39 age group (10.4:1). Conclusion: Violent deaths are a significant public health issue in Nairobi, with accidents and homicides being the leading causes. The findings emphasize the need for targeted public health interventions, including improved road safety measures, strengthened law enforcement, and expanded mental health services to prevent suicides. Recommendations: To reduce violent deaths, efforts should focus on enhancing road safety through better infrastructure and law enforcement, improving crime prevention via effective policing and addressing socio-economic disparities, expanding mental health services, and investing in programs to alleviate poverty, unemployment, and social inequality.
Bharathi B, Deepa C. Philip, Deivadharani G, Priscilla Princy S
Critical care environments are increasingly challenged by rising patient acuity, workforce shortages, and the growing need for coordinated, team-based care. This review synthesizes evidence from various complementary studies examining: (1) interprofessional collaboration (IPC) challenges in South African intensive care units (ICUs), (2) the integration and impact of physician assistants (PAs) across diverse Canadian clinical settings, and (3) national workforce trends of PAs in United States critical care medicine. The findings reveal persistent organizational and system-level constraints—including staffing deficits, communication gaps, hierarchical barriers, and role ambiguity—that hinder effective collaboration. Evidence from Canada demonstrates that well-integrated PAs enhance workflow efficiency, continuity of care, and patient access, while U.S. data highlight a rapidly expanding PA critical care workforce with increasing postgraduate training, high job satisfaction, and substantial contributions to ICU operations. Collectively, the studies underscore the importance of structured IPC, comprehensive specialty preparation, and supportive organizational environments in strengthening ICU performance. Addressing burnout, improving role clarity, and expanding training opportunities remain essential for building a resilient and sustainable critical care workforce capable of meeting growing global demands.
Destiny Young, Osinachi Ozocheta
The modern digital enterprise faces an escalating cybersecurity challenge, with recent analyses indicating that seventy four percent of breaches originate from human factors such as error, negligence, or insider activity. This pattern confirms the limitations of traditional awareness training models that focus mainly on information delivery rather than scientifically measurable behavioural change. Building on contemporary human risk research and recent findings that demonstrate a persistent intention behaviour gap, this study argues that human fallibility must be addressed through both cultural and technical controls. Drawing on NIST SP 800 50 and advanced Human Risk Management frameworks, the paper promotes a life cycle approach to awareness, training, and cultural assessment that measures security culture across seven validated dimensions, providing a more meaningful alternative to superficial compliance metrics. To compensate for unavoidable human error, the framework adopts Zero Trust architecture as the foundational technical safeguard, supported by Just in Time access and automated cloud configuration enforcement as recommended in NIST SP 800 207. These controls eliminate standing privileges and reduce the attack surface created by risky human behaviour. The study synthesises programme structure, empirical evidence, and technical design into an integrated framework that public sector and resource constrained organisations can adopt to achieve verifiable and sustainable reductions in human centred security risk. Future research should empirically test this integrated model by measuring changes in observed security behaviour and incident rates after Zero Trust implementation and workload informed intervention.
Nur Aini Mohd Arish, Nuramidah Hamidon, Riffat Shaheed, Siti Nur Fi’trah Sa’idin
Urbanization has increased the incidence of floods due to impermeable surfaces that prevent rainwater absorption, underscoring the necessity for effective stormwater management. Using green roofs, which include growth and other material layers, is an alternative solution. This research evaluates the hydraulic performance of green roofs incorporating banana trunk waste, a highly effective material due to its water absorption and retention properties in a drainage and filter layer, with the added support of PET bottle caps for lightweight structural applications. The study looks at the fibre model’s peak flow reduction ranging from 61% to 77% and retention rate ranging from 64.75% to 79.47%, with the rainfall simulation carried out in low, moderate, and severe intensities, which are 10 mm/h, 30 mm/h, 60 mm/h, 180 mm/h, 350 mm/h and 550 mm/h. The research highlights the effectiveness of banana trunk waste and recycled materials, such as PET bottle caps, in enhancing the performance of green roofs to address waste disposal issues, while promoting circular economy systems.
Adegunle, Felix Omotayo, Adenuga, Babatunde. Adeyemi, Dawodu Rasheed Adegbenro, Ogunbote Shefiu
This study investigates the effect of adequate workshop resources on skill development among Automobile and Metalwork Technology Education students at South West University of Education, Nigeria. Employing a descriptive survey design, the research utilized a 40-item questionnaire administered to 44 participants (28 students, 16 lecturers) from Lagos, Ogun, and Ekiti States. The questionnaire, validated by experts and exhibiting a reliability coefficient of 0.76, assessed the impact of tool and equipment availability on skill acquisition. Data analysis, using mean, standard deviation, and t-tests, revealed a significant positive correlation between access to modern tools and equipment and enhanced practical skills. Students with access to better resources demonstrated improved proficiency, directly impacting their employability prospects. The study advocates for increased investment in modern workshop facilities, regular maintenance, continuous lecturer training, and robust policy oversight to optimize technical education quality and relevance within the automotive and metalwork sectors. This investment is crucial for producing skilled graduates who meet industry demands.
