249 Articles
Dr. M. Madhuri Irene, Dr. Nishanth Moparty, Mr. Himanshu Noah Pascal
The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among young adults has escalated significantly, marking a concerning shift in global health trends. This article explores the multifactorial causes behind this surge, focusing on how modern lifestyle factors—including sedentary behaviour, poor dietary habits, elevated stress, substance abuse, and inadequate sleep—contribute to early onset heart conditions. Technological advances and urban living, while offering convenience, have inadvertently reduced physical activity and increased exposure to fast food and processed meals. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated this crisis by disrupting routines and deterring timely medical care. Evidence suggests a rise in postviral cardiac complications, particularly among previously healthy youth. Additionally, legal and ethical considerations related to cardiology, such as informed consent, medical negligence, and organ transplantation laws in India, are examined. The article advocates for proactive preventive strategies, including public health reforms, youth-centered screening programs, lifestyle modifications, and workplace wellness policies. By integrating medical insights with legal accountability and behavioral change, it is possible to mitigate the growing cardiovascular burden in India’s younger population. This paper underscores the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaboration and policy advocacy to protect the heart health of future generations. It serves as a call to action for clinicians, educators, policymakers, and families to recognize the silent epidemic brewing in the hearts of the young.
M. Sangeetha, Meripe Joshi, T. Rama Rao
An accurate and precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Saxagliptin and Sitagliptin in bulk dosage form. The chromatographic analysis was carried out using a Discovery C18 column (4.6 x 150 mm, 5 µm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.01N KH2PO4 in a 65:35 ratio, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min through the column. The buffer used was OPA with a pH of 4.4, and the temperature was maintained at 30°C. The wavelength optimized for detection was 210 nm. The retention times for Saxagliptin and Sitagliptin were determined to be 2.216 minutes and 2.650 minutes, respectively. The %RSD for Saxagliptin and Sitagliptin were found to be 0.5 and 1.1, respectively. The %recovery for Saxagliptin was 99.61%, and for Sitagliptin, it was 100.20%. The LOD and LOQ values, derived from the regression equations, were 0.10 and 0.31 for Saxagliptin, and 1.69 and 5.13 for Sitagliptin. The regression equation for Saxagliptin was y = 12784x + 1088.7, and for Sitagliptin, it was y = 12398x + 11053. The reduced retention times and run time make this method simple and cost- effective, suitable for routine quality control testing in industrial settings.{1}
Dr. H. Narsimulu, Dr. Madugu Vijay Kumar
Global commerce in the new world order is characterized by rapid technological change, shifting geopolitical power, and an increasing emphasis on sustainability. This paper explores the evolving landscape of global commerce in the context of the new world order, with a particular focus on India’s role. It examines the changing geopolitical dynamics, the impact of technological advancements, and the shifts in trade relationships. India's strategies to position itself as a key player in global trade, the government policies aimed at boosting the economy, and the opportunities and challenges India faces in this new global framework will be analyzed. This paper also offers insights into how India can capitalize on its strategic position to navigate the complexities of the global economy in a post-pandemic world.
Dr Gitanjali Mathur, Dr. Harish Jabdoliya, Dr. O.P Sharma, Kanak Chaudhary
A corn, also known as a Clavus, is a thickening of the skin caused by intermittent pressure and friction. These forces result in hyperkeratosis, both clinically and histologically. Chronic pain can result from a corn's significant skin thickening, particularly in the forefoot. It is not a viral, fungal, or bacterial infection. In order to protect the skin and its inner layers from external pressures, corn is composed of thicker skin layers. The first signs are typically sensitive, painful areas on the toes, which quickly develop into corns if not treated. Most of corn is caused by an individual's footwear. Homoeopathy can be helpful in treating a number of skin problems, as shown by the case study of a young person who received 2-3 months of treatment for corn using a homoeopathic similimum selected based on individualization. The case was treated with antimonium crudum. The physician has supplied homoeopathic similimum. The remedy was antimonium crudum.
