Water Resources Development in Nigeria; Past, Present and Future

Abstract

Water is the second most important resource for man’s survival on earth after air, its availability, exploitation, distribution utilisation and management has been a major concern in Nigeria in the last six decades. Its usefulness cut across all aspects of our national economy ranging from hydropower generation, irrigation, water supply, transportation, tourism, fishing and recreation. In Nigeria, the history of water development dates back to the pre-colonial days.
This review aims at examining the trajectory of water resources development in Nigeria from when basins were not identified to this era where GIS has helped out with sustainability. Among other things this paper highlights various projects, establishment, government policies as they relate to the wholesomeness of water and institutional frameworks that have hitherto help shaped the water resources development in the country.
Historical overview has shown water resources in Nigeria have evolved through distinct phases with their accompanied challenges, and has brought socio-economic changes with its economic benefits. This sector of the economy has serviced commerce, industry, agriculture, power, energy, labour, and tourism. This has triggered tremendous growth even though with its uneven geographical spread. In spite of decades of investment and multiple policies reforms access to clean and safe water is still a mirage in many communities across the nation as it involves mixed reflection of progress and persistent gap in infrastructure, governance and service delivery.
In conclusion, it is observed that there are too many government agencies and parastatals that are vested with water resources management in the country hence overlapping responsibilities and conflicting interests. Therefore, it is recommended that government should cut down on the number of agencies responsible for water resources development and the management should be vested on professionals in all areas involved for satisfactory delivery.