Uterine Fibroid as a Contributory Factor in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection: A Case Report with Review of Unani Literature

Abstract

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomata uteri) are among the most prevalent benign pelvic tumours affecting women of reproductive age. While their classical presentations include menorrhagia, pelvic pain and pressure symptoms, their role as a mechanical precipitant of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) remains under-recognised. We present the case of Ms. Asiya, a 22-year-old female registered at Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (Registration No. 2026000817, Date: 18/02/2026) under the care of Dr. Fahmeeda Zeenat, MS, who presented with recurrent lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinical and sonographic evaluation identified an anterior intramural uterine fibroid exerting compressive effects on the urinary bladder as the underlying aetiology. The present report also undertakes a dedicated review of Unani classical literature pertaining to Warme Reham (uterine tumour), Ihtibas al-Bawl (urinary retention/obstruction) and Su'al al-Bawl (urinary frequency), the concept of Sue Mizaj (dyscrasia), relevant Unani drugs with mudir-e-bawl (diuretic), muhallil-e-waram (anti-inflammatory/anti-tumour) and qabiz (astringent/haemostatic) properties, and the classical formulations applicable to this clinical scenario. The case underscores the importance of gynaecological evaluation in young women with recurrent UTIs and demonstrates the complementary value of Unani medicine in their comprehensive management.