Knowledge and Perception of Anaemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Kenyasi Hospital, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Anaemia in pregnancy remains a major global public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Ghana, despite iron–folic acid supplementation, routine haemoglobin screening, and malaria control. This study examined knowledge and perceptions of anaemia, dietary practices, and pregnancy-related factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at Kenyasi Hospital in the Asutifi North District, Ghana. A facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 258 conveniently sampled pregnant women. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire on sociodemographics, anaemia knowledge and perceptions, pregnancy-related health conditions, and dietary practices assessed with a 24-hour recall. Data were analysed in STATA version 16, with results presented as frequencies and percentages. Nearly half (46.5%) of respondents had good knowledge of anaemia in pregnancy, but misconceptions about its causes, prevention, and effects were common. Diets were low in iron-rich and micronutrient-dense foods, especially animal-source foods and vitamin C–rich fruits. About 15% reported pregnancy-related conditions such as malaria and persistent vomiting that may increase anaemia risk. The study concludes that although awareness of anaemia was relatively high, major gaps remain in accurate knowledge, diet, and preventive behaviours. Strengthening nutrition education, encouraging early ANC attendance, and improving adherence to iron–folic acid supplementation are crucial to reducing anaemia in pregnancy.