L. M. A. Shamila
The apparel industry is one of Sri Lanka’s major economic contributors, employing a large workforce. In Trincomalee district, apparel industry face HR-related issues including manual attendance tracking, limited performance monitoring, workplace accidents, and communication gaps between workers and management. IoT-based systems such as biometric devices, wearable safety sensors, automated attendance systems, and real-time production monitoring tools offer effective solutions to these challenges. However, the growing interest in digital human resource management, there is limited academic research focusing on Internet of things adoption in human resource management within Sri Lanka’s apparel industry. This study attempts to fill this gap by evaluating how Internet of things impact on human resource management in an apparel industry in the Trincomalee District, Sri Lanka. The independent variable of the study is Internet of things and its dimensions are IoT-Based Attendance Systems, IoT-Based Performance Monitoring, IoT-Based Communication and dependent variable is human resource management.
Omar Firdaus bin Mohd Said, Peng Zhao
Study investigated the influence of basketball coaches’ leadership behaviors on team cohesion among university athletes in Hubei Province. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed and 182 valid responses were collected (response rate = 91%). Two validated instruments, the Leadership Scale for Sports and the Group Environment Questionnaire, were employed, with Cronbach’s α values of 0.874 and 0.853, KMO values of 0.812 and 0.894, and significant Bartlett’s tests (p < 0.01), confirming good reliability and validity. Descriptive results indicated that coaches’ leadership behaviors were at a moderately high level (M = 3.441, SD = 0.646), with democratic behavior rated highest, reward behavior second, and autocratic behavior lowest. Team cohesion was also at a favorable level (M = 3.447, SD = 0.697), with group social integration highest and group social attraction lowest. Correlation analysis revealed that overall leadership behavior was positively associated with team cohesion (r = 0.723, p < 0.01). Specifically, training and instruction, democratic behavior, social support, and reward behavior were positively correlated with cohesion, while autocratic behavior was negatively correlated. Regression analysis further demonstrated that training and instruction (β = 0.240), democratic behavior (β = 0.195), social support (β = 0.171), and reward behavior (β = 0.190) were significant positive predictors of team cohesion, whereas autocratic behavior was a significant negative predictor (β = –0.222). The model explained 55.6% of the variance (R² = 0.556, F = 23.821, p < 0.001). Overall, the findings suggest that positive leadership behaviors enhance team cohesion, while autocratic behavior weakens it, providing empirical evidence and practical implications for coaching and team management in university basketball.
Ms. Chinmayee Pattnayak
Moringa oleifera, a perennial tree belonging to the Moringaceae family, is still regarded as an underutilized plant. In India, it is commonly known as drumstick, sahjan, or sohanjana. The plant is recognized for its remarkable range of functional and nutraceutical properties, making it a versatile biomaterial suitable for food and related applications. The high nutritional value of its edible portions makes Moringa an important food source. The leaves of the drumstick tree are highly nutritious and entirely edible. They are rich in protein, carbohydrates, fiber, minerals, vitamin C, and essential minerals. In the present study the nutritional and functional properties of different edible parts specifically leaves of Moringa plant were discussed vastly with facts collection from different research papers and sites. The study could further support value added product preparation.
Dr. Jugal Kumar Boro
This study examines India’s FinTech-driven financial inclusion journey through two interconnected dimensions: the expansion of access to formal financial services and the deepening of the usage of those services. Using a descriptive-analytical approach based on secondary data from the World Bank Global Findex, RBI, NPCI, SEBI and PMJDY dashboards, the paper demonstrates that infrastructure initiatives such as the JAM Trinity (Jan Dhan Aadhaar–Mobile) and interoperable systems like UPI have significantly expanded account ownership. Simultaneously, usage has intensified across digital payments, investments, lending and rural banking, exemplified by exponential growth in UPI transactions, demat accounts, SIP participation and AePS transactions. While access has grown dramatically, challenges remain in activating dormant accounts, promoting equitable usage and ensuring digital literacy, privacy and financial security. The findings underscore that India’s financial inclusion journey must evolve from expanding access to fostering purposeful and inclusive usage.