Asha D, Ashna p jiji, Athul Krishnan, Blessy Mathew, Shine Thomas, Sifana jasmine, Snehasree
Educational advancements in nursing emphasise preparing students for lifelong, self-directed learning, where memory and retention are closely linked. Nursing students often struggle with organising and retaining subject matter, which is compounded by concentration difficulties during classes. This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mind mapping on information retrieval among B.Sc. nursing students, assess associations with selected demographic variables, and gauge opinions on the technique. A quasi-experimental design with 60 B.Sc. nursing students from selected colleges in Kozhikode used convenience sampling, with pre- and post-tests comparing experimental and control groups. In the experimental group pretest, 53.33% had moderate knowledge, 36.67% good, and 10% poor, with none excellent; post-intervention, 53.33% achieved excellent and 46.67% good knowledge. The control group pretest showed 50% good, 36.67% excellent, 10% moderate, and 3.33% poor knowledge. Post-test in the experimental group showed significant gains, with no excellent knowledge pre-intervention rising to 53.33%. The paired t-test yielded a t-value of 12.35 (p < 0.05; table value = 2.05), indicating the effectiveness of mind mapping.
Menchie C. Abanto
Clothing is an essential part of our everyday lives, serving not only a practical purpose of providing protection and warmth, but also as a form of self-expression and personal style. From casual streetwear to formal attire, there is a wide range of styles and options available to suit every individual’s taste and personality. Clothing shops play a crucial role in providing a space for customers to explore and try on different garments, allowing them to find the perfect pieces that make them feel confident and comfortable. These shops offer various brands, designers, catering a wide range of preferences. Whether they are looking for the latest fashion trends, timeless classics, clothing shops offer a variety of options to help them find the perfect outfit for any occasion. One of the most major industries in the world is clothing. Fashion is responsible for a sizeable portion of the world economy. It is a major industry that adds value to the global economy. The global fashion sector would rank as the seventh-largest economy in the world if its GDP were compared to that of individual nations (Fashion United, 2022). The most recent figures available for the global garment industry, $1.7 trillion or 13.7 percent more will be made in revenue from the apparel market in 2023. Over the past ten years, this has grown significantly.
Krishnapriya N. P, Maha Rahim, Mohammed Niyas. K. P, Neha. P, Reshma E.R, Sanal. N, Shine Thomas
Adolescence establishes foundational patterns for lifelong health, academic success, social functioning, and emotional well-being, yet marks heightened vulnerability to mental health issues and low self-esteem. This study assessed the relationship between perceived parenting styles and self-esteem among adolescents. Additional objectives examined parenting style distribution, self-esteem levels, and associations with demographic variables, grounded in Betty Neuman's Systems Model. A descriptive study was conducted with 100 adolescent students at MKHMMO Higher Secondary School, Manassery, Calicut, using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Perceived Parenting Style Scale (Divya T. V. & Manikandan, K.), and a demographic proforma. Data analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics. Most adolescents exhibited moderate self-esteem (64%), with 29% high and 7% low. Authoritative parenting perception (82%) correlated descriptively with higher self-esteem (31.7% high, 62.2% moderate, 6.1% low), while authoritarian (9%) and permissive (9%) styles linked to lower levels. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant association (χ² = 9.49, p > .05; critical value = 5.37).
Aatrey Warke, Bhushan Musale, Dipak Kadve, Pratik Mhaisane
Cricket has evolved dramatically with the rise of shorter formats, particularly T20 cricket, reshaping how players plan innings and approach shot selection. This study presents a comparative analysis of batting strategies between Test and T20 formats, combining quantitative performance data from international matches (2000–2024) with insights from selected peer-reviewed studies on performance analytics, biomechanics, cognitive behavior, and tactical modeling. The objective is to understand how risk appetite, scoring tempo, and decision-making differ across formats and how technological tools such as machine learning and video analytics enhance tactical awareness. Results show that T20 batting emphasizes aggression and situational adaptation, while Test batting remains grounded in patience and defensive mastery. Statistical trends indicate a 27 % increase in boundary frequency and a 45 % reduction in average innings duration in T20 matches. The comparative framework developed here integrates traditional performance metrics with modern data-driven indicators to provide a holistic understanding of batting strategies across cricket’s most contrasting formats.
Baldeep Singh, Saumya Srivastava
Hospital service quality significantly impacts patient satisfaction and health outcomes. However, variations in service quality across hospitals can lead to disparities in patient care. This study aims to evaluate the differences in service quality among hospitals, assess the effectiveness of quality improvement programs, identify factors influencing service quality, and examine patient satisfaction in various aspects of care. The goal is to offer evidence-based recommendations for improving healthcare services and patient experiences. The study employed a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were collected through patient satisfaction surveys from 320 patients across 10 hospitals in Lucknow, including both public and private facilities, evaluating various aspects of care. Qualitative interviews were conducted with hospital staff and administrators to explore key factors determining service quality. Hospital records were analysed to assess the effectiveness of quality improvement initiatives. Statistical analysis was used to compare service quality and patient satisfaction across the hospitals. The findings indicate significant differences in service quality across hospitals of Lucknow. Factors such as staffing levels, resource allocation, and infrastructure were key determinants of service quality. Some hospitals demonstrated higher patient satisfaction due to the successful implementation of quality improvement programs, while others showed gaps in service delivery. This study reveals important disparities in hospital service quality and identifies effective quality improvement programs. The findings are used to propose evidence-based recommendations aimed at enhancing service quality and improving patient satisfaction, contributing to better overall healthcare outcomes.
Madhuri Latha Gondi
The evolution of mobile application development frameworks has a direct impact on software quality, maintainability, and development efficiency. Apple’s SwiftUI framework introduces a declarative user interface paradigm that contrasts with the imperative UIKit framework traditionally used in iOS development. While SwiftUI has gained rapid industry adoption, empirical evaluations comparing it with UIKit remain limited. This study presents a systematic and metric-driven comparison of SwiftUI and UIKit, focusing on architectural design, development productivity, code complexity, state management reliability, and runtime performance. An experimental methodology was employed in which equivalent application modules were implemented using both frameworks and evaluated using quantitative software engineering metrics. The results demonstrate that SwiftUI significantly reduces development time and code complexity while maintaining comparable runtime performance. These findings provide empirical evidence supporting SwiftUI as a scalable and future-oriented framework for modern iOS application development.
B Sai Sahitya Hiranmayee, G. Ramesh Naidu, Harsita Patnaik
Applications including disease diagnosis, species identification, and phenotypic trait evaluation are made possible by leaf image processing, which is crucial to automated plant analysis. Clustering algorithms are one of the most popular image analysis approaches for grouping visually related regions in leaf images without the need for annotated data. This makes them appropriate for agricultural settings where manual annotation is difficult. The clustering methods used in leaf image processing for plant analysis are thoroughly examined in this article. Partitional, hierarchical, density-based, fuzzy, and hybrid clustering techniques are comprehensively categorized in the paper, and their efficacy in tasks like leaf segmentation, lesion localization, and feature grouping is discussed. To provide a cohesive analytical framework, popular preprocessing procedures, feature extraction techniques, and clustering evaluation metrics are also examined. Additionally emphasized are recent developments that combine clustering with machine learning and deep learning models, highlighting their capacity to tackle issues with illumination variance, backdrop complexity, and leaf morphological diversity. Lastly, this review highlights important research issues and suggests future areas of inquiry to strengthen the reliability and effectiveness of clustering-based leaf image analysis systems.
Dhanush T, Kaviyarasan M, Leelambigai D, Shakthi R
A mother from conception to a child’s second year represents a crucial period for physical growth, brain development, and long-term health. Proper nutrition and healthy lifestyle practices during this window can significantly reduce maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, prevent malnutrition, and promote optimal development. This article highlights recommended nutritional foods and healthy practices for pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children up to two years of age, with special reference to the Siddha system of medicine.
Engr. Bernard C. Fabro, John Aarom P. Mina, Jose Alfonso P. Labrador, Kinnah Charish I. Torre, Mark Anthony A. Zamora, Mark Yancee P. Vicente, Ryan N. Gripon
The increasing number of vehicles on the road has led to a higher risk of accidents, especially during reverse parking and in congested traffic conditions. Many minor collisions occur due to limited rear visibility and the driver’s inability to accurately judge distance. As a response to this problem, this project research focuses on the development of a low-cost and reliable reverse parking assistance system using an Ultrasonic Sensor and an Arduino Uno R3. The background of this study is rooted in the need for an affordable alternative to commercial parking sensors that can still provide accurate and real-time obstacle detection. The main objective of this research is to detect obstacles located at the rear of a vehicle and provide timely warnings to help avoid collisions while parking or moving slowly in traffic. Specifically, the system aims to measure the distance between the vehicle and nearby obstacles and alert the driver through visual and audio indicators based on the detected distance. The methodology of the study involves integrating an ultrasonic sensor with an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller. The ultrasonic sensor continuously measures the distance of objects behind the vehicle by emitting and receiving sound waves. Based on the measured distance, the Arduino processes the data and activates a buzzer and LEDs. The LEDs light up sequentially in green, yellow, and red to indicate safe, caution, and danger zones, respectively, while the buzzer provides an audible warning as obstacles get closer. The key results of the project show that the system is capable of accurately detecting obstacles in real-time and effectively providing distance-based alerts. In conclusion, the proposed system demonstrates a practical and efficient solution for reverse parking assistance, with potential for further improvement and application in advanced vehicle safety systems.
Engr. Bernard C. Fabro, John Aarom P. Mina, Jose Alfonso P. Labrador, Kinnah Charish I. Torre, Mark Anthony A. Zamora, Mark Yancee P. Vicente, Ryan N. Gripon
The increasing number of vehicles on the road has led to a higher risk of accidents, especially during reverse parking and in congested traffic conditions. Many minor collisions occur due to limited rear visibility and the driver’s inability to accurately judge distance. As a response to this problem, this project research focuses on the development of a low-cost and reliable reverse parking assistance system using an Ultrasonic Sensor and an Arduino Uno R3. The background of this study is rooted in the need for an affordable alternative to commercial parking sensors that can still provide accurate and real-time obstacle detection. The main objective of this research is to detect obstacles located at the rear of a vehicle and provide timely warnings to help avoid collisions while parking or moving slowly in traffic. Specifically, the system aims to measure the distance between the vehicle and nearby obstacles and alert the driver through visual and audio indicators based on the detected distance. The methodology of the study involves integrating an ultrasonic sensor with an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller. The ultrasonic sensor continuously measures the distance of objects behind the vehicle by emitting and receiving sound waves. Based on the measured distance, the Arduino processes the data and activates a buzzer and LEDs. The LEDs light up sequentially in green, yellow, and red to indicate safe, caution, and danger zones, respectively, while the buzzer provides an audible warning as obstacles get closer. The key results of the project show that the system is capable of accurately detecting obstacles in real-time and effectively providing distance-based alerts. In conclusion, the proposed system demonstrates a practical and efficient solution for reverse parking assistance, with potential for further improvement and application in advanced vehicle safety systems.
Brian Bantugan, PhD
This study investigates the influence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) on higher education governance, with a focus on creating a multisectoral and democratized policy framework for St. Paul University Manila (SPUM). It discusses the ethical and practical implications of AI adoption, highlighting the increasing control of AI by global corporations and the risks associated with techno-authoritarianism. The paper asserts that universities, particularly Catholic institutions, must assert leadership in the governance of AI by creating policies that align with their moral and civic responsibilities. By examining both open-source and for-profit AI systems, the study emphasizes the need for universities to manage AI's integration through participatory, transparent governance that incorporates faculty, students, administrators, IT professionals, and community stakeholders. Key mechanisms for user influence on AI, such as prompt engineering and system-level personalization, are also explored, alongside the economic pressures shaping AI's architecture and functionality. The proposed framework offers a balance between centralized control for risk management and decentralized user involvement in decision-making processes. The paper concludes by recommending a localized AI governance policy for SPUM, grounded in Catholic social teachings, and emphasizes the necessity of ongoing review and adaptation to ensure AI's responsible use in teaching, research, and administration.
Ajaz Ahmed Wani
The development of nuclear weapons added a new dimension to conventional conflict: The possibility that it could inadvertently escalate into a nuclear exchange. But when conflicts occur, they may be more aggressive and decisive. These results offer insight into the difficulty of substituting nuclear weapons for conventional arms. This era also sees the increasing impact of interconnected global challenges like resource competition and climate change, which fuel internal and international conflicts, alongside a growing trend of conflict types that may be more aggressive and decisive, demanding a renewed commitment to trust, cooperation, and disarmament to achieve global stability and prevent nuclear catastrophe. In this article author discussed the consequences of nuclear threat along with present scenario.
Muzvondiwa John V, Ndau Blessing M, Nyararai Yvonne O, Nyoni-Phili Sizanobuhle L
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), the primary causative agent of colibacillosis, is a major and growing threat to global poultry production, leading to significant economic losses. In Southern Africa, the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) is an economically, culturally, and nutritionally important indigenous poultry species for local communities. However, its production is constrained by infectious diseases such as colibacillosis posing a significant yet understudied challenge. This review synthesises the current, albeit limited, knowledge on APEC in Southern African guinea fowls. We detail the key virulence genes including adhesins (fimH), iron acquisition systems (iutA, fyuA), and immune evasion factors (iss) that facilitate pathogenesis. A critical concern is the convergence of these virulence genes with multidrug resistance (MDR) on mobile genetic elements. This fusion drives the emergence of dangerous, high-risk bacterial clones. Genomic studies confirm that APEC shares significant genetic overlap with human extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), such as sequence types ST95 and ST131, underscoring a substantial zoonotic threat. While conventional PCR has been instrumental in initial virulence profiling, we advocate for the widespread application of Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) to elucidate the unique population structure of guinea fowl APEC, precisely assess zoonotic risk, and guide interventions. Effective control requires an integrated, One Health approach encompassing stringent antibiotic stewardship, enhanced genomic surveillance, and the development of targeted strategies such as vaccines, phage therapy, and robust biosecurity measures tailored to guinea fowl farming systems. Filling these knowledge gaps is essential for safeguarding guinea fowl health, ensuring food security, and mitigating the public health crisis of antimicrobial resistance.
Pawar P. M., Vasait J. D.
Coccidiosis is a highly prevalent and economically important parasitic disease of goats caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria, which invade and multiply within the intestinal epithelium. The disease predominantly affects young kids and results in substantial production losses due to impaired growth, reduced feed efficiency, increased susceptibility to secondary infections, and mortality in severe cases. Among the caprine coccidia, Eimeria arloingi and Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae are regarded as the most pathogenic species. Although clinical disease is frequently reported, subclinical infections remain a major hidden constraint in goat production systems, particularly under intensive and semi-intensive management. This review synthesizes classical and recent literature on caprine coccidiosis, covering the taxonomy, life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and current strategies for treatment and prevention. Emphasis is placed on emerging challenges such as anticoccidial resistance, climate-driven changes in disease epidemiology, and the need for integrated control strategies in sustainable goat farming systems.
Dr. Nutan Kumari, Preeti Peter Ekka, Rameshwar Rathore, Shobhnath Rajwade
This paper examines the complexity of hedge fund strategies within the global economy and highlights the ongoing need to better understand their operations, particularly during periods of financial instability. Hedge funds are distinguished by their flexible investment mandates, use of advanced financial instruments, and active risk-taking approaches, which can significantly influence market dynamics. The paper discusses the classification of hedge funds based on factors such as investment style, geographic focus, and trading strategies, emphasizing the diverse nature of the industry. It also analyses key hedge fund strategies, including arbitrage, event-driven, distressed, and merger strategies, outlining their objectives and associated risks. The conclusion underscores the importance of increased transparency, stronger regulatory oversight, and improved disclosure to mitigate systemic risks. Furthermore, it calls for continued research to enhance understanding of hedge fund behaviour and their impact on global financial markets, supporting more informed investment and policy decisions.
Jaishree Mishra, Ramesh Srikonda
Historic sites and places are vital settings for fostering sensitive understanding and acknowledging the existing cultural knowledge among people. However, understanding the spatial configuration and the correlations among heritage spaces can promote cognitive-based experiences. Space syntax is a well-known theory and research technique that examines how spatial analysis affects social characteristics. Even with its substantial contributions, some domains remain under investigated. This review paper will evaluate the inductive analysis of the effectiveness of space syntax in enhancing behavioural and cognitive experiences in and around heritage sites. The purpose of this study is to identify existing knowledge in space syntax, with a primary focus on the cognitive experiences of heritage sites. The study used the VOSviewer tool and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) framework to systematically review a selection of papers from a Scopus database literature search, after screening 694 pertinent articles. Twenty-three publications were chosen for a thorough examination of existing knowledge after the inclusion criteria were used. This assessment of the literature took a fresh tack by combining and evaluating the varied existing applications and predictions of space syntax in planning and conservation. The discussions suggest a wide range of research contributions and directions for a comprehensive overview of cognitive analysis. In conclusion, exploring the interplay and integration of space syntax is robust enough to capture the cognitive experience of heritage sites. The study underscores the significance of space syntax, which sets the foundations for conceptual and methodological research frameworks to create sensitive environments in and around heritage sites.
Abishek M, Muthazhagan A, Sivasubramaniyan S, Suganya C
Siddha system of medicine describes 32 forms of External medicines in Siddha Literature: Medicated Nasal Application is one of the 32 external therapies. The Siddha formulation "Peenisa Kirutham," which is mentioned in Kannusamy Parambarai Vaidhyam, is indicated for 'Ratha Peenisam' (Sinusitis). The goal of this review to validate Peenisa Kirutham with its pharmacological activities for the treatment of sinusitis. Based on Siddha literature, modern medicine knowledge and research-based studies also provides pharmacological activities in the ingredients of Peenisa Kirutham which helps to cure sinusitis.
Dr D. Madhu Sudhakar, Dr. P. Swamy Naidu, Smt. B. kumari, Smt. G.R.N.S. Sujatha
Over half of India's population depends upon agriculture for their livelihoods, although it faces many obstacles as water scarcity, low productivity, and land fragmentation. Due to restricted access to contemporary equipment, over 86% of farmers cultivate small plots, which results in inefficiencies. Unpredictable weather, deteriorating soil health, pest outbreaks, low production, and soil degradation from chemical fertilizers are some of the major issues facing Indian agriculture. Furthermore, post-harvest losses due to insufficient storage, inefficient markets, and transportation reduce farmer earnings, and many are unable to obtain essential market data, leaving them vulnerable to price manipulation. AI is a field of computer science that develop systems that can learn or be taught to make judgments and predictions within specific context,. Numerous intelligent behaviours, like process optimization and predictive modelling, pattern recognition, natural language processing and machine translation may be carried out by AI applications. To overcome these, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a game-changing tool, helping Indian farmers shift from traditional to data-driven, precision-based agriculture. With the use of predictive forecasting, this approach will assist farmers in understanding market demand. In the future of tomorrow, artificial intelligence and its related sciences are geared to "AI Agro technology."
Dr D. Madhu Sudhakar4, Dr. P. Swamy Naidu, Smt. B. Kumari2, Smt. G.R.N.S. Sujatha
Over half of India's population depends upon agriculture for their livelihoods, although it faces many obstacles as water scarcity, low productivity, and land fragmentation. Due to restricted access to contemporary equipment, over 86% of farmers cultivate small plots, which results in inefficiencies. Unpredictable weather, deteriorating soil health, pest outbreaks, low production, and soil degradation from chemical fertilizers are some of the major issues facing Indian agriculture. Furthermore, post-harvest losses due to insufficient storage, inefficient markets, and transportation reduce farmer earnings, and many are unable to obtain essential market data, leaving them vulnerable to price manipulation. AI is a field of computer science that develop systems that can learn or be taught to make judgments and predictions within specific context,.Numerous intelligent behaviours, like process optimization and predictive modelling, pattern recognition, natural language processing and machine translation may be carried out by AI applications. To overcome these, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a game-changing tool, helping Indian farmers shift from traditional to data-driven, precision-based agriculture With the use of predictive forecasting, this approach will assist farmers in understanding market demand. In the future of tomorrow, artificial intelligence and its related sciences are geared to "AI Agro technology."
Dr. T. Sivasakthi Rajammal
Assimilation style plays a significant role in how college students adapt, integrate, and respond to academic, social, and cultural environments. The present study aims to examine the assimilation style among college students and understand how they adjust to new learning experiences, peer interactions, and institutional culture. A descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected from a sample of 1023 college students using a structured questionnaire on assimilation style. The study explores different dimensions of assimilation, including cognitive, social, emotional, and academic adaptation. The findings are expected to provide insights into the level of assimilation among students and the factors influencing their adjustment in higher education settings. The results of this study may help educators and administrators design effective strategies to support students’ integration and overall well-being in college environments. The formulated hypotheses and objectives were tested using appropriate statistical technique t-test and F-Test Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Guoping Fan, Harrison Daka, Mukuka Lydia Mulenga – Hagane
The expansion of Chinese language education in Zambia, primarily through the Confucius Institute at the University of Zambia (CI‑UNZA), represents a significant shift in the country’s linguistic and educational landscape. While Mandarin has gained prominence globally as a language of economic, diplomatic, and cultural influence, its integration into African education systems remains uneven and under-explored. In Zambia, learners increasingly perceive Mandarin proficiency as a gateway to scholarships, employment, and international mobility, reflecting the growing influence of China’s investment and soft-power strategies. Yet, despite substantial enrolments and programmatic expansion, questions persist regarding the effectiveness, sustainability, and broader lessons of these initiatives within the Zambian context. Understanding these lessons is important for multiple reasons. First, the rapid growth of Mandarin education raises concerns about institutional capacity, curriculum alignment, teacher preparedness, and the long-term viability of programs dependent on external support. Second, Zambia’s multilingual education system already contends with structural challenges, including limited instructional resources, teacher shortages, and policy inconsistencies, which may be exacerbated by the introduction of a high-demand foreign language. Finally, while global scholarship on Confucius Institutes and Chinese language education has documented trends in Asia, Europe, and other African countries, there remains a paucity of empirical evidence examining the practical lessons and policy implications emerging from Zambian learners’ experiences.
Bolarinwa Kunle Fehintola, Franklin Taiye Umaigba, PhD, Olukayode Idris LASISI
This study examined the relevance, effectiveness, and industrial needs of the accounting curriculum in Nigerian polytechnics. The research was motivated by growing concerns that accounting graduates, while theoretically sound, often lack the practical, digital, and professional skills required by industry. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 356 respondents, comprising lecturers, final year students, recent graduates, and employers across selected polytechnics in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was validated through expert review and pilot testing, achieving reliability coefficients above 0.70. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression techniques. Findings revealed that the accounting curriculum, though relevant in providing core financial reporting and taxation knowledge, is outdated in emerging areas such as data analytics, forensic accounting, ICT-based accounting tools, and sustainability reporting. Curriculum effectiveness was found to be moderate, with teaching largely delivered through traditional lecture methods, lacking modern pedagogical practices such as case studies, simulations, and ICT-based learning. Industry linkages, particularly the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES), were poorly implemented and inconsistently supervised, reducing their impact on employability. Regression results showed that curriculum effectiveness had the strongest influence on employability, followed by curriculum relevance and industry linkages, jointly explaining 58% of the variance in graduate employability outcomes. The study concludes that while Nigerian polytechnic curricula provide a strong theoretical base, they fall short of preparing graduates for modern workplace realities. It recommends continuous curriculum reviews by NBTE in collaboration with professional bodies, pedagogical reforms to integrate student-centered and technology-driven methods, stronger industry linkages through structured SIWES, and greater investment in ICT infrastructure. The findings reinforce the Human Capital and Stakeholder Theories, emphasizing that curriculum reform must align educational outcomes with industrial expectations to enhance graduate employability and contribute to national development.
Dr. Prashant Singh, Sonali Singh
Climate Change is currently one of the most discussed issues in international politics regarding its growing significance in the 21st century as a global threat to the environment, social, as well as economic structures. As climate change deepens, negative weather conditions such as droughts, prolonged dry seasons, floods, heat waves, etc. has increased and exerted a lot of pressure on the environment. This stress compelled migration, especially in the Rural and Agricultural sentinel groups that saw their sources of earning a livelihood are affected. Thus, the motives of migration are determined by socio-economic conditions and poverty deprives individuals of the opportunity to move safely and efficiently. Climate Change disproportionately affects populations in a manner that is governed by gender. The gender-specific risks are managed by pre-existing conditions in social relations, which means a worsened situation for women, such as greater