Reduction of the Prevalence of Disability Adjusted Life Years Through Healthy Life Style

Abstract

Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) are a comprehensive indicator of population health, combining years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality and years lived with disability (YLD). The aim of this study is to assess how healthy lifestyle practices can contribute to the reduction of DALYs among individuals aged 40 years and above in Keraniganj Upazila, Dhaka. This research adopts a mixed-methods design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A structured survey was conducted among 300 residents from Kalatia and Shakta Unions to collect data on lifestyle behaviors, disease prevalence, and healthcare utilization. In addition, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and case studies were carried out to explore perceptions, barriers, and lived experiences related to health and lifestyle practices. The findings reveal a high burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including hypertension (36%), arthritis (30%), diabetes (18%), chronic respiratory diseases (12%), and multimorbidity (22%). Most participants (88%) reported poor or fair health, with significant functional limitations and an annual loss of 15–20 days due to illness. Preventive health practices were limited, while dependence on pharmacies was high. Unhealthy dietary habits, low physical activity, tobacco use, poor sleep, and mental health concerns were prevalent. Awareness of healthy lifestyle guidelines was low, although positive attitudes toward healthy living were common. Qualitative insights identified poverty, cultural norms, and lack of local health promotion as major barriers. Overall, the study demonstrates that improving lifestyle practices can substantially reduce DALYs and enhance quality of life.