Mr. Abdiqani Ismail Ibrahim
This study aimed to investigate the challenges encountered by teachers and students in secondary schools in Borama and Hargeisa districts of Somaliland, where English serves as the medium of instruction. It focused on assessing the competencies of teachers and the essential abilities of students required for effective learning in an English-based environment. The research adopted a cross-sectional design using quantitative methods and employed survey techniques through self-administered structured questionnaires. Non-probability sampling methods, including convenience and purposive sampling, were utilized to select 150 teachers and 458 students as participants. The collected data underwent thorough analysis using Excel and SPSS software, emphasizing descriptive statistics like frequency distributions to present the findings effectively. The findings of the study indicated that male teachers outnumbered female teachers in secondary schools, and there was a similar trend of more female students than male students. Most teachers possessed significant experience ranging from 11 to 21 years, and their educational qualifications were primarily at the university level, specializing in subject teaching at the secondary level. However, concerns were raised regarding the necessity to address salary issues for teachers. The study also observed instances where teachers alternated between Somali and English languages during presentations, with consensus among both teachers and students. Additionally, students expressed a need for supplementary materials in libraries to enhance their learning processes and homework, thereby improving their English proficiency. Notably, students who predominantly used their mother tongue during the learning process exhibited poorer performance in English.
Chinyere U. Nwolisa, Chukwunonye N. Anyakoha
In high-stress corporate environments in Lagos State, Nigeria—characterized by economic volatility, infrastructural deficits, tight deadlines, and competitive pressures—emotional intelligence (EI) emerges as a pivotal driver of leadership effectiveness and team performance. This cross-sectional quantitative study surveyed 354 professionals from banking, manufacturing, IT, and finance sectors using validated scales: WPQei for EI, MLQ-5X for leadership effectiveness, TWQ for team performance, and PSS-10 for perceived stress. Results from hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling revealed EI as a strong predictor of leadership effectiveness (β = .66, p < .001, R² = .540) and team performance (β = .30 direct, p < .001), with leadership effectiveness partially mediating the EI-team performance link (indirect β = .39, p < .001). Perceived stress negatively correlated with outcomes (r = −.25 to −.31) but did not moderate EI effects, indicating EI's robust benefits across stress levels. These findings extend EI theory to Nigeria's VUCA context, emphasizing self-awareness, empathy, and social skills in fostering resilience, trust, and productivity. Practically, organizations should integrate EI training to mitigate burnout and enhance outcomes. Limitations include cross-sectional design; future longitudinal research is recommended.
Fatty, Fatou K, Prof. Liu Changhai
This study investigates the ‘Influence of Parental Background and Socio-economic Status on the Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in English Language in the West Coast region of The Gambia, West Africa’. Recognizing the critical role of English Language education in national development and individual career advancement, the research aims to understand how parental qualifications and economic conditions affect students' achievement in this subject. A quantitative survey methodology was adopted, involving 150 respondents from two selected secondary schools in the region. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed to determine the relationship between parental factors and student performance. The findings reveal a significant correlation between parents’ educational attainment and socio-economic status and students’ performance in English Language. Students whose parents had higher qualifications and better economic means tended to perform better, while those lacking such support faced academic challenges. The study concludes that parental involvement, both in terms of educational support and socio-economic provision, is crucial to improving students' outcomes in English Language. It recommends that parents be more actively engaged in their children's education by providing the necessary academic exposure, encouragement, and material support to foster better performance in the subject.
Fatty Fatou K, Idaha Stella Gudio, Keita Seydou, Nouhoum Koné, PhD
This study investigates the relationship between student engagement and pronunciation gains when using AI powered tools among Malian tertiary level English language learners. Conducted as a quantitative correlational inquiry with 150 undergraduate students, the research employed a pretest/posttest design to measure pronunciation improvement after a 12week intervention using the AI driven application ELSA Speak. Engagement was operationalized through behavioral metrics such as time investment, session frequency, and task completion, aggregated into a composite Immersion Index. Results revealed a statistically significant improvement in pronunciation scores from pretest to posttest, with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.37). Strong positive correlations were found between all engagement indices and pronunciation gains, with the Immersion Index showing the strongest association (r = .72). Regression analysis confirmed engagement as a robust predictor of learning outcomes, explaining 52% of the variance in gains. Mediation analysis indicated that intrinsic motivation partially mediated the engagement gain relationship, accounting for 20% of the effect. Subgroup analysis showed a stronger correlation for female participants. The findings underscore the critical role of sustained and motivated engagement in maximizing the effectiveness of AI assisted pronunciation training, particularly in resource constrained contexts such as Mali. The study contributes to the growing literature on AI mediated language learning in African higher education and offers practical implications for curriculum design, teacher training, and educational policy aimed at leveraging AI tools to enhance English phonetic proficiency.
