Hpv Vaccine Knowledge and Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers in Anambra State

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination remains a cornerstone of cervical cancer prevention and the control of other HPV-related malignancies. Healthcare workers are critical to the success of vaccination programmes, as their knowledge, attitudes, and recommendations strongly influence public acceptance. This study assessed the level of knowledge, willingness, and factors influencing hesitancy toward HPV vaccination among healthcare workers in Anambra State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 430 healthcare workers selected using a multistage stratified random sampling technique across public and private health facilities. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire and analysed with IBM SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise key variables, while inferential analyses—including chi-square tests, independent t-tests, analysis of variance, and correlation analysis—were employed to examine associations between knowledge, willingness, and selected sociodemographic characteristics. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Overall, knowledge of HPV and its vaccine was high, with 91.6% of respondents demonstrating adequate knowledge. Awareness of the association between HPV and cervical cancer was high; however, knowledge that HPV affects both males and females was comparatively lower. Willingness to accept and recommend HPV vaccination was also high, with 81.4% of respondents exhibiting high willingness. Vaccine safety concerns and fears of long-term side effects were the most commonly reported factors influencing hesitancy. Knowledge scores differed significantly by age, profession, and practice location, while willingness varied by marital status, religion, level of healthcare, and practice location. A weak but statistically significant positive correlation was observed between knowledge and willingness to accept HPV vaccination (r = 0.152, p = 0.002). In conclusion, healthcare workers in Anambra State demonstrated high levels of knowledge and strong willingness to support HPV vaccination, despite residual concerns and misconceptions. Strengthening targeted continuing professional education, ensuring sustained institutional support, and improving vaccine availability may further enhance healthcare worker advocacy and HPV vaccine uptake.