40 Articles
Isaac Adom Boachie
This study examines the dynamic relationship between financial development and financial inclusion in Ghana using time-series causality and cointegration techniques. Drawing on annual data spanning 2005–2023, the study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, Error Correction Models (ECM), Vector Error Correction Models (VECM), impulse response functions, forecast error variance decomposition, non-linear threshold models, panel estimations, time-varying parameter models, and structural equation modeling to capture both linear and non-linear dynamics. The ARDL bounds test confirms the existence of a stable long-run equilibrium relationship between financial development and financial inclusion. Empirical results reveal bidirectional causality, with financial development exerting a stronger and more persistent influence on financial inclusion, particularly in the post-digital finance era. Short-run dynamics indicate significant adjustment toward long-run equilibrium, while impulse response and variance decomposition analyses show that shocks to financial development increasingly explain variations in financial inclusion over time. Non-linear and time-varying estimates further demonstrate that the impact of financial development on inclusion intensifies beyond critical financial depth thresholds and strengthens over successive periods. Structural equation modeling highlights the mediating roles of financial infrastructure and regulatory quality in reinforcing this nexus. The findings underscore the complementary and mutually reinforcing nature of financial development and financial inclusion in Ghana. Policy implications emphasize the need for integrated financial sector reforms that deepen financial markets while expanding inclusive access through digital innovation, institutional strengthening, and regulatory efficiency to support sustainable and inclusive economic growth.
Chinyere Ebirika, Mike Johnson Ugbogbo, Oluwaseyi Oluwatola Omonijo, Oluwatobi Akanbi Johnson
Agricultural financing institutions in Nigeria are still structurally fragmented despite growing efforts to promote digital inclusion initiatives. Majority of the existing Agri-Fintech interventions concentrate on digital payments, mobile access or isolated credit analytics; however, they rarely offer an integrated architecture that connects data capture, decision-making automation, secure execution and continuous monitoring. In order to addresses that gap, this study proposed a Design Science-grounded ICT-based automation framework that restructures agricultural financial service delivery as an end-to-end system. Drawing on recent literature, the framework translates documented problem clusters into a five-layer architecture that includes stakeholder data formalization, interoperable ICT integration, embedded decision intelligence, secure transaction execution and adaptive feedback mechanisms. Each layer directly addresses a literature-identified systemic weakness, with explicit traceability between theoretical gaps and architectural components. An illustrative system execution scenario is used to demonstrate operational feasibility and end-to-end process flow. Evaluation results indicate that the framework improves integration, reduces decision time, enhances transaction traceability and supports inclusion in low-connectivity environments. The system reduces information asymmetry and limits fund diversion through controlled execution mechanisms. The framework offers a context-aware blueprint suitable for low-connectivity and high-risk agricultural environments, emphasizing execution integrity, transparency and institutional accountability. Despite being conceptual, the model establishes a systematic framework for prototyping, empirical validation and extendable policy implementation in developing countries.
Ambe Sangbong, Fonbeyin Henry Abanda, Laurantine Awah, Ngome Ngome
Indoor acoustic performance is increasingly recognized as a key component of sustainable interior design, influencing occupant’s comfort, perception, and productivity. Effective acoustic analysis requires the inte-gration of geometric data, such as spatial layout, with non-geometric data, including material sound absorption properties. While early-stage analysis is essential to avoid costly retrofits, current practices rely heavily on standalone tools like ODEON Room Acoustics Software, which often limit integration with the broader design workflow. Building Information Modelling (BIM) provides a holistic platform where acoustics can be em-bedded alongside architectural, structural, and sustainability considerations. This study addresses the gap between acoustic and sustainable interior design by developing a custom Revit plugin using the Autodesk Revit API in C#. The plugin calculates reverberation time (RT60) through Sabine’s and Eyring’s formulas, extracting geometric and material data from Revit and an external material database. Results are reintegrated into the BIM model as new attributes, enabling visualization within Revit, export as .csv files, and frequen-cy-based data highlighting. Findings show that embedding acoustic analysis within BIM enhances efficiency, supports informed material selection, and enables performance-based decision-making in sustainable interior design. By integrating sound quality with sustainability goals, this approach contributes to healthier, more comfortable, and environmentally responsible interior environments.
Dr. C.G. Vishnu Kumar, Dr. D. Ashalatha
Background: Neuromarketing has emerged as a field that applies neuroscience tools to understand consumer decision-making. However, the concept of neuromodulation – the targeted alteration of neural activity through external stimuli – represents a distinct and potentially more powerful paradigm for influencing consumer behavior at a neurophysiological level. Objective: To systematically map the existing literature on neuromodulation techniques applied to consumer buying behavior, identify the range of neuromodulatory interventions studied, critically appraise the evidence quality, and establish a research agenda for this emerging field. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from inception to March 2026. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used for quality assessment of included studies. Results: Of 98 records identified, 21 studies met inclusion criteria. Quality assessment revealed that 62% of studies were of moderate to high quality, with case series and proof-of-concept studies dominating the evidence base. The evidence mapped across three primary neuromodulatory approaches: 1) Caloric Vestibular Stimulation (CVS) demonstrating reduced purchase probability via insular cortex modulation; 2) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) affecting valuation and preference formation in prefrontal regions; 3) Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with emerging evidence for consumer choice modulation. Critical gap: The majority of studies focus on measurement (neuromarketing) rather than modulation (neuromodulation), with only CVS studies directly testing causal neuromodulatory effects on buying decisions. Conclusion: Neuromodulation of consumer behavior is an emerging but underdeveloped field. Caloric vestibular stimulation provides proof-of-concept that non-invasive brain stimulation can causally affect purchase decisions. Future research should prioritize replication studies, exploration of tDCS applications, and development of ethical frameworks.
Dr. Tanushree Nayak, Swasti Bisai
Love, in its most profound and intricate essence, serves as both a muse and a mirror to the human condition. The poetic oeuvre of Pradip Kumar Patra is a testament to this emotional force, skillfully portraying its many dimensions whether be it the ecstatic heights of romantic devotion, the despair of unrequited affection, or the contemplative nuances of spiritual love. This study embarks upon an exploration of the conceptualization of love within a select group of Patra’s poems, focusing on the ways in which the poet weaves the fabric of affection, longing, and intimacy into a tapestry of poignant imagery and thought-provoking metaphors. Patra’s poems unfold like vivid snapshots, each one a lens through which the various facets of love are magnified. Love in Patra’s works is not merely an emotion but an evolving journey, intricately intertwined with the landscapes of time, identity, and the metaphysical. At the heart of this study is an investigation into how Patra’s lyrical voice captures the multidimensionality of love, transcending the simplistic definitions often associated with the term. In Patra’s poems, love is not merely a feeling confined to the limits of human interaction, but an expansive force that reverberates through the rhythms of nature, history, and the cosmos. His poems are not merely expressions of affection but are a testament to how love can become a prism through which one perceives the entire spectrum of life’s beauty and sorrow. Moreover, Patra’s poems delve deeply into the intersection of love and spirituality, suggesting that love, in its purest form, can transcend the physical realm and become a connection to the divine. In his verses, love is often depicted in its quieter, more contemplative moments: the fleeting glance, the soft touch, the unspoken word. Through this exploration, it becomes evident that love in Pradip Kumar Patra’s poetry is not simply a thematic element but a lens through which we can examine the larger questions of existence, connection, and purpose. Thus, this study highlights the profound impact of love in Patra’s poetry, illustrating how it serves as both a personal and universal force that fosters transformation, connection, and self-discovery and challenges the traditional paradigms of it.