Maretha Dube
Given the multicultural configuration of Zimbabwean classrooms, teachers of science and technology, like educators across the field of all learning areas, are gradually being challenged to reflect how they and their learners perceive of and, as a result, construct knowledge. In an expanding globalised world, learners can easily become isolated from what is taught in science and technology, as well as the way it is taught. Using the Indigenous Standpoint Theory (IST) which purports that, when working in a community, there is need to involve and respect the ethos of the local people culturally, morally, socially and spiritually, this article looks into the value of incorporating indigenous knowledge systems in the teaching of science in primary schools. The paper recommends the inclusion of SeSotho indigenous knowledge systems in the school curriculum as means of demystifying science and technology to the indigenous communities.
Swati Pal
The question of whether the Earth possesses a biological heartbeat invites a profound interdisciplinary inquiry that bridges planetary science, ecology, philosophy, indigenous cosmology, and systems theory. Traditionally, Earth has been perceived as an inanimate sphere governed by mechanical forces, yet emerging research across climatology, complexity studies, oceanography, geophysics, and biospheric feedback processes suggests that the planet demonstrates rhythmic, self-regulating patterns analogous to biological pulse. Atmospheric oscillations, carbon absorption cycles, thermohaline circulation, Schumann resonances, geomagnetic pulses, vegetation rhythms, and tectonic breathing reveal coordinated fluctuations essential for maintaining habitability. These patterns resemble the dynamic equilibrium that a heartbeat sustains within living organisms. Indigenous traditions, from the Vedic concept of Pṛthvī Mātā to Andean Pachamama, have long regarded Earth as a sentient being with breath and pulse, offering interpretive frameworks that modern science is only now rediscovering through empirical observation. Climate disruption, biodiversity collapse, and hydrological instability can be understood as planetary arrhythmias—signals of systemic distress triggered by human activity. This perspective reframes environmental crisis not simply as degradation of resources but as trauma within a living system. Recognizing Earth’s rhythmic coherence challenges anthropocentric models and calls for a planetary ethic grounded in kinship rather than dominance. Listening for the planet’s pulse becomes both a scientific task and a moral responsibility, suggesting that the future of environmental thought lies in integrating measurable planetary rhythms with a renewed philosophy of relational existence. In this sense, the heartbeat of Earth is not merely a metaphor but a transformative lens through which humanity may reimagine its place within the living world.
Amel Hamrouni Dakoumi, Fourat Ben Amor, Hatem Dellagi
Trust in physicians and effective communication are central to high-quality healthcare, yet public confidence continues to decline amid concerns about unethical practices and communication breakdowns. Despite extensive scholarship in healthcare ethics, limited attention has been given to how patients subjectively perceive and assess ethical behavior through their lived experiences. This qualitative study examines how perceived communication shapes patient trust and evaluations of physicians’ ethical conduct within the Tunisian healthcare context, focusing on the relational mechanisms that inform ethical judgments. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 23 adult patients (12 men, 11 women; aged 19–68 years) recruited from several hospitals between April and June 2025. Interviews lasted 40–80 minutes, were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed. Three major themes emerged: (1) general healthcare experiences, highlighting marked contrasts between private services, whereas perceived as professional yet financially burdensome, and public services, characterized by overcrowding, limited resources, and staff negligence; (2) trust in doctors, comprising four components, such as empathy, knowledge, dependability, and reputation, that collectively shape trust formation; and (3) doctor–patient communication, encompassing seven subthemes including respect, transparency, humanizing rapport, simplification of information, honesty, communicative style, and comforting behavior. Participants emphasized that trust is not solely grounded in clinical competence but is deeply rooted in emotional connection, moral character, and the quality of interpersonal communication. Perceived communication thus functions as a decisive influence on trust in doctors. The findings suggest the imperative for healthcare institutions to enhance communication training and relational competencies alongside technical expertise, while underscoring the value of integrating communicative dimensions into ethical frameworks and quality-of-care assessments.
