International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI)
ETAP-Based Load Flow and Arc Flash Study of a 132/33 kV Substation at Kachna, Raipur
Published June 29, 2026 • Vol. 13, Issue 6, pp. 2313–2326Open Access
DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI.2026.1306000172
Abstract
Ensuring operational reliability and personnel safety in modern power distribution systems requires detailed modelling and critical analysis. This paper presents the simulation and evaluation of the 132/33 kV Kachna Substation in Raipur using ETAP, incorporating realistic device ratings, feeder configurations, and diverse load conditions. Load Flow Analysis using the Newton-Raphson method confirmed stable voltage profiles, balanced power distribution, and no overloading, with buses such as LV MAIN BUS2 and LV MAIN BUS3 handling 7355 kW /3615.1 kVAR and 6755 kW /3095 kVAR, respectively. An Arc Flash Study was also conducted, identifying a peak incident energy of 9.964 cal/cm² and defining necessary PPE levels and flash boundaries to ensure personnel safety. Unlike theoretical case studies, this work reflects real-world constraints and provides practical insights into system optimization, protection coordination, and hazard mitigation, contributing to the development of safer and more resilient power networks.
Keywords: Newton-Raphson method, protection coordination, incident energy, load flow analysis, arc flash study, & power system reliability.
| Journal | International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) |
|---|---|
| ISSN | 2321-2705 |
| Volume / Issue | Volume 13, Issue 6 |
| Pages | 2313–2326 |
| Publication date | June 29, 2026 |
| DOI | 10.51244/IJRSI.2026.1306000172 |
| Publisher | RSIS International |
| License | Open Access |
How to cite this article
Arsh Khan, Poorva Sharma, Rahul Mishra, Kamran Ali, Vinita, & Khushi Lal (2026). ETAP-Based Load Flow and Arc Flash Study of a 132/33 kV Substation at Kachna, Raipur. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), 13(6), 2313-2326. https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2026.1306000172
BibTeX
@article{Arsh2026,
title = {ETAP-Based Load Flow and Arc Flash Study of a 132/33 kV Substation at Kachna, Raipur},
author = {Arsh Khan and Poorva Sharma and Rahul Mishra and Kamran Ali and Vinita and Khushi Lal},
journal = {International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI)},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {2313--2326},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.51244/IJRSI.2026.1306000172},
publisher = {RSIS International}
}