Dr Shivani Gupta (PT)
Background: Patient adherence to physiotherapy rehabilitation protocols remains a critical challenge globally, with rates as low as 40–65% reported in neurological and musculoskeletal populations. Artificial intelligence (AI) and wearable technology offer promising solutions for objective monitoring and improving exercise adherence beyond the clinic. Objectives: To review the current evidence on AI and wearable technology applications for monitoring and improving patient compliance with physiotherapy rehabilitation programmes. Methods: A narrative review methodology was employed consistent with PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines and structured using the PICO framework. Five electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PEDro, and Web of Science) for studies published between January 2018 and April 2026 using search terms related to artificial intelligence, machine learning, wearable technology, and physiotherapy adherence. Studies involving any adult demographic and any physiotherapy environment were incorporated. Results: Six core AI mechanisms were identified across the thirteen included studies: real-time monitoring, personalised feedback, gamification, predictive non-adherence detection, automated reminders and adaptive exercise progression. Six of the thirteen included studies addressed predictive non-adherence detection and adaptive exercise progression which were the most widely supported mechanisms. In contrast, five studies supported real-time monitoring, gamification, and automated reminders. Wearable smart watches and IMU-based systems provided strong and consistent evidence for objective real-time exercise recognition in both clinical and home settings. AI-driven virtual assistants and gamification platforms demonstrated the greatest potential to improve patient engagement and motivation in home-based rehabilitation. Evidence for gamification and adaptive progression was primarily derived from review-level and observational studies rather than from primary, randomised experimental research, leading to a need for robust clinical trials in these areas. Conclusion: AI and wearable technology offer a transformative but underused opportunity for monitoring adherence to physiotherapy. Robust clinical trials, particularly in neurological rehabilitation, are urgently needed. Physiotherapists and researchers must engage with these technologies to ensure evidence-based, equitable, and patient-centred implementation.
I. G. Saidu, K. A. Dabai, M. B. Abdullahi, Y. Abdullahi
This study presents the design and implementation of a low-cost indoor air quality monitoring and alert system capable of detecting particulate matter (〖PM〗_1.0,〖PM〗_2,5,〖PM〗_10).The system integrates real-time sensing, data acquisition, and an alert mechanism using LED indicators and a buzzer. Experimental results demonstrated strong dynamic responsiveness between particulate matter concentrations, exposure duration, and pollutant density, validating the sensor’s sensitivity and measurement stability under controlled indoor conditions. The prototype effectively detected rapid changes in air quality, issued timely alerts under unhealthy conditions, and returned toward baseline values after exposure. These findings highlight its reliability, affordability, and suitability for indoor applications, particularly in resource-limited environments.
Anazia Eluemunor Kizito, Maduabuchukwu Christopher, Nwokolo Geofrey Augustine
This study presents an Intelligent Role-Based Access Control model enhanced with Risk-Based Multi-Factor Authentication (R-MFA) to overcome the limitations of traditional Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and standard role-based access control with Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) approaches. The model combines structured authorization with adaptive, context-aware authentication to achieve a better balance between security and system performance. Its effectiveness was assessed by comparing it with traditional role-based access control and role-based access control integrated with multi-factor authentication using key performance metrics such as authentication time, access success rate, false acceptance rate (FAR), system throughput, and security strength index. The findings reveal that traditional role-based access control offers the fastest authentication time (1.2 seconds) and highest throughput (120 requests per second), but suffers from weaker security, with a 6.5% FAR and a security strength index of 68.0%. The introduction of standard multi-factor authentication improves security, increasing the success rate to 96.2% and reducing FAR to 3.1%, although it leads to higher authentication time (3.8 seconds) and lower throughput (95 requests per second). In contrast, the Intelligent role-based access control model enhanced with risk-based multi-factor authentication achieves a more balanced outcome, delivering a 97.8% success rate, a low FAR of 1.2%, moderate authentication time of 2.4 seconds, throughput of 110 requests per second, and the highest security strength index of 94.2%. Overall, the results highlight the model’s ability to enhance security without significantly compromising system efficiency.
Apurva Kanyalkar
The research focuses on reassessing the global fashion goods industry across its value chain using digital literacy and digital transformation. It encompasses design, material sourcing to manufacturing, logistics, and retail. Illustrating five major categories of digital technologies—connectivity tools, transaction processing platforms, analytical and data visualization tools, security systems, and artificial intelligence. The study explores how digital capabilities enhance responsiveness, traceability, operational excellence, and customer experience. With a structured analysis of value chain functions, the study highlights utilization of digital tools in addressing persistent industry challenges like volatile demand, long lead times, sustainability compliance, counterfeiting and logistics complexity. The paper further examines use of digital tools in planning processes including forecasting, inventory optimization, production scheduling, and logistics execution. Emerging future readiness themes such as AI driven design, intelligent retailing, cybersecurity, resilience against geopolitical and climate disruptions are discussed to summarize the next stage of digital evolution. The study concludes that digital literacy is a technical competency along with a strategic capability that will define competitiveness, adaptability, and sustainable growth in the fashion goods industry.
Aina Oluwagbenga Oluwole, Bamise Paul Adedayo, Ojo Akintunde Akinsehinde, Oloruntimilehin Oyindamola Esther, Owolabi Babajide Augustine
Pain is a major and distressing symptom among orthopedic patients, often hindering recovery, psychological wellbeing, and quality of life. Although global progress has been made in pain management, inadequate awareness and negative perceptions of pain relief options persist, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In Nigeria, particularly Ekiti State, limited studies have explored patients’ knowledge and perceptions regarding pain and available management strategies. This study assessed the awareness and perception of pain and pain-management options among orthopedic patients in selected tertiary hospitals in Ekiti State and examined the factors influencing their utilization, including commonly used non-pharmacological methods. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed among patients receiving care in the orthopedic units of Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti and Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital. Using a total enumeration and convenience sampling approach, 53 eligible patients aged 18 years and above were recruited. Data were collected using a validated structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 27, using descriptive and inferential statistics at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed generally low awareness, with 58.5% demonstrating poor knowledge of pain-management options. Perception was largely negative (62%), with misconceptions linking analgesics to addiction, weakness, and adverse effects. Key influencing factors included inadequate health-worker education, fear of addiction, high cost or unavailability of medications, and cultural beliefs. Prayer, distraction, and positioning were common non-pharmacologic methods, while evidence-based techniques were underused. Both null hypothesis were accepted meaning there is no significant relationship between the level of education(p=0.5412), as well as duration of admission and awareness and perception of pain management. The study concludes that orthopedic patients exhibit poor awareness and negative perceptions toward pain-management options.
