20 Articles
Dr. P. Gomathi, J. Sripriya
Public libraries play a vital role in promoting education, knowledge, and career development, especially for job seekers preparing for competitive examinations. This study focuses on the resources and services provided by the District Central Library, Salem, and their usefulness for competitive exam aspirants. The library offers a wide range of materials such as competitive examination books, newspapers, magazines, reference sources, and internet facilities to support users. The study aims to analyze the level of utilization of these resources, identify the needs and problems faced by job seekers, and evaluate user satisfaction with library services. A survey method was adopted, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 100 respondents. The findings of the study help in understanding the effectiveness of library services and suggest improvements to enhance support for job seekers.
Bhaswati Baruah
Violence against women often produces long-lasting psychological, emotional, and social consequences that are not always expressed through direct testimony. In many socio-cultural contexts, particularly within patriarchal societies, survivors frequently communicate experiences of suffering through symbolic and narrative forms such as songs, poetry, and oral traditions. This study examines the Assamese song “Rod Aji Keni Pau” by Zubeen Garg as a trauma narrative and explores its potential significance within the framework of narrative healing. Using a qualitative textual and narrative analysis approach, the study interprets the song through Trauma Theory, Narrative Therapy, and Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET). The analysis focuses on recurring symbols, emotional imagery, lyrical progression, and narrative structure to understand how the song represents trauma, emotional fragmentation, hopelessness, and healing. The findings reveal that the song functions as a culturally embedded trauma narrative that reflects emotional disorientation, relational instability, existential despair, and the search for meaning after psychological suffering. Symbols such as darkness, lost pathways, silence, and inaccessible sunlight represent the fragmented emotional experiences commonly associated with trauma survivors. The study further demonstrates that the song's narrative progression closely mirrors the therapeutic process described in Narrative Exposure Therapy, where fragmented memories and emotions gradually move toward narrative articulation and meaning-making. Additionally, the research highlights the role of Assamese musical traditions as culturally meaningful spaces for emotional expression, particularly for women whose experiences of violence are often silenced by social stigma and patriarchal structures. The study concludes that Assamese songs can function not only as artistic expressions but also as emotional testimonies, trauma archives, and narrative healing spaces. By bridging Western trauma frameworks with indigenous cultural narratives, the research contributes to trauma-informed literary studies and highlights the potential of Assamese musical narratives in women-centered healing practices and culturally sensitive approaches to psychological recovery.
Dr Nowfal C
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 introduced the Integrated Teacher Education Programme (ITEP) as a major reform to improve the quality of teacher preparation in India. The successful implementation of ITEP largely depends on the preparedness and support of teacher educators. Therefore, the present study examined the perception of teacher educators regarding the implementation of ITEP in Kerala. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and collected data from 800 teacher educators working in Government, Aided, Self-Financing teacher education institutions and University Centres across Kerala. Data were collected using a standardized Perception Scale on ITEP Implementation developed by the investigator. The scale measured five dimensions, namely Understanding of NEP/ITEP, Faculty Readiness, Administrative Readiness, Institutional Preparedness and Infrastructural Readiness, and Opportunities and Challenges. The findings revealed that teacher educators possess a moderate level of perception regarding the implementation of ITEP (M = 137). They demonstrated a high level of understanding of NEP 2020 and ITEP, while perception regarding faculty readiness, administrative readiness and institutional preparedness was found to be moderate. No significant differences were observed in perception based on the type of management or subject specialization. Teaching experience influenced perception only in the dimension of administrative readiness. The study highlights the need for capacity building, institutional preparedness, infrastructural strengthening and administrative support for the effective implementation of ITEP in Kerala.