Dr. Alpana Shrivastava, Jyoti Kumari Pandey
Many civilisations’ spiritual and religious activities integrate medicinal plants, which serve not only as healing agents but also as emblems of deities or sacred elements in rituals. Certain plants, such as Aegle marmelos (Belvia tree), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China rose), Prosopis cineraria (Shami) and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Parijat), are employed to symbolise divine connection. Aside from their medical and spiritual processes, these sacred plants are culturally significant, with their use frequently prompting conservation efforts to safeguard their vital ecological and cultural heritage. This study summarises current literature (2020-2025) on selected species. The search approach focused on literature that included descriptions and was published within the last five years. The survey can be found in major scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. This study explores the ethnobotanical relevance of these plants and their local treatments for various diseases. It emphasises the significance of their utility for human health and the potential for pharmaceutical applications. Current research trends include ethnobotanical surveys, bibliometric analysis of global research, and the software of integrated scientific methodologies to better comprehend the therapeutic effects of natural compounds and construct more effective and sustainable pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. The primary concepts include secure long-term supply, ethnobotanical surveys to catalogue endangered species, and global collaboration to establish complete gene banks. Additionally, this research highlights the need of keeping traditional knowledge. It does so by promoting awareness and by comparing various cultural practices to improve the comprehension and protection of these unique plants before they are gone forever.
Beatrice Indimuli, Dr. Mbaro Peter, Sr. Dr. Rop Veronica
This research explored how women’s education level influences peaceful coexistence in Kibra Constituency, Nairobi County, Kenya. The specific objective of this study was to explore on how women’s education level influences peaceful coexistence in Kibra Constituency, Nairobi County, Kenya. The study utilized Social Network Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted for the purposes of this study. The target population for this study was 117,777, including men, women and youth, over the age of 18 years. The sample size of this study was 399 respondents were drawn from the five wards of Kibra Constituency, Nairobi County. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. Qualitative data and quantitative data analysis methods were used in this study. Data were coded and numbered from structured questions; classified into variables for the sake of clarity and stored in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 22). Descriptive statistical analysis was done on the output through frequencies and percentages using SPSS program. To fit with the study's objectives, thematic analysis was undertaken inline with the information extracted from the interviews with key informants, using a set of research questions for each theme, the study has revealed that education of women is crucial to peaceful coexistence in Kibra Constituency. Women who are educated are viewed to be more skilled in mediation, dialogue promotion, and community harmony. The study recommended that peace education and conflict resolution training should be embedded within women’s income-generation and empowerment projects to strengthen their role in community peace efforts.
Emily Mangwaya, Ezron Mangwaya, Silvia Mutadza
The Lowveld region of Zimbabwe, characterized by its arid climate and limited economic opportunities, faces significant challenges in achieving sustainable livelihoods. Agriculture, being the backbone of the region's economy, presents a viable pathway for improving rural livelihoods. However, the effectiveness of agricultural education in secondary schools plays a pivotal role in equipping the youth with the necessary skills and knowledge to engage in sustainable agricultural practices. This paper explores the current state of agricultural education in Lowveld secondary schools, identifies challenges faced in teaching Agriculture, and proposes intervention strategies to enhance the quality of agricultural education. The study argues that improving agricultural education can contribute significantly to sustainable livelihoods in the region. Data for this study was gathered through a review of existing literature, interviews with educators, focus group discussion with secondary school learners and observations in selected schools. The findings reveal gaps in the curriculum, inadequate resources, and a lack of practical training. The paper concludes with recommendations for curriculum reform, teacher training, and community engagement to foster sustainable agricultural practices and improve rural livelihoods.
Asim Kisku
The Santal tribe is one of the major Indigenous communities of Eastern India known for their close relationship with nature, agro-based lifestyle, and traditional ecological knowledge. Their agricultural practices use tools crafted from locally available materials, reflecting sustainable, environment-friendly technology. This paper discusses the major traditional agricultural equipment’s used by the Santals, their cultural value, and their potential to be promoted through tourism initiatives such as rural tourism, eco-cultural tourism, and heritage village tourism. The study is based on ethnographic interview, secondary literature review, and fieldbased observations conducted in selected Santals dominated regions across Jhargram District of Jangalmahal, West Bengal. Highlighting the cultural and economic significance of these indigenous tools can support both cultural preservation and livelihood enhancement.
Rekha Mathew
The development of Kannada detective fiction reflects a dynamic interplay between indigenous storytelling traditions and the conventions of mystery writing. This article explores the historical trajectory of the genre, focusing particularly on its early pioneers, with an emphasis on Nanjangud Thirumalamba, the first detective fiction writer in Kannada literature. Thirumalamba’s contributions through Daksha Kanya and Vikrama mark a significant moment in the evolution of Kannada detective narratives, showcasing both narrative ingenuity and socio-cultural engagement. Additionally, this article examines Kamala Sathianathan’s Detective Janaki, recognized as the first Indian detective novel written by a woman in English. Sathianathan’s work not only asserts female agency within the genre but also highlights the intersections of gender and investigative fiction in the Indian literary landscape. By tracing these foundational texts, this study seeks to contextualize the growth of detective fiction in Kannada literature while underscoring the pioneering roles played by women writers in shaping the genre.