Michelle D. Dinampo
A triangular socio-economic contributory shackle to Ghana’s fiscal management practices is observed. Notably, a National, Institutional and Community level socio-economic shackles are systemic in the democratic governance structures and found to have very profound negative effect on Annual Tax Revenues and GDP Growth. Total Public Debt was found to have both long-run positive (0.10%) and negative (0.12%) effect on GDP using Variable Selection and Stepwise Least squares (VARSEL) model. Proposed radical solutions to the contributory shackles could free significant fiscal space for phenomenal economic investments that are more likely to make Ghana exit its structural developmental gaps over a decade. The essay concludes by postulating an optimal total debt level of 30% of GDP; a reorganization of the national parliament, employment of technology in revenue collection, critical investments in effective transport network, agriculture, education and reliable national internet connectivity.
Brindha C., Malavika J., Pooja K.M.E., Sowmia Narayani V.
Spices play a vital role in food products by enhancing the flavor, aroma, and nutritional value. The overall quality of the spices relies on a proper roasting and grinding process. By using methods, we can’t achieve the best quality of spice powders because these processes may lead to the damage of volatile compounds, excessive moisture removal, and uneven roasting of spices. To avoid such problems, we have designed a portable spice roaster cum grinder in a compact size for the usage of households and small-scale industries .Our system integrates roasting and grinding using Arduino-based control mechanism to ensure controlled time and temperature during the processing time. Experimental trails were done for the coriander and cumin seeds. For coriander (initial weight: 25 g), the efficiency increased gradually from 1.6% to 6.4% with increasing roasting time. The optimum condition was selected at Trial 7, where the final weight was 23.5 g with an efficiency of 6%. At this stage, uniform light brown color, strong aroma, and absence of burning were observed, indicating effective roasting.For cumin (initial weight: 25 g), the efficiency ranged from 2.0% to 6.8%. The optimum condition was achieved at Trial 6, with a final weight of 23.4 g and an efficiency of 6.4%. Cumin showed slightly higher efficiency due to its smaller size and higher surface area, allowing faster heat transfer and moisture removal.Grinding efficiency reached 100% at 25 seconds for coriander and 20 seconds for cumin, producing fine powder of uniform particle size. The developed system demonstrated improved efficiency, consistency, reduced processing time, and better retention of flavor and aroma.
Deborah A. Abong'o, Joyce G.N. Kithure, Precious M. Mumo
Maize is a staple food consumed by the Kenyan population; however, heavy metal contamination in maize seeds poses significant health risks. This study determined the levels of lead (Pb2+), cadmium (Cd2+), zinc (Zn2+), copper (Cu2+), and manganese (Mn2+), in three maize seed varieties harvested from Masii Ward, Mwala Sub-County, Machakos County, Kenya. Fresh and dry SC Duma 43 and SC Sungura 301 hybrid with Indigenous Kamba (Kinyaanya) maize seeds, were collected from selected farms in Mbaani, Kathama, and Muthei sub-location in Masii Ward and transported to the Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, for analysis. The dried and ground maize seeds were digested using an optimized acid mixture of HNO₃, HClO₄, and H₂O₂ in a ratio of 2.5:0.75:0.5 v/v at 105°C for 2.5 hours. The heavy metals were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that zinc levels ranged from 0.343 ± 0.0505 mg/g to 0.389 ± 0.0007mg/g, cadmium from 0.562 ± 0.217 mg/g to 1.998 ± 0.110 mg/g, copper from 0.700 ± 0.0380 mg/g to 0.756 ± 0.101 mg/g, manganese from 0.270 ± 0.0586 mg/g to 2.745 ± 0.851 mg/g, and lead from 8.247 ± 0.798 mg/g to 10.449 ± 0. 398 mg/g. Despite falling below World Health Organization / Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO), and Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) limits , the detected levels of zinc, copper, and manganese requires monitoring regarding long-term bioaccumulation. Cadmium and lead levels exceeded permissible limits (0.1 and 0.5 mg/g, respectively), with lead concentration particularly high across all three varieties. The analysis revealed that maize seeds pose severe health risks and are unfit for human consumption. This study highlights the urgent need for regular monitoring of heavy metals contamination in food crops and for the implementation on remediation strategies to safeguard public health in Machakos County and similar agricultural regions in Kenya.
Dr .A. Lovelin Jerald, Shri Nidhi M, Sreelakshmi Anil, Visalini T
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a common oilseed crop. The way it is processed after harvesting greatly affects product quality and economic value. Decortication is the process of separating kernels from shells. Traditionally, this is done using manual or semi-mechanized methods. These methods require a lot of labour, take up considerable time, and often lead to higher losses. This study reviews the existing methods for decorticating groundnuts and points out their shortcomings in efficiency, kernel damage, and scalability. Based on these findings, we suggest a new design for a groundnut decorticator. This design includes a cylindrical shelling mechanism that aims to improve the effectiveness of shelling while keeping the kernels intact. The new design prioritizes simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and is suitable for small- and medium-scale operations. This work lays the groundwork for further development and testing of better decortication systems to improve post-harvest processing.
Chaudhary Raj Ashok, Riya Khare
This paper presents the design and implementation of an IoT-based accident detection and alert system using Raspberry Pi 3B+. The system integrates a vibration sensor, GPS module, and Telegram-based communication to enable real-time accident notification. To address limitations of single-sensor systems, the proposed framework incorporates threshold-based validation and discusses the integration of multi-sensor fusion for improved reliability. Experimental evaluation is conducted to analyze system performance in terms of detection accuracy, response time, and false alarm rate. Results demonstrate that the system can generate alerts within an average latency of 3–5 seconds. The proposed system provides a low-cost and scalable solution for real-time accident monitoring, with future scope for machine learning-based prediction and cloud integration.
