Effects of Fatigue among Pilots’ Performance to Short-Haul and Long-Haul Operations

Abstract

This research examined how fatigue affects pilot performance in short-haul and long-haul operations. The discussion included aviation safety issues connected to sleep loss, workload, schedule patterns, and cockpit conditions. These factors shaped alertness and decision-making in daily flight operations. The researchers collected data from 42 pilots from commercial, general aviation, predominantly as charter pilots, and military groups. Three informants added operational details that helped explain real fatigue management challenges. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used to measure differences in Fatigue across age, sex, years of service, and flight type. The findings showed strong links between irregular schedules, circadian rhythm disruption, limited sleep, and high workloads. These factors increased fatigue in both short-haul and long-haul conditions. Short-haul pilots described quick fatigue buildup due to multiple legs, tight turnarounds, and repeated takeoffs and landings. Long-Haul pilots described extended wakefulness, night operations, and circadian misalignment during long duty periods. Both groups highlighted reduced alertness, slower reactions, and difficulty maintaining situational awareness. These effects were common during approach, landing, and operations in complex airspace, showing clear risks to aviation safety. The results also showed differences in how pilots respond to fatigue. Older pilots reported stronger physical tiredness. Younger pilots were less consistent with fatigue management habits. Pilots with more years of service understood fatigue effects better due to broader flight operations experience. All respondents agreed that fatigue affects pilot performance and aviation safety. They emphasized the need for stronger fatigue management strategies within airline systems. The researchers concluded that better scheduling, strict rest compliance, and stronger organizational support improve safety outcomes. The researchers recommended improved duty-time planning, stronger fatigue risk management systems, and better personal readiness practices. These steps help maintain pilot performance and protect both short-haul and long-haul operations.