Binita Sharma, Suman Thapaliya
The emergence of Industry 4.0 has significantly transformed modern industrial systems by integrating advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI) into manufacturing and operational processes. One of the most important applications of these technologies is predictive maintenance, which enables industries to monitor equipment health and predict potential failures before they occur. AI-driven predictive maintenance systems utilize real-time sensor data collected from industrial machinery to analyze operational patterns and detect abnormal conditions. By applying machine learning and data analytics techniques, these systems can identify early signs of equipment degradation, estimate the remaining useful life of components, and generate timely maintenance alerts. This proactive approach helps organizations minimize unexpected equipment downtime, reduce maintenance costs, improve operational efficiency, and extend the lifespan of industrial assets. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of AI-driven predictive maintenance in Industrial IoT (IIoT) environments. It discusses the fundamental architecture of predictive maintenance systems, including IoT-based data acquisition, edge and cloud computing platforms, and machine learning models for anomaly detection and fault prediction. In addition, the paper highlights practical applications across several sectors such as manufacturing, energy production, and transportation, where predictive maintenance plays a critical role in ensuring reliability and safety. Furthermore, the study examines key challenges associated with implementing predictive maintenance systems, including data quality issues, integration complexity between heterogeneous industrial systems, and cybersecurity risks. Finally, the paper explores emerging trends and future developments such as edge AI, digital twins, autonomous maintenance systems, and advanced analytics, which are expected to further enhance the capabilities and adoption of predictive maintenance in smart industries.
Doryce Ndubi, Paul M. Wanjala, Shevine Chebet
Access to safe drinking water remains a major public health concern, particularly in rapidly growing institutional and peri-urban environments. This study assessed the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water sources within Maasai Mara University and its surrounding areas in Narok County, Kenya. The objective was to determine water quality status, evaluate compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) and Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) guidelines, and identify potential contamination risks. A cross-sectional analytical study design was employed. Water samples were collected from selected groundwater and surface water sources, including boreholes, taps, bottled water, and river water. Physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen) were analyzed using standard laboratory procedures, while microbiological quality was assessed using MacConkey agar, Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, Gram staining, and IMViC biochemical tests. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results indicated generally acceptable physicochemical water quality, with mean temperature (21.57 ± 0.18°C), conductivity (108.03 ± 1.40 µS/cm), and dissolved oxygen (9.61 ± 0.47 mg/L) falling within WHO permissible limits. However, pH values varied from slightly acidic to neutral (5.72–7.25), with some sources falling below recommended standards. Microbiological analysis revealed the presence of coliform bacteria in multiple sources, with Escherichia coli confirmed in river water, indicating fecal contamination. Bottled water also showed unexpected microbial contamination. ANOVA results showed significant variation in pH and temperature among sampling sites (p < 0.05), while conductivity and dissolved oxygen showed no significant differences. The study concludes that although physicochemical water quality is largely acceptable, microbiological contamination poses a significant public health risk, particularly in surface water and selected treated sources. These findings highlight the need for continuous water quality monitoring, improved sanitation practices, and strengthened regulatory enforcement to ensure safe drinking water within the study area.
R.D.C Niroshinie, T.M. Harshani Nisansala Thennakoon
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) has been adopted as the pedagogical framework for bilingual education in Sri Lanka since 2012, aiming to develop both subject knowledge and English proficiency simultaneously. However, successful implementation depends critically on stakeholder awareness. This study investigated the level of CLIL awareness among teachers, principals, and parents in the Puttalam Education Zone, Sri Lanka. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 105 bilingual teachers, 18 principals, and 165 parents through structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze awareness levels across three dimensions: conceptual, pedagogical, and policy/structural awareness. Findings revealed that teachers demonstrated to high conceptual awareness (M=3.82) but moderate pedagogical (M=3.65) and policy/structural awareness (M=3.41). Principals showed concerningly moderate overall awareness (M=2.72), while parents exhibited moderate awareness (M=3.24) despite positive attitudes toward bilingual education (M=3.89). The study concludes that targeted professional development for principals and systematic awareness programs for parents are urgently needed to support sustainable CLIL implementation.
Dr.B.Saravanan, Dr.Nandhini.
Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare developmental anomaly resulting from aberrant migration of the thyroid gland during embryogenesis. Although ectopic thyroid tissue is most commonly identified in the lingual region, it may rarely occur at distant anatomical sites. We report a rare case of ectopic thyroid tissue presenting as a thoracic extradural cystic lesion in a 12-year-old girl. The patient presented with progressive difficulty in walking, bilateral lower limb weakness, and stool incontinence of one month's duration. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a loculated extradural cystic lesion extending from D2 to D8 vertebral levels, causing significant spinal cord compression and radiologically suggestive of an arachnoid cyst. The patient underwent D3–D7 laminectomy and excision of the lesion. Histopathological examination demonstrated thyroid tissue composed of colloid-filled follicles. Immunohistochemistry showed strong positivity for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and thyroglobulin, with focal cytoplasmic and membranous positivity for CK19, diffuse membranous positivity for CD56, and reduced galectin-3 expression, supporting the diagnosis of ectopic thyroid tissue. Extensive evaluation to exclude a primary thyroid malignancy, including thyroid function tests, ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the neck, positron emission tomography-computed tomography, and subsequent thyroidectomy, revealed no evidence of malignancy within the orthotopic thyroid gland. The patient showed neurological improvement following surgical decompression. This case highlights an exceptionally rare presentation of ectopic thyroid tissue in a pediatric patient and underscores the importance of histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry in establishing the diagnosis of unusual spinal lesions
Christian Ray C. Concepcion, Jeremy S. Pelobello, Jiro G. Bayang, John Carlos A. Agbayani, Marianne Shalimar Del Rosario, Mark Andre Y. Belenson
This research examined how fatigue affects pilot performance in short-haul and long-haul operations. The discussion included aviation safety issues connected to sleep loss, workload, schedule patterns, and cockpit conditions. These factors shaped alertness and decision-making in daily flight operations. The researchers collected data from 42 pilots from commercial, general aviation, predominantly as charter pilots, and military groups. Three informants added operational details that helped explain real fatigue management challenges. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used to measure differences in Fatigue across age, sex, years of service, and flight type. The findings showed strong links between irregular schedules, circadian rhythm disruption, limited sleep, and high workloads. These factors increased fatigue in both short-haul and long-haul conditions. Short-haul pilots described quick fatigue buildup due to multiple legs, tight turnarounds, and repeated takeoffs and landings. Long-Haul pilots described extended wakefulness, night operations, and circadian misalignment during long duty periods. Both groups highlighted reduced alertness, slower reactions, and difficulty maintaining situational awareness. These effects were common during approach, landing, and operations in complex airspace, showing clear risks to aviation safety. The results also showed differences in how pilots respond to fatigue. Older pilots reported stronger physical tiredness. Younger pilots were less consistent with fatigue management habits. Pilots with more years of service understood fatigue effects better due to broader flight operations experience. All respondents agreed that fatigue affects pilot performance and aviation safety. They emphasized the need for stronger fatigue management strategies within airline systems. The researchers concluded that better scheduling, strict rest compliance, and stronger organizational support improve safety outcomes. The researchers recommended improved duty-time planning, stronger fatigue risk management systems, and better personal readiness practices. These steps help maintain pilot performance and protect both short-haul and long-haul operations.
Ronna Y. Magto
Student engagement refers to learners’ meaningful involvement throughout the mathematics learning camp. It is best understood as a collaboration among students, teachers, peers, and the learning activities. The Mathematics Learning Camp was conducted to improve students’ achievement in and interest toward mathematics. This study investigated the learning outcomes obtained through students’ engagement during the camp. A descriptive qualitative research design was used. Purposive sampling was applied to select the student participants: sixteen Grade 8 students who attended the mathematics camp, eight of whom volunteered for the interview. Semi-structured focus group interviews were undertaken to elicit participants’ perspectives on their experiences during the camp. The interviewees included eight students, three females and five males. These students were interviewed in order to describe their experiences during the camp. The researcher also recorded class observations to gather more information about student engagement in class. A survey and an open-ended questionnaire were likewise used to collect data for analysis. Content analysis was conducted on the interview transcripts in order to uncover common themes and further analyze the data. Results from the achievement test were also obtained to support the qualitative findings. The findings show that the students enjoyed learning mathematics during the camp, as evidenced by their active participation in class activities and their improvement in the achievement test. Overall, the student participants were satisfied with the program. Participants also showed interest, enthusiasm, motivation, and a positive attitude toward mathematics after the camp. These outcomes contributed to the program’s primary goal and success.