Agom Emmanuel Agom, Felix Edoiseh Ehidiamhen, Grace Chukwu Chinyere, Iteshi Onyekachi
The increasing cost of healthcare services globally has placed a significant financial burden on households, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where health insurance coverage remains inadequate. Out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) has emerged as a critical issue, as patients and their families often bear the direct costs of medical treatments, medications, and associated non-medical expenses. Unlike systems where healthcare is funded through taxation or insurance, OOPE exposes individuals to financial distress, with many facing catastrophic health expenditures that push them into poverty. In Nigeria, healthcare financing is predominantly structured on a "cash-and-carry" basis, where patients must pay directly for services at the point of care. This system disproportionately affects low-income populations, who may forgo necessary treatments due to financial constraints. Despite government efforts to introduce health insurance schemes, such as the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), coverage remains limited, leaving a substantial portion of the population reliant on OOPE. In an effort to address the lack of financial risk protection, the Federal Government of Nigeria launched the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2005 with the goals of ensuring that households are protected from the financial burden of out-of-pocket health payments and that access to quality healthcare services is made possible. The majority of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Nigeria, are grappling with the issue of poverty. Financial protection ensures that households do not face financial hardship and become impoverished as a result of seeking healthcare. The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was introduced to provide social health insurance (SHI) to Nigerians and ensure Universal Health Coverage (UHC). (WHO; 2010). However, according to the National Insurance Scheme (2019), federal government employees are the only ones required to participate in the NHIS programs, which fall under the categories of Formal Sector, Informal Sector, and Vulnerable Sector. In contrast, state government employees are not legally aentitled to be beneficiaries
Abd Rashid Li, Azman Mohamed, Mohd Kamal Nik Hasan, Zaridah Mohd Zaki
Thermal processing plays a critical role in modulating the phytochemical composition and biological activity of plant extracts. This study investigated the effects of extraction temperature (40–100 °C) and duration (15–180 min) on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant capacity, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa water extract. TPC was maximized at 40 °C for 30 min (48 mg GAE/g), whereas TFC peaked at 60 °C for 30 min (650 mg CE/g). DPPH radical scavenging activity remained relatively stable across extraction conditions (75–90%), with optimal activity observed at 80 °C for 120 min. In contrast, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) increased with temperature, reaching a maximum at 100 °C for 120 min (2100 µM Fe²⁺/g). Notably, pancreatic lipase inhibition was highest at 100 °C for 30 min (92%), approaching the activity of the reference inhibitor orlistat. Antioxidant activity did not directly correlate with total phenolic or flavonoid content, indicating that qualitative changes in phytochemical composition contribute significantly to bioactivity. These findings demonstrate that extraction parameters should be optimized based on the targeted functional endpoint, with high-temperature short-time conditions favoring enzyme inhibition, while moderate conditions preserve antioxidant-associated phytochemicals. This study provides a bioactivity-driven framework for optimizing aqueous extraction of H. sabdariffa for functional food and nutraceutical applications.
Aubrey Jane Dagdag, Cindy Nicole Obar, Janessa Joy Arnado, Jocel Amper, Justine Lozano, Renalyn Coralde
This study examined the effectiveness of cursive writing instruction in enhancing the fine motor skills of Grade 3 pupils in face-to-face classes at Doña Rosario Elementary School. Using a mixed-method experimental design, two groups were compared: a control group that continued with regular handwriting practice and an experimental group that received structured cursive writing instruction. Pre-test and post-test tasks assessed sentence writing, paragraph writing, and narrative writing. Results revealed that the experimental group achieved significantly greater improvements (gains of +5.80 to +6.25) compared to the control group (+1.55 to +1.90). A t-test indicated a statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.001), confirming that cursive writing positively enhances writing fluency, hand coordination, and stroke control. Qualitative feedback from teachers supported these findings, highlighting increased confidence and smoother writing performance among pupils exposed to cursive instruction. The study concludes that cursive writing is an effective tool for improving fine motor development and writing proficiency in Grade 3 learners.
Adam A. Wali, Adamu A., Machina M. A., Machina M.M., Muhd Talba
Enacted in 2007 upon World Bank recommendation, Nigeria’s Federal Public Procurement Act established a mandatory framework to ensure transparency, competition, and value for money in public procurement. Adhering to this mandate, Yobe State enacted its Public Procurement Law in 2016, covering the state government and its 17 local government areas. This study examines the effectiveness of the law on state and local government construction projects, utilizing questionnaires from 320 participants selected through a purposive, maximum variation sampling technique. Seven construction success factors identified in the law were analyzed based on field data, which showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.865). The analysis yielded an overall weighted mean score of 2.25 on a 4-point Likert scale, indicating overwhelming dissatisfaction with the law’s effectiveness on state and local government construction projects in Yobe state. Regarding the seven factors, the study revealed that construction delivery suffers from high bureaucratic inefficiency and lack of transparency (71.43% dissatisfaction), irregular issuance of certificate of no objection (79.07% dissatisfaction), and poor regulatory compliance (73.95% dissatisfaction). This exists despite moderate satisfaction (66.28%) in the payment of mobilization fees and some level of satisfaction (57.98%) in final project delivery. Conversely, contractors were found wanting in the presentation of bid security (83.72% dissatisfaction) and performance guarantee (79.07% dissatisfaction). The study concludes that the law is largely ineffective on state and local government construction projects in Yobe State. Consequently, it recommends strengthening regulatory oversight, digitizing procurement processes for enhanced transparency, and training procurement officers on mandatory legal compliance.
Derick Oduro, Ebenezer Jeremiah Durosimi Belford, Nana Opoku Agyeman
Soil moisture stress is a major constraint to cocoa production in West Africa, particularly under changing climatic conditions. This study evaluated the response of the seedlings of three cocoa varieties and selected genotypes to soil moisture stress under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) involving seven cocoa genetic materials (three varieties and four selected genotypes) subjected to four soil moisture stress treatments, each replicated four times. Pots were randomly arranged on greenhouse benches to minimize environmental variation. Cocoa seedlings were exposed to controlled soil moisture levels representing drought stress conditions. Morphological and physiological parameters, including plant height, leaf area, stem thickness, leaf and soil relative water content, chlorophyll content (NDVI), and root anatomical characteristics, were assessed. Soil moisture stress significantly affected seedling growth and physiological performance (p < 0.05). Seedlings exposed to reduced moisture levels exhibited decreases in plant height, leaf area, and chlorophyll content compared to well-watered plants. However, certain genotypes maintained relatively higher NDVI values and improved root development under moisture stress, suggesting enhanced drought tolerance. Genotypes PA150 and Forastero showed superior drought tolerance, while PA7 and C42 were highly susceptible. Based on percent reduction from control, Forastero (23% reduction from 20.5 to 15.8 leaves) was more tolerant than Criollo (28% reduction from 21.8 to 15.8 leaves), despite similar absolute leaf counts under severe stress. These findings highlight the importance of identifying drought-tolerant cocoa varieties or genotypes for breeding programs to improve climate resilience in cocoa production systems in Ghana and across West Africa.