A. Fairuzullah, A. Noraziah, Sofiyya A’thirah binti Saad
The Durian Spot Reservation System is an innovative digital platform that was developed to bridge the gap between durian farm owners in Johor and potential customers around the world. Guided by user needs and advisor feedback, the system simplifies the booking process, enhances accessibility to fresh durians, and introduces efficiency for sellers. The system accommodates users of varying ages through an intuitive web interface. Although not addressing the full durian supply right the moment, but it offers an effective solution for rural-urban market linkage and supports the agritourism sector.
Woodrow Wilson B. Merida
This study explored human resource development (HRD) practices within the Department of Education (DepEd) Northern Mindanao, emphasizing the lived experiences of HRD specialists in implementing professional development initiatives. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), data were collected from 13 purposively selected HRD specialists. Open-ended questions examined HRD practices, professional development needs, challenges in implementation, and program effectiveness. The coding and thematic analysis process revealed a structured framework encompassing leadership, well-being, technological skills, collaboration, and opportunities for advanced education. Key challenges included limited funding, inadequate staffing, resource accessibility issues, and inefficient organizational processes. Effective evaluation strategies highlighted measurable improvements in skills, competencies, and job performance among educators. The findings stress the critical need for prioritizing HRD programs to align with school division goals. With this, Schools Division Superintendents are urged to allocate sufficient resources, staffing, and materials to enhance the delivery and impact of professional development initiatives.
Thawalamagama TGCS
This paper critically analyses the psychological, sociological and skill-based reasons that lead ex-servicemen to take part in an organized crime. Psychologically, this causes post-service adjustment difficulties, including PTSD, depression, hypervigilance, and emotional regulation problems, whereas the Violent Veteran Model postulates that combat trauma leads to aggression, impulsivity, and risk-taking. Self-Medication Hypothesis also describes the way in which certain veterans resort to drugs to overcome trauma, becoming involved in criminal drug networks as a result of it. Isolation and disenfranchisement are aggravated by sociologically by unemployment, weaker family ties, and the disappearance of military comradeship. Social reintegration studies indicate that lack of stable jobs or adjusting to civilian life may force veterans into deviant subcultures which provide identity and economic gain. Being attractive, organized crime groups tend to reflect military hierarchy, discipline, and loyalty. The reasons involve skill-based factors as military training provides veterans with tactical, strategic, and weapon-related skills which can be abused. The findings highlight the importance of interdisciplinary assistance in dealing with both mental health and economic security in addition to identity rebuilding to provide safer reintegration.
Dr. R. Arjunan, S. Harish Kumar, S. Priyadharsini
The digital revolution has profoundly reshaped the global workforce, presenting both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for marginalized populations. For persons with disabilities, who have historically faced systemic barriers to employment and economic self-suffi ciency, the integration of technology into vocational training offers a transformative pathway toward greater socio-economic inclusion. This literature review synthesizes existing research to explore the impact of digital-age vocational training on livelihood enhancement for the disabled. The paper examines the evolution from traditional training models to technology-enabled frameworks, including e-learning platforms, virtual reality simulations, and the use of assistive technologies that customize the learning experience.
Dr. Kailash Pareek
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly shaping the educational sector by enabling personalized learning, intelligent tutoring, automated assessment, and administrative efficiency. While AI provides opportunities for innovation and inclusivity, challenges such as ethical issues, data privacy concerns, unequal access, and teacher resistance persist. This paper reviews current applications of AI in education, evaluates its impact on student outcomes, identifies barriers to adoption, and proposes future directions for research and development.
Professor Ifeoma Vivian Dunu, Uju Cecilia Onuchukwu
In the banking sector, AI-driven Public Relations (PR) strategies have gained prominence, with financial institutions leveraging chatbots, such as UBA’s Leo, to provide seamless customer interactions, promote services, and handle inquiries efficiently. The integration of AI in PR reflects the evolving landscape of corporate communication, where technology plays a crucial role in maintaining brand reputation, fostering customer trust, and enhancing overall engagement. In Nigeria, the United Bank for Africa (UBA) pioneered the use of AI chatbot in providing customer services, positioning itself as a leader in digital banking transformation. Examining the performance and utilisation of this new technology among UBA customers is essential. This study therefore, examined the utilisation of AI chatbot Leo as a digital PR strategy among UBA customers in south-east, Nigeria. The study was guided by two objectives. The study adopted mixed-methods approach that involved both quantitative and qualitative methods. The population of the study was 1,002,070 UBA customers across the 58 branches in south-east, Nigeria. A sample of 400 customers was drawn from the population for quantitative study while, 12 respondents participated in the in-depth interviews. The structured questionnaire and unstructured interview schedule were used for data collection. The study found among other things, low level of utilisation of AI chatbot among UBA customers in south-east Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others, that UBA should conduct customer education programs, including online tutorials, live demonstrations, and interactive sessions at bank branches, to familiarise customers with the features and benefits of AI chatbots.
