A Lean Construction-Based Evaluation of Prefabrication System Benefits in Modern Construction Projects

Abstract

This study evaluates the benefits of prefabrication systems in modern construction projects through the lens of lean construction. It addresses persistent inefficiencies in conventional construction, including delays, cost overruns, material waste, quality inconsistencies, safety risks, and poor workflow coordination. A quantitative research methodology, underpinned by a positivist philosophy, was adopted, using a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from 100 built-environment professionals in the Ghanaian construction industry, including contractors, consultants, project managers, quantity surveyors, architects, engineers, site supervisors, and client representatives. A structured questionnaire measured respondents’ perceptions of prefabrication typologies, adoption factors, project delivery roles, performance relationships, and key benefits. The findings reveal that hybrid, modular, structural, and panelised prefabrication systems are the most recognised forms. Technological advancement, labour skills, economic considerations, regulatory frameworks, sustainability concerns, supply chain readiness, risk management, and stakeholder collaboration were identified as major factors influencing adoption. The results further show that prefabrication significantly enhances efficiency, quality, cost minimisation, faster project completion, waste reduction, safety performance, human error reduction, and project predictability. The study concludes that prefabrication supports lean construction principles by reducing waste, improving production flow, maximising value, and promoting sustainable project delivery.