Anegbe S. Abel, Folasire M. Ayorinde, Oladeji A. Adebayo, Sarimiye O. Foluke
Background Oncology residency training is associated with high emotional and professional demands, predisposing trainees to burnout. In low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria, systemic challenges may further increase this risk. This study assessed emotional burnout and job satisfaction among oncology residents in Nigeria and identified associated factors. Methods A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted among oncology residents across seven accredited tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire incorporating the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Job Satisfaction Survey. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression models were used to evaluate associations between burnout, job satisfaction, and sociodemographic variables. Results A total of 57 residents participated (mean age 33.7 ± 4.9 years; male: female = 2.2:1). Emotional exhaustion was high (3.50 ± 0.82), while depersonalization and personal accomplishment were moderate. Overall job satisfaction was moderate (3.12 ± 0.84), with high satisfaction in supervisor support and co-worker relationships but lower satisfaction with work environment. Emotional exhaustion showed a strong negative correlation with job satisfaction (r = –0.61, p < 0.001). Early-year residents had significantly higher burnout (p = 0.022). Female gender predicted lower job satisfaction (p = 0.046). Low job satisfaction, poor work environment, and long working hours were significant predictors of burnout. Conclusion Oncology residents in Nigeria experience substantial emotional burnout, particularly in early training years. While interpersonal support is strong, systemic factors such as workload and work environment drive burnout. Targeted institutional interventions are needed to improve resident well-being and sustain the oncology workforce.
Collins Antwi, Eric Tieku Agyemang, Happy Boamah Gyasi, Roselyn Agyemang
The energy and financial sectors have been incorporated into the quest to solve climate change, with increasing recognition of the direct impacts that financial institutions' lending and investment practices have on environmental sustainability. This study applies Quantile Autoregressive Distribution Lags (QARDL) Model to examine the dynamic impact of energy efficiency budgeting on carbon dioxide emissions, controlling carbon footprint of banks’ portfolios in United Kingdom. First, an in-depth descriptive statistics analysis of data for various variables are conducted. The study then uses Quantile Augmented Dickey-Fuller to test for stationarity, then proceeds to perform Quantile Cointegration test and closely followed by Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lags (QARDL) estimation to examine the impact of energy efficiency budgeting and carbon footprint of banks’ portfolios on carbon dioxide emissions. The empirical results validate the findings of stationarity for each variable. There is evidence of first-order differential integration I (1) among variables. There is a cointegration link between the three variables and that they have a more prolonged and stabled relationship. The results showed that energy efficiency budgeting has a reducing effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Its effectiveness varies across different emission quantiles, there is the need for a flexible budgeting approach. Policymakers should develop mechanisms to adjust budget allocations based on current emission levels, potentially increasing budget during periods when the impact is likely to be strongest. However, carbon footprint of banks portfolios promote rise in carbon dioxide reduction. The central bank of UK should implement mandatory carbon screening tools for bank portfolios. These mechanisms would help banks understand and manage their immediate carbon impact. Banks should be required to develop comprehensive carbon accounting systems that track both direct and indirect emissions from their investments
Hamisu Mukhtar, Jabir Isah Karofi, Muhammad Nuraddeen Ado
Machine learning (ML) has become a cornerstone of modern anomaly detection, yet existing reviews predominantly emphasize pre-2021 studies and focus narrowly on network intrusion detection. Building upon these limitations, this paper presents an integrative review of machine learning models for anomaly detection published between 2020 and 2025, emphasizing hybridization, explainability, and cross-domain applicability. Using Bou Nassif et al. (2021) and Yang et al. (2022) as baseline systematic reviews, we extend their scope through the inclusion of recent developments such as adaptive density-based clustering (K-DBSCAN, GWOKM), optimized support-vector models (EMSVM), explainable Isolation Forest derivatives (DIFFI, RIFIFI), and active-learning frameworks (ALIF). The study systematically maps algorithms, performance metrics, and application domains ranging from cybersecurity and industrial systems to geochemical and renewable-energy contexts. Results reveal an emerging shift toward interpretable, data-centric, and federated approaches capable of handling concept drift and limited labeling. We identify persistent challenges in cross-domain generalization, dataset imbalance, and evaluation standardization. A conceptual taxonomy linking model family, evaluation criteria, and domain context is proposed to guide future research. This review thus bridges earlier surveys with the current generation of intelligent, interpretable, and adaptive ML systems, providing a comprehensive foundation for advancing anomaly detection research beyond traditional network-centric paradigms.
Elizabeth Sandu George, Faraja Idd Athuman, Herieth Benedict Manyikila, Protaz Nyambuye Ladisalus, Richard J Mbaula, Stanslaus Peter Kashinje
This study investigates the efficacy of remedial physics classes in enhancing academic performance among secondary school students in Luguruni area, Ubungo District, Tanzania by using the mixed method. Against a backdrop of systemic educational challenges including overcrowded classrooms, resource limitations, and persistent underperformance in national science examinations, remedial interventions emerge as critical supports for struggling learners. Remedial physics classes are crucial for supporting students struggling with foundational concepts, yet student perspectives on these interventions are often overlooked. This study explored the lived experiences and the impact of remedial physics classes on students attending remedial physics programs for secondary schools in Luguruni area. Guided by Constructivist Learning Theory of Piaget, Cognitive Load Theory by Sweller, and Zone of Proximal Development by Vygotsky, the research employed an embedded pragmatic design. Data were collected through questionnaires from 177 students across five secondary schools and semi-structured interviews with physics teachers. Key findings reveal that over 94% of remedial participants (143/152 students) demonstrated measurable improvement in physics comprehension and problem-solving abilities, attributed to targeted instructional strategies such as small-group collaboration, individualized feedback, and hands-on experimentation or activities. Crucially, a 44% performance gap was identified between students of comparable baseline ability who attended remedial classes and non-participants, underscoring the intervention’s significant impact. Thematic analysis highlighted student motivation, teacher student ratio, session frequency, and peer-supported learning as primary mediators of success. The study concludes that remedial program practices have a strong positive impact on the academic performance of learners in Physics in Luguruni area, Ubungo District and shows big performance gap between students who attended remedial classes and students who did not. The study recommends that Schools should implement structured remedial programs tailored to the specific needs of students and increase the frequency of remedial sessions. In addition there should be smaller teacher-student ratios in remedial classes.