Agom Emmanuel Agom, Agu Precious, Eze patience Ume, Felix Edoiseh Ehidiamhen, Iteshi Onyekachi, Ozioma Oluchi Nwafulundu
Background: Providing high quality care involves doing the right thing at the right time with the aid of existing knowledge of healthcare providers which will improve the health outcomes for patients, families and communities. Unfortunately quality care is difficult to come by in our healthcare setting. Patient satisfaction is the degree to which the patient's desired expectations, goals and or preferences are met by the health care provider and or service. Such a report from an individual patient on the quality of medical care received from physicians, nurses and other relevant sources in a health care facility is posited to represent the level of the patients' satisfaction with the care received. The attitude of nurses significantly affects the quality of patient care in healthcare settings. Positive attitudes among nurses are associated with enhanced patient satisfaction, improved clinical outcomes, and overall better patient experiences. Conversely, negative attitudes can lead to patient dissatisfaction, increased anxiety, poor adherence to treatment plans, and adverse health outcomes.
Dimpal, Dr. Ashwani Bishnoi
PMJDY is a significant flagship initiative aimed at promoting financial inclusion in India. This scheme aims to provide universal access to banking services. The existing study was conducted due to the inadequate research on the performance of BIMARU states in India, in terms of financial inclusion (FI). Most of the literature discussed the comparison of Financial Inclusion Index methods and mentioned the performance of financial inclusion in southern, central and western states. Using the Euclidean method for Financial Inclusion Index, the current research analyses the state-wise performance of PMJDY using secondary data on four variables, such as accounts per 1000 people, debit cards per household, accounts per household, and DBT amount per household. The findings show that the north-central states have performed better in financial inclusion under the PMJDY scheme as compared to other states and come under the high financial inclusion category. In 2020, eleven states were categorised as having high financial inclusion, but in 2023, this number decreased to nine. The Wilcoxon Signed–Rank test is used to measure whether the changes in FII between 2020 and 2023 are statistically significant. The policymaker needs to focus on some states that have performed well in financial inclusion and promote opening accounts and usage.
T. Bheem Rao
To study the acute toxicity of Methyl Parathion to the freshwater food fish Heteropneustes fossillis exposed to this concentration. Behavioral changes (Resting period, opercular movement, air gulping and s- jerks and mucus secretion) were observed during acute exposure. The present investigation has been designed to study the effect of sub lethal concentrations of Methyl Parathion on the behavior changes of Heteropneuste fossilis (Bloch) after exposure to different doses. The present study shows that behavioral alterations such as alternation in opercular movements, surfacing, swimming, jumping, and mucous secretion.
Dr Jeenu J Jayan, Dr. Basavaraj P Bommanahalli, Dr. Manika Alexander, Dr. Nikitha, Dr. Shwetha Patil
Background: Blue nevi are benign melanocytic proliferations, most often cutaneous but rarely reported in extracutaneous sites. Cervical blue nevus is an uncommon incidental histological finding, with very few cases published. Case Presentation: We report a 54-year-old multiparous woman with heavy menstrual bleeding who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy. Histopathological examination revealed an incidental blue nevus in the cervix, characterized by scattered brown pigment laden macrophages in stroma of subepithelium. Conclusion: Cervical blue nevus is rare and benign. Recognition is essential to avoid misdiagnosis as malignant melanoma, thereby preventing overtreatment.
Lyalin Yaroslav
Industrial cultivation of green onions differs significantly from the technology of onion production for long-term storage. Modern selection is mainly focused on creating hybrids with high keeping quality, dense bulb structure and low tendency to sprout. At the same time, for the production of green mass, opposite biological characteristics are required: high germination energy, physiological activity, multi-bud trait and the ability to form several shoots from one bulb. The article considers the importance of multi-bud bulbs as a key production factor in the industrial forcing of green onions. The contradiction between modern breeding trends and the needs of green producers is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the physiology of planting material, the two-year cycle of bulb formation and the influence of varietal characteristics on the stability of production and commercial yield of products. Practical aspects of the use of multi-bud bulb varieties in systems of intensive cultivation of green onions for retail are presented.
