ETAP-Based Load Flow and Arc Flash Study of a 132/33 kV Substation at Kachna, Raipur

Abstract

Ensuring operational reliability and personnel safety in modern power distribution systems requires detailed modelling and critical analysis. This paper presents the simulation and evaluation of the 132/33 kV Kachna Substation in Raipur using ETAP, incorporating realistic device ratings, feeder configurations, and diverse load conditions. Load Flow Analysis using the Newton-Raphson method confirmed stable voltage profiles, balanced power distribution, and no overloading, with buses such as LV MAIN BUS2 and LV MAIN BUS3 handling 7355 kW /3615.1 kVAR and 6755 kW /3095 kVAR, respectively. An Arc Flash Study was also conducted, identifying a peak incident energy of 9.964 cal/cm² and defining necessary PPE levels and flash boundaries to ensure personnel safety. Unlike theoretical case studies, this work reflects real-world constraints and provides practical insights into system optimization, protection coordination, and hazard mitigation, contributing to the development of safer and more resilient power networks.