Alfred A. Abiodun, Awopeju K. Abidemi, Bright F. Ajibade
Using the Exponentiated approach and three-parameter Weibull distribution as baseline function, a newly generalized distribution was formed called the Exponentiated Generalized Modified Weibull distribution. One of the properties of a proper probability density function was used to ascertain that the resulting function is a proper probability density function. Statistical properties of the newly generated distribution were studied and graphs of probability density and cumulative density functions of the distribution were plotted using varying parameter values. Monte Carlo simulation approach was used for the test of homogeneity of the distribution and it was observed that the parameters in the distribution approach the true value as sample size increases. The distribution was compared with some of the existing distributions in its category and it was observed that the distribution outperformed the existing distributions using secondary data. Therefore, it was concluded that Exponentiated Generalized Modified Weibull distribution can be adopted in modeling events involving distributions of its category
Ezeamaechi, Ejiofor Chibuzor, Kalu, O. Obasi, Ubuoh Emmanuel Attah
Heavy metal contamination of fish is a serious public health concern worldwide and Nigeria is not an exception to this. In this study, eight commonly consumed fish species namely; African Cat Fish (Clarias gariepinus), Croacker Fish (Micropogonias undulatus), Sardine Fish (Sardinella maderensis), NileTilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Tilapia (Tilapia zillii), Bony Tongue Fish (Heterotis niloticus), Cat Fish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) and Elephant Fish (Campylomomyrus rhychophorus) were analyzed for Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn) and Mercury (Hg) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The fish samples were collected from fisher men at the beaches. The Estimated Daily Intake, Target Hazard Quotient, Health risk index, Hazard Index, and Carcinogenic/Cancer Risk (CR) were assessed for adults and children. Heavy metal analysis showed that Pb, Cr, Zn and Cd were observed in all the fish species, Cu in some of the fish species while Hg and As were not observed in any of the fish species. Cd and Pb exceeded the maximum permissible limit. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values for the metals were lower than the recommended dietary allowance for adults for both seasons while Pb exceeded the recommended dietary allowance for children at Tourist beach and Ibeno beach during the wet season, Tourist, Ibeno, Okpoama and Asaba beaches during the dry season. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) were <1 for all the fish species in adults and children for both season indicating no apparent health risk from these heavy metals over a life time of exposure. Health Risk Index (HRI) was <1 in all the fish species in all the adults indicating no apparent health risk from these heavy metals over a life time of exposure while HRI was <1 in children from all the beach waters except Cr in Tourist and Agenobode beaches during the wet and dry season respectively. Hazard Index for all the fish species from beach waters were <1 for both adults and children for both season showing that the non-carcinogenic adverse effect is negligible. The carcinogenic risk for both adults and children, showed all estimated values for Cr, Cd, As and Pb for some of the fish species to be above the tolerable limit. This indicates that excessive consumption over a long time period might cause carcinogenic effect as the Cancer Risk (CR) values were higher than the acceptable guideline value (10−4–10−6) (E−6 and E−4). This indicates that consumption of fish from these beach waters should be of concern to the public that patronize barbecue sellers at the beaches. This calls for periodic monitoring of heavy metals in fish species sold at the beaches as well as sensitization of the beach tourists on the need to check what they consume.
Anyakoha, Chukwunonye N., Belinda U. Anyakoha
This study investigates the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives on consumer purchase decisions in Nigeria's fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector, a highly competitive market characterized by frequent, low-involvement purchases and intense rivalry. While traditional factors like price, quality, and availability dominate decision-making, growing consumer awareness in emerging economies has elevated CSR—encompassing social, environmental, and ethical dimensions—as a strategic differentiator that shapes brand trust, credibility, and loyalty. Drawing on stakeholder theory, signalling theory, and the theory of planned behaviour, the research addresses a key gap in context-specific empirical evidence from Nigeria, where socio-economic challenges amplify expectations for corporate societal contributions. A quantitative cross-sectional survey of 397 urban FMCG consumers revealed that CSR initiatives exert significant positive effects on purchase decisions (R² = 0.52), with social CSR showing the strongest impact (β = 0.32), followed by ethical (β = 0.28) and environmental (β = 0.21) dimensions. Consumer perception of CSR partially mediates these relationships, confirming that perceived authenticity, trust, and relevance translate CSR actions into behavioural outcomes rather than direct effects alone. These findings highlight the salience of community-oriented initiatives in developing contexts while underscoring the need for transparent communication to counter scepticism. The study advances understanding of multidimensional CSR in low-involvement markets and offers practical guidance for FMCG firms seeking competitive advantage through responsible practices aligned with local consumer values.
Dr. Wing Cheung TANG., 3Ir K. M. CHAN, Ir Dr Assoc Professor Samuel Kwok Piu LIP, Ir K. M. CHAN
The design, renovation, and retrofitting of hotels, restaurants, and hospitals are very difficult because they must deal with a lot of different things at once, including architectural aesthetics, building services engineering, structural integrity, and compliance with many different rules. This paper combines knowledge from different fields with rules that are specific to Hong Kong to make a single guide for professionals who work with these types of facilities. The paper looks at the steps involved in sequential renovation, such as demolition, service coordination, ceiling installation sequencing, and finishing works, while also talking about the different operational needs of each type of facility. The focus is on strategies for optimising space in food and beverage design, the integration of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing services in hotel developments (including swimming pool systems, guest room layouts, and gymnasium ventilation), and the unique ventilation and pressure management needs of healthcare facilities, especially in terms of preventing and controlling infections. The paper critically examines a recent incident concerning a malfunctioning operating theatre lamp in Hong Kong to demonstrate the repercussions of inadequate design integration and craftsmanship. This paper provides practitioners with a comprehensive framework for achieving quality outcomes in these facility types by systematically reviewing licensing requirements, construction sequencing, and discipline-specific design considerations. Recognised are the constraints pertaining to quantitative design parameters and comprehensive regulatory oversight, accompanied by suggestions for additional research.
Akpan, Nsima A., Aliyu Sarah O., Anukam, Basil N., Anumaka, Collins C., Etukudo, Nsikan J., Ndife, Chidiebere T., Okafor, Brian O., Okonkwo, Princewill C., Okpanachi, Clifford B., Okpoji, Awajiiroijana U., Onuchukwu, Ejikeme E., Otuuh, Azubuike G.
This study presents an integrated seismic and petrophysical evaluation of structurally controlled hydrocarbon prospects in the Eastern Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria. A high-resolution 3D post-stack time-migrated seismic dataset covering approximately 125 km² was analysed alongside well log data from three exploration wells to delineate structural traps and assess reservoir characteristics. Three key reservoir horizons (H1–H3), occurring between 1850 ms and 2600 ms two-way travel time (approximately 2450–3150 m depth), were identified within fault-assisted closures associated with NE–SW trending growth faults and rollover anticlines. Seismic attribute analysis, including RMS amplitude, instantaneous frequency, acoustic impedance, and sweetness, reveals pronounced amplitude anomalies and low-frequency shadows consistent with hydrocarbon-related effects. Petrophysical evaluation indicates excellent reservoir quality, with porosity ranging from 22.8% to 26.1%, permeability between 1320 mD and 1600 mD, and hydrocarbon saturation averaging approximately 71%. Volumetric estimation yields a Stock Tank Oil Initially in Place (STOIIP) of about 185 million barrels, suggesting significant commercial potential. However, uncertainties related to seismic resolution, lithological effects on amplitude response, and assumptions in petrophysical modelling introduce moderate risk, reflected in a geological chance of success of 0.45. The results demonstrate that integrating seismic structural interpretation, attribute analysis, and quantitative petrophysical evaluation provides a robust framework for reducing exploration uncertainty and enhancing hydrocarbon prospect assessment in structurally complex deltaic systems.
