India and Tajikistan in the Emerging Multipolar World: Dynamics of Strategic Convergence and Cooperation

Abstract

This study examines the evolving strategic partnership between India and Tajikistan within the context of the emerging multipolar world order. The primary objective of the research is to analyze the historical foundations, political and diplomatic engagements, economic interactions, cultural linkages, and defence cooperation that have shaped bilateral relations between the two countries since Tajikistan’s independence in 1991. Employing a qualitative and analytical methodology, the study relies on secondary sources, including government reports, academic literature, policy documents, official statements, and historical records to assess the nature and trajectory of India–Tajikistan relations. The findings reveal that India and Tajikistan share deep historical and civilizational ties, reinforced by convergent strategic interests in regional security, counter-terrorism, stability in Afghanistan, and support for a rules-based international order. Political and diplomatic relations have been strengthened through regular high-level exchanges, strategic dialogues, and cooperation in multilateral forums such as the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. The study further highlights the growing significance of defence and security cooperation, which has emerged as a central pillar of bilateral engagement. While economic and trade relations remain below their potential due to geographical and connectivity constraints, both countries continue to explore new avenues for cooperation in energy, infrastructure, technology, education, and capacity-building initiatives under India's Connect Central Asia Policy. The study concludes that India–Tajikistan relations have acquired increasing strategic relevance in the evolving geopolitical landscape of Eurasia. Strengthening connectivity, expanding economic engagement, and deepening institutional cooperation can further enhance the partnership and contribute to regional peace, stability, and sustainable development.