Agung Irawan, Ahmad Naufal Jauhari, Diding Latipudin, Ega Finnegan, Hanafi Abdillah, Mohammed Abdelbagi, Muhammad Badar, Nahrowi, Yulianri Rizki Yanza
The growing demand for sustainable and cost-effective animal feed has spurred research into alternative feed ingredients such as black soldier fly larvae oil. This study sought to delineate the development, intellectual structure, and research trends of black soldier fly larvae oil as animal feed through a bibliometric approach. Scientific publications were sourced from the Scopus database and restricted to English-language articles published between 2021 and 2026. A total of 643 articles from 235 sources were analyzed using Bibliometrix, Biblioshiny, and VOSviewer software. The analysis encompassed annual publication trends, pertinent publication sources, influential documents, country contributions, keyword co-occurrence, thematic structures, and thematic evolution. These findings indicate that research on black soldier fly larvae oil is a nascent yet rapidly advancing field. The Journal of Insects as Food and Feed emerged as the most prolific source, while highly cited documents were predominantly published in Aquaculture, Fish and Shellfish Immunology, and Sustainability. Country contribution analysis revealed that this topic has developed on a global scale, with significant participation from China, European countries, the United States, and several Southeast Asian nations. Keyword analysis demonstrated that the research field remains closely linked to the black soldier fly, black soldier fly larvae, insect meal, growth performance, sustainability, bioconversion, and circular economy. However, recent thematic evolution has highlighted the emergence of insect oil as a specific research focus. These findings suggest that black soldier fly larvae oil holds considerable promise as an alternative lipid source in animal feed. Future research should focus on fatty acid profiles, optimal inclusion levels, animal performance, product quality, gut health, immune responses, and environmental and economic assessments.
Professor Bernard Wong
Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance has emerged as a critical organisational and board-level concern as AI systems become increasingly embedded in business operations and decision-making. Although existing AI maturity models assess technological capability and deployment readiness, they provide limited mechanisms for evaluating governance effectiveness, accountability, and board oversight. Consequently, organisations lack structured approaches for assessing whether AI governance practices are achieving their intended objectives. This study addresses this gap through the development of an AI Governance Capability Maturity Model that reconceptualises AI governance as a measurable organisational capability. Using a qualitative integrative synthesis of regulatory frameworks, legal doctrine, governance standards, and academic literature, the study identifies key governance mechanisms and integrates them within a six-phase governance framework. These governance phases are subsequently transformed into a five-level maturity model supported by a multi-dimensional measurement architecture comprising input, process, output, and outcome metrics. The analysis demonstrates that existing maturity models focus primarily on AI deployment capability, while governance-oriented frameworks emphasise operational controls but provide limited support for performance evaluation, strategic governance, and board-level accountability. To address these limitations, the proposed model links governance processes to measurable indicators and maturity levels, enabling organisations to assess governance effectiveness, identify capability gaps, and monitor continuous improvement. The study contributes to theory by positioning AI governance as a dynamic organisational capability rather than a collection of compliance activities. It contributes to practice by providing a structured framework that supports governance assessment, performance monitoring, and board oversight. The model aligns with emerging governance expectations reflected in the NIST AI Risk Management Framework, ISO/IEC 42001, and the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act. By integrating governance processes, capability development, maturity assessment, and performance measurement, the proposed framework provides a practical and theoretically grounded approach for advancing responsible AI adoption and strengthening board-level governance oversight.
Eunice S. Rafallo, RN,, Jane M. Tagum-Briones, RPh, RN, MAN, PhD
This study investigated the status of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program of the Department of Health (DOH) in Polangui, Albay, Philippines, and identified the enablers, barriers, and proposed interventions to enhance health education on HPV vaccination. A convergent parallel mixed-method design was employed, using documentary review, a self-made survey questionnaire, and focus group discussions. Findings revealed a significant decline in HPV vaccination coverage from 61.07% in 2024 to 42.91% in 2025. The primary enabler identified was the accessibility and approachability of healthcare workers (WM = 3.91), while the primary barrier was concerns about vaccine safety and side effects (WM = 3.93). Qualitative data yielded four emergent themes: Vaccine Advocacy, Fear and Misconceptions, Information Gap, and Pro-Vaccine Attitude. Participants proposed two key interventions: HPV vaccine literacy conducted by medical workers and provision of community-friendly IEC materials. The study underscores the need for structured, culturally sensitive health education campaigns and stronger coordination between healthcare providers and communities to improve HPV vaccination adherence in Polangui, Albay.