Silayi Tashrifa Otenyo, Wilson Muna PhD
Access to accurate information on abortion laws and policies plays a critical role in shaping women’s reproductive health decisions. In Kenya, uncertainty and misconceptions regarding the legal provisions governing abortion continue to influence women’s choices, often resulting in unsafe abortion practices. This study sought to examine the effect of knowledge of abortion laws and policies on abortion choices among women in Bungoma County. The study was guided by the Health Belief Model, which emphasizes the influence of perceived knowledge and awareness on individual health-related decisions. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting 78 young women aged 18–24 years, 10 Kenya Registered Nurses, and 10 gynecologists. Data from the women were collected using structured questionnaires administered through snowball sampling, while key informant interviews were conducted with nurses and gynecologists. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically using Nvivo. The findings revealed that knowledge of abortion laws and policies had a strong positive influence on abortion choices among young women, with those possessing accurate legal awareness more likely to seek safe and medically supervised abortion services. Limited knowledge and prevailing misinformation, however, contributed to continued reliance on unsafe abortion methods driven by fear of legal repercussions, stigma, and social pressure. The study concludes that enhancing women’s knowledge of abortion laws is essential in promoting informed, safe, and health-conscious reproductive choices. It recommends that health facilities, county reproductive health programs, and community actors intensify targeted awareness campaigns, youth-friendly counseling, and policy dissemination to reduce unsafe abortion practices and improve reproductive health outcomes.
D.V. Jothika, Devarajan Natarajan, M. Kesavapriya, Muthu Kanagarasan, Sivaprakasam Varshini
Agro-industrial waste serves as a viable substitute material for the manufacturing of biofuels. The objective of current research was to production of bioethanol using agricultural by-products and waste materials under laboratory scale. Pretreatment was conducted on rice straw and banana fruit peels, and the cellulose degrading bacterium was isolated and identified as Bacillus sp. The hydrolyzed sample underwent fermentation using adapted yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in a controlled laboratory environment. The fermented sample analyzed by potassium dichromate method, and spectroscopic investigations to quantify bioethanol. The results of the study demonstrated that banana peel, rice straw and their combinations yielded bioethanol i.e. banana peel - 4.6 mg/mL, rice straw - 5 mg/mL, and a combination of banana peel and rice straw - 5.04 mg/mL. This yield is lower than industrial-scale production, indicating that the study is at a preliminary laboratory scale and requires further optimization. The outcome of study suggests that the combinations of banana peel and rice straw substrate yielded the maximum quantity of bioethanol compared to other substrates.
Abanda F.H, Florian M.Z, Nyibanda N.G
In Sub-Saharan Africa, and particularly Cameroon, the demand for socially inclusive and environmentally responsible architecture is growing due to rapid urbanisation, climate pressures, and the needs of vulnerable communities. Orphanages, as critical social infrastructure, are frequently delivered through cost-driven approaches that neglect sustainability and long-term performance. While Building Information Modelling (BIM) has globally advanced design precision, cost optimisation, and environmental performance analysis, its application in Africa especially for projects using eco-friendly materials such as compressed earth blocks (CEBs) remains limited. This study employs BIM, through Autodesk Revit, to design sustainable, child-centred orphanages in Cameroon using locally sourced materials. Two functionally equivalent prototypes, one with sandcrete blocks and another with CEBs, were developed and evaluated through comparative cost estimation, embodied carbon and energy analysis, and operational performance assessment, in line with life-cycle assessment (LCA) standards and thermal comfort benchmarks. Results show that CEBs delivered lower construction costs, reduced embodied impacts, and improved thermal comfort compared to sandcrete. BIM-enabled workflows enhanced quantity take-offs, integrated early LCA, and supported evidence-based material selection. This research provides one of the first regionally validated datasets on sandcrete and CEB performance in Cameroon, while proposing a replicable digital design framework for humanitarian architecture in resource-constrained Sub-Saharan contexts.
David Kuparadze, Dimitri Pataridze, Nino Khundadze, Violeta Kirakosyan
The Middle Corridor is increasingly gaining strategic importance, as north of it, the war between Russia and Ukraine has created a stalemate, while to the south, there is significant instability due to periodic armed conflicts related to Iran. Georgia, with access to the Black Sea, is one of the key countries in the Middle Corridor. According to World Bank forecasts, transit traffic through Georgia will increase by 52% in the coming years. This article examines the impact of increasing freight traffic on the geo-ecological state of the territories adjacent to the international highways E60 and E70, which are part of the Middle Transport Corridor. A study of soil samples and maize grown on them was carried out. The concentrations of heavy metals and toxic chemical elements were determined. Based on the results obtained, calculations were made of the Contamination Factor (CF) of soil and corn and the Translocation Factors (TF) of polluting elements from the root layers to cereal grains.
Dr. Namrata Srivastava, Dr. Nayab Ishrat
Background: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is a common ocular disorder in infants characterized by persistent epiphora and mucopurulent discharge caused by blockage of the nasolacrimal duct. Although many cases resolve spontaneously within the first year of life, conservative management is usually recommended as the initial treatment. Lacrimal sac hydrostatic pressure application (HPA), a physician-performed pressure technique, has been proposed as an effective office-based intervention to relieve obstruction and accelerate symptom resolution. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lacrimal sac hydrostatic pressure application as a conservative treatment for infants with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 179 infants (261 eyes) diagnosed with CNLDO who underwent HPA performed by a pediatric ophthalmologist. The procedure involved applying controlled downward pressure over the lacrimal sac to generate hydrostatic force within the nasolacrimal duct. Treatment success was defined as complete resolution of epiphora and/or mucopurulent discharge within 48 hours after the procedure. Patients were followed with a mean follow-up duration of 11.6 ± 13 months, and statistical analyses including logistic regression were used to determine predictors of success. Results: Complete resolution after the first HPA occurred in 102 eyes (39.1%). Infants aged ≤6 months had significantly higher success compared with older infants (43.7% vs 30.9%, p = 0.04). Younger age was a significant predictor of success. A second HPA resulted in additional resolution in 12 eyes (26.1%) without major complications. Conclusion: Lacrimal sac hydrostatic pressure application is a safe, practical, and effective conservative treatment for CNLDO, particularly in infants younger than six months, and may reduce the need for surgical intervention.