Dr. Jayanta Majumder
This research investigates a vertical farming model integrated within traditional Indian paddy fields, designed to address land scarcity, monocrop dependency, and low spatial efficiency in conventional wetland cultivation. The study conceptualizes a novel multi-layer modular cultivation architecture consisting of a base paddy field combined with elevated trays fixed on structural metal supports—a 4×4 ft tray (5-ft high) and a 2×2 ft tray (3-ft high), each with 6-inch soil media. This vertical stratification allows simultaneous cultivation of paddy below and diversified crops (such as leafy vegetables, ornamentals, or pulses) above the same ground area. The methodology incorporates a hybrid soil-soilless system, leveraging drip irrigation, gravity-fed nutrient cycles, and solar micro-pumps to optimize water reuse. Comparative data indicate that such vertical structuring increases yield per acre by 40–60%, reduces water use by nearly half, and improves soil health and biodiversity. The overall productivity of a traditional one-acre paddy field can thus expand to an effective 1.5 acres. The study concludes that this vertical paddy-farming model can become a cornerstone of climate-smart agriculture and sustainable land intensification in India. It enables higher income from smaller holdings, encourages diversified production, and supports India's commitment to low-carbon, resource-smart rural development.
La Arnie L. Salvacion
Rural tourism has emerged as a significant avenue for sustainable development, promoting economic growth while preserving cultural and natural resources. This study assessed the viability of rural tourism in Malitbog, Southern Leyte, Philippines, focusing on natural beauty, cultural heritage, accessibility, accommodations, marketing, and socio-economic factors. The research also aimed to identify hindrances to tourism development and propose a tourism road map for sustainable growth. A descriptive-correlation research design was employed, utilizing primary data collected from 100 respondents, including 50 local residents and 50 tourists from selected barangays. Data were gathered through a validated researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, ranking, and Chi-square tests. Findings indicated that all aspects of rural tourism in Malitbog were rated highly viable. Natural beauty and resources received the highest ratings, followed by cultural heritage and activities. Accessibility, accommodation, marketing, and socio-economic factors were also deemed highly viable, highlighting Malitbog’s potential as a rural tourism destination. Hindrances identified included gaps in signage, safety measures, and tourism-related entrepreneurial skills. Statistical analysis revealed no significant relationship between respondents’ demographic profiles and their perceptions of tourism viability, suggesting that infrastructure, marketing, and community engagement are more influential factors. The study concludes that Malitbog possesses strong potential for sustainable rural tourism development. Recommendations include improving accessibility, enhancing safety and security measures, strengthening marketing efforts, and providing training to boost local participation. A proposed tourism road map outlines actionable strategies for stakeholders to harness tourism as a tool for inclusive economic growth and heritage conservation.
Fred K. Wamalwa
Poverty in developing countries escalates environmental predicaments among rural populations in arid and semi (ASAL) communities. A key understated outcome of livelihood occupations on human wellbeing is their consequence on water scarcity. Yet, most studies involving poverty and the environment overlook implications of rural livelihood options on the environment in marginal areas. The objective of this study was to examine water scarcity impact of household livelihoods in Kieni East and West sub counties of Nyeri County in Kenya. This was essential as rural ASAL populations are most affected by scarcity of water resources. The study adopted cross sectional mixed method approach that applied household survey for quantitative data collection. The qualitative data gathering techniques included semi structured interviews, focused group discussions and desk reviews. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to inaugurate a 400 sample size from a targeted population of 51,304 households. The study used independent T-Test to test statistical significance at p<0.05 for the two sites. Multiple regression techniques were applied to determine the influence of livelihood options on water scarcity in the study area. Based on the analysis, the study found linkage between livelihoods and water scarcity to be significant. Overall results at the two sites revealed water scarcity as predominantly instigated by household participation in forest based activities [B=0.264], livestock activities [B=0.184], and crop based activities [B=0.169] respectively. The results also demonstrated a higher impact of forest activities on water scarcity in Kieni East [B=0.313] than in Kieni West [B=0.231] at p<0.001; while livestock activities impact on water scarcity was more substantial in Kieni West [B=0.233] at P<0.05, compared to Kieni East [B=0.154] at p<0.05. The study concluded with some recommendations for policy and research consideration.
