Therapeutic Role of Ayurveda in Sports Injuries of Janu Sandhi (Knee Joint)

Abstract

The musculoskeletal system, also known as the locomotor system, is responsible for providing support, stability, and movement to the human body through the coordinated functioning of bones, muscles, joints, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and associated connective tissues. Among all joints, the knee joint plays a crucial role in weight-bearing activities and locomotion, including walking, running, and jumping. Due to its complex anatomical structure and continuous mechanical stress, the knee joint is highly susceptible to sports-related injuries such as sprains, ligament tears, fractures, and dislocations.
In Ayurveda, the knee joint is described as Janu Sandhi and is considered an important Marma region formed by the union of Mamsa (muscle), Asthi (bone), Sandhi (joint), Sira (vessels), and Snayu (ligaments/tendons). Participation in outdoor sports and strenuous physical activities further increases the risk of musculoskeletal injuries involving the knee joint. Ayurveda offers a holistic and cost-effective approach for the prevention, management, and rehabilitation of such injuries through various therapeutic modalities including Snehana (oleation therapy), Swedana (sudation therapy), Janu Basti, and other Panchakarma procedures. These therapies help in reducing pain, inflammation, stiffness, and improving joint stability and functional recovery.
The present review aims to explore the anatomical, clinical, and Ayurvedic perspectives of sports-related knee joint injuries and to evaluate the role of Ayurvedic therapeutic interventions in their management. Information for this review was collected from classical Ayurvedic texts, modern anatomical literature, and published scientific sources related to sports medicine and musculoskeletal disorders. The study highlights that Ayurvedic therapies, herbal formulations, Yoga, and Rasayana Chikitsa may play an important role in pain management, tissue healing, rehabilitation, and enhancement of musculoskeletal strength. An integrative approach involving Ayurveda and modern rehabilitation techniques may provide effective, safe, and economical management for sports injuries of the knee joint.