Dr. Roopa Vishwanath Sangvikar, Radhika Bhalchandra Deshpande
Medicinal plants are an important source of natural bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic potential. Aegle marmelos is a well-known medicinal plant widely used in traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments, including diabetes and oxidative stress-related disorders. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of Aegle marmelos leaf extract. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out using standard qualitative methods, which revealed the presence of important secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, glycosides and steroids. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the extract were also determined, indicating the presence of polyphenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, while the antidiabetic potential was assessed through the α-amylase inhibition assay. The results demonstrated that the extract exhibits notable antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Further analysis using HPTLC confirmed the presence of flavonoid compounds, while LC–MS profiling revealed a diverse range of phytoconstituents, indicating the chemical complexity of the extract. Overall, the findings suggest that Aegle marmelos leaves are a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications, supporting their traditional medicinal use.
Dr. Manjusha Nikale
Ayurvedic medicines have a lot of potential because of their comprehensive approach to illness care. Yet there is a need for sufficient standardization before they can be used in modern medicine. Nevertheless, there is a lack of work efforts directed towards the concurrent assessment of biomarkers in polyherbal formulation using HPTLC fingerprinting. Quality Control (QC) in herbal medicine is essential to ensure the safety, efficacy and consistency of products, protecting consumers from harmful adulterants and inconsistent active compound levels. It also involves testing for botanical authenticity, heavy metals, pesticides and concentration of plant parts in the drug. The drug to be administered should adhere to WHO standards to validate medicinal potential and ensure reliable therapeutics. It is relatively easy to trace the percentage of a drug in the modern medicines. In the case of herbal medicines most of the products over counter are polyherbal. To detect the percentage of a specific herb, or part of the herb like leaf stem etc., some phytochemical marker has to be developed. This marker may not be an active component of that herb. In the present study, a marker was developed from Ricinus communis leaf extract by HPTLC, after scanning at 310nm, at RF 0.68, by calculating the AUC of markers from leaf extract and the polyherbal formulation. The concentration of Ricinus communis in the formulation was calculated.
Annu, Krishna Anand, Rajkumar, Tanu Pundir
This study investigates the role of chemistry in renewable energy technologies through experimental evaluation of solar cell materials and battery systems. Perovskite and organic semiconductor films were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic and structural techniques such as UV–Vis and X-ray diffraction to assess their optical and structural properties. Solar cell prototypes were fabricated and tested under standard illumination conditions to determine power conversion efficiency and stability. In parallel, electrochemical performance of battery materials, including lithium-ion and sodium-ion systems, was analyzed using cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge cycling. The results indicate that perovskite-based solar cells exhibit higher initial efficiency but reduced stability under environmental conditions, whereas silicon-based systems demonstrate superior durability. Battery analysis revealed that lithium-ion systems provide higher energy density, while sodium-ion batteries offer improved sustainability and cost advantages. The study highlights the influence of material composition and chemical processes on performance parameters such as efficiency, capacity, and cycle life. Furthermore, the experimental findings emphasize the need for improved material stability and environmentally benign alternatives. This work provides valuable insights into optimizing renewable energy technologies through chemical innovation and experimental validation.
Agbede Caleb Oluwole, Olutoge Festus. Adeyemi
This study investigates the potential of crushed cow horns (CCH) as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in concrete production. Six concrete mixes were prepared with varying replacement levels of sand by CCH (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). Standard tests were conducted on fresh and hardened concrete, including slump, density, compressive strength, split-tensile strength, and flexural strength. Results show that replacement levels above 60% led to specimen failure under self-weight. At 20% and 40% replacement, compressive strength decreased by 15.74% and 16.86%, respectively, compared to the control. The study concludes that CCH has potential as a lightweight aggregate in concrete production at low replacement levels, contributing to sustainable waste management.
Christopher Odhiambo, Dr. Janis Marangu, Prof. Lois Musikali
Purpose: This study examined the effect of drug-related crime on community cohesion among residents of Kibra Sub-County, Nairobi County. The study was guided by Social Disorganization Theory, which explains how structural disadvantages such as poverty, overcrowding, and weak social institutions create environments where crime persists and weakens community social bonds. Materials and Methods: The study adopted a convergent mixed-methods research design, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative component used a descriptive survey design, while the qualitative component employed a phenomenological approach to capture residents lived experiences. The target population consisted of 185,777 residents of Kibra, from which a sample size of 396 participants was determined using Yamane’s formula. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and interview guides, with 338 residents participating in the survey and 29 key informants interviewed. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: The results revealed that drug-related crime significantly affects community cohesion. Correlation analysis showed a weak but statistically significant relationship between drug-related crime and community cohesion (r = -.297, p < .001). Regression analysis further confirmed that drug-related crime significantly predicts community cohesion (F (1,336) = 32.507, p < .001), explaining 8.8% of the variation in community cohesion. Qualitative findings indicated that visible drug selling, youth involvement in drug networks, and the presence of drug hotspots contribute to erosion of trust, fear of retaliation, reduced community participation, and weakened social cooperation. Conclusion: The study concludes that drug-related crime undermines community cohesion in Kibra by weakening trust, reducing social interaction, and disrupting informal social control mechanisms necessary for maintaining neighborhood safety. Recommendations: The study recommends the implementation of integrated community-based drug prevention and control strategies, including dismantling drug hotspots through coordinated law enforcement and expanding rehabilitation.
Dr. Ilenre, A.E, Dr. Tashok, Y. H
This paper investigates the impact of climate change on desertification in Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria. Climate change can be described as the technical term used to denote significant and long-term alterations in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over decades to millions of years. Desertification refers to land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas resulting from climatic variations and human activities. This paper identified the natural and anthropogenic causes of desertification in Auchi, the major climatic indices accelerating desertification in Auchi, the impact of desertification on the environment of Auchi, and the adaptation, and mitigation strategies in place at Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria. To achieve these objectives, the researcher used both primary and secondary research methods to collect the data required for the study. Four hundred (400) respondents which represent 0.16% (zero point one six percent) of the population in the study area were considered. Following the above, four hundred (400) questionnaires were administered in the study area. The preliminary and actual field surveys revealed that there are 25 communities in the study area, and that the population is unevenly distributed across the study area. Following the above observation, the questionnaires were distributed in the various communities in reflection of their population sizes. The data obtained were analysed using tables, graphs and, percentages. The results reveal the natural and anthropogenic causes of desertification in Auchi, the major climatic indices accelerating desertification in Auchi, the impact of desertification on the environment of Auchi, and the adaptation and mitigation strategies in place at Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria. Based on the findings of this paper, the following actionable policy recommendations are made: effective and regular creation and promotion of community environmental education on climate change and desertification, cover cropping, irrigation, afforestation, rotational cropping/grazing, controlled lumbering, law against bush burning, controlled use of wood as fuel, planting of drought resistant crops, artificial recharge of water, enforcement of environmental regulation, adoption of environmental building codes, implementation of green building initiatives, and creation of shelter belt in Auch, Edo State, Nigeria. This paper is therefore, concluded by imploring the governments at all levels to implement the list of recommendations made by the researcher.