Dr. Paulomi Saha
This paper explores the relationship between women and technology in the context of modern Indian society, focusing on decision-making patterns within households. With rapid technological development, electronic gadgets such as washing machines, microwaves, refrigerators, and computers have become integral part of daily life. The research investigates whether women, particularly in middle-class families, fully benefit from these advancements. Using a sample of 30 respondents from Kalyani Township, Respondents were categorized into high, medium, and low groups based on gadget ownership. Findings indicate that decision-making is increasingly shared between husbands and wives, challenging the traditional view of male-dominated authority. Working women rely more on modern gadgets due to time constraints, yet their opinions often carry similar weight as non-working women. Younger women prioritize gadgets more than older women, reflecting generational shifts. Interestingly, many women still prefer entertainment devices over labour-saving appliances, suggesting that artificial needs often outweigh practical household considerations. The study concludes that despite the widespread availability of technology, women’s access to its full benefits remains limited, influenced by income level, education, and persistent gender roles. Greater empowerment and awareness can enhance women’s use of technology for reducing household burdens.
Cheryl I. Lagaac
Understanding the work-life balance (WLB) of nursing faculty is crucial for ensuring their overall well-being and quality of life. Identifying factors that contribute to a healthy work-life balance can ultimately lead to improved job satisfaction and retention. Work-life balance among nursing faculty is a critical issue due to the demanding nature of the profession, which includes teaching responsibilities, clinical duties, research requirements, and administrative tasks. This study determined the work-life balance of nursing faculty in a university. Descriptive correlational research was employed. A researcher modified questionnaire was used to obtain the profile of the 73 research respondents as well their work-life balance Majority of the subjects are between the ages of 40 to 59 years old, female, married, master’s degree holder, from UC- Banilad campus, and have 1 year to less than 5 years length of service.Overall, the respondents have balanced work-life. In terms of the specific indicators of work-life balance, the respondent’s have balanced work-life in terms of overall satisfaction and well being, work environment and culture, support and resources, and personal life impact. However, they have unbalanced work-life in terms of workload and flexibility, technology and connectivity, and rest and recuperation. In general, there is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, campus assigned and length of services, however there is significant relationship in terms of marital status and educational attainment. The study offers valuable insights into the work-life balance of nursing faculty, revealing that while demographic and professional characteristics play a role, they do not significantly impact their work-life balance. Further, work-life balance of nursing faculty suggest that they are supported by systems that help them manage their professional and personal responsibilities effectively. However, the study also identifies areas where work-life balance is compromised such as heavy workloads and limited flexibility, technological connectivity and insufficient rest and recuperation. The study recommends the implementation of the proposed action plan aimed at addressing these challenges to improve the work-life balance of the respondents conduct further studies on work-life balance of nurses.
Dr. Jeffrey B. Villena, Dr. Virgel E. Diamante
This study investigates the work environment and employee productivity in selected Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Manila, focusing on both faculty and non-academic staff. The research aims to assess how physical, social, and organizational aspects of the workplace influence individual and team productivity, as well as to identify challenges affecting employee performance. Data were collected through structured surveys and semi-structured interviews with 40 faculty members and 40 non-academic staff from three HEIs, using a mixedmethods approach for deeper insights. The results indicate that employees generally perceive the work environment as favorable, with the social environment rated highest, reflecting positive interpersonal relationships, effective communication, and collegiality. Employee productivity was also rated highly, particularly in terms of individual skills, task efficiency, and teamwork. Significant differences were observed between faculty and non-academic staff, with faculty consistently assigning higher ratings. Correlation analyses further revealed a strong, statistically significant relationship between the work environment and employee productivity, with the organizational environment emerging as the most influential factor. Key challenges identified include excessive workload, limited professional development opportunities, inconsistent supervision, and inadequate resources. Based on these findings, the study concludes that HEI employees demonstrate strong competence, motivation, and commitment, but targeted interventions are needed to optimize workload distribution, strengthen leadership communication, upgrade facilities, and provide continuous professional development. Implementing these strategies will enhance employee well-being, institutional performance, and long-term sustainability.
Dr. Rajendra K. Khatik, Dr. Vinod Kumar Bhatnagar, Mahima Chack
Objective: The aim is to investigate the relationship between employee productivity and work stress, with an emphasis on the mediating function of work-life balance among Indian corporate workers. Methodology: Using SPSS 25 with bootstrapping, a quantitative survey of 300 employees was examined using regression, mediation, and correlation tests based on Baron and Kenny's (1986) model. Findings: While work-life balance partially mediates this relationship and improves performance, work stress significantly reduces productivity. Conclusion: The study emphasizes how crucial it is to put in place organizational policies and initiatives that promote work-life balance in order to reduce stress and maintain worker productivity.