Prevalence and Patterns of Asthma across Different Age Groups: A Population-Based Study

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory obstructive airway disease that affects individuals across all age groups and continues to pose a major public health challenge worldwide. Understanding age-specific prevalence, symptom patterns, and risk factors is essential for effective disease management and prevention. The present population-based study was conducted to assess the prevalence and patterns of asthma across different age groups and to create awareness regarding its causes, symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in selected urban, semi-urban, and rural areas of Eluru District, Andhra Pradesh. Data were collected from 140 selected subjects using a standardized structured questionnaire that captured information on demographic characteristics, general health status, age of onset, symptom patterns, triggering factors, risk factors (general and early life), post-COVID respiratory effects, and treatment practices. The study revealed notable variations in asthma prevalence and clinical manifestations across age groups. Common symptoms included wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and persistent cough, with dust, pollution, respiratory infections, and allergens identified as major triggers. Family history, allergic conditions, lifestyle factors, and environmental exposure emerged as significant risk factors. The findings emphasize the need for early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and sustained community-based awareness programs to reduce disease burden and prevent progression of asthma across all age groups.