Anokwuru Christian Uche, PhD
The background of this study is the critical role of traffic management in preserving road infrastructure, a function often overshadowed by concerns over construction and funding. In Nigeria, the traffic warden is a primary agent of order, yet their frequent absence from major roads and intersections has created a distinct operational environment. The problem addressed is the lack of scholarly attention on the direct correlation between the absence of these enforcement officers and the accelerated physical deterioration of road networks. The aim is to analyse how the withdrawal of traffic warden presence influences driver behaviour, congestion patterns, and ultimately, the structural integrity of Nigerian roads. The method employed is a qualitative review of secondary data, including transport sector reports, news media accounts from 2015 to 2025, and comparative case studies from Lagos and Abuja. The contemporary relevance lies in Nigeria’s rapid urbanisation and the government’s significant budget allocations for road rehabilitation, whose returns are compromised by uncontrolled traffic use. The conclusion finds that the absence of traffic wardens fosters a culture of impunity, characterised by route violations, overloading, and unregulated parking, which collectively accelerates surface wear, drainage blockage, and subgrade failure. The study argues that human enforcement is not merely a matter of traffic flow but a fundamental, cost-effective component of road asset preservation.
Dr. Amrita Rajput, Pintu Pratap Singh
This research paper explores the concept of the Urban Nomad as a contemporary framework for reinterpreting khadi craftsmanship within modern menswear and sustainable fashion systems. In an era characterized by globalization, transcultural mobility, and increasing environmental awareness, clothing has evolved beyond aesthetic functionality into a medium of identity, adaptability, and ethical consciousness. The study investigates how khadi, historically associated with Indian heritage and Gandhian philosophy, can be transformed into a versatile and globally relevant textile suitable for contemporary urban lifestyles. The research examines the intersection of traditional handloom craftsmanship and modern minimalist fashion aesthetics through theoretical, material, and design-based perspectives. It analyzes the symbolic role of khadi in constructing contemporary masculine identity while emphasizing mobility, comfort, sustainability, and cultural hybridity. Particular attention is given to the thermoregulatory and breathable properties of khadi, which make it suitable for summer-oriented urban environments and multifunctional travel wear. The paper further discusses innovations in textile engineering, fabric finishing, and garment construction that enhance khadi’s durability, utility, and commercial adaptability. Sustainable production systems associated with khadi are examined in relation to ethical fashion practices, rural employment generation, and low carbon manufacturing processes. Statistical data regarding global sustainable fashion growth, consumer behavior, and handloom industry contribution are incorporated to demonstrate the increasing relevance of sustainable textiles in contemporary fashion markets. The findings suggest that khadi possesses significant potential to emerge as a globally competitive textile for modern menswear by integrating heritage craftsmanship with contemporary design thinking and sustainable innovation. The Urban Nomad framework ultimately positions khadi as a symbol of transcultural identity, responsible consumption, and future oriented fashion practices.
Dr. Nagavani Kaggallu, Ms. Padmavathi
Employee well-being has emerged as a critical organisational priority in the context of global workplace stress, burnout, and disengagement. While transformational, ethical, and servant leadership models offer useful insights, they remain predominantly Western-centric and do not adequately address the intrinsic psychological dispositions grounded in Indian civilizational thought. Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) provide a refined psychological model through the Guna Theory, identifying three psychophysical forces—Sattva (harmony, clarity, compassion), Rajas (drive, ambition, activity), and Tamas (inertia, ignorance, aggression)—as described in the Bhagavad Gita (Chapter 14), Samkhya Karika, and Yoga Sutras. This paper advances a Tri-Dimensional Guna-Based Leadership Framework as a conceptual contribution, positioning it explicitly as a scale development and exploratory simulation study rather than a claim of full empirical validation. We develop the Guna Leadership Scale (GLS) with theoretical anchors in classical IKS texts and propose psychological safety as the critical mediating mechanism between leadership gunas and employee well-being. Drawing on narrative archetypes—Lord Rama as a pure Satvic exemplar and King Vikramaditya as a Satvic-Rajasic hybrid—and using an exploratory simulation (N = 500) aligned with published psychometric benchmarks in organisational behaviour, we test structural plausibility through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using the lavaan R package. Simulation results indicate theoretical consistency: Satvic leadership demonstrates a strong positive path to psychological safety (β = 0.633, p < .001), while Rajasic (β = −0.452) and Tamasic (β = −0.540) leadership exhibit negative effects. Psychological safety fully mediates the guna-well-being relationship (R² = 0.85). These findings are interpreted as exploratory and should be validated through real organisational samples. The paper concludes with a fully developed GLS instrument, implementation guidelines, and a future research roadmap calling for empirical EFA/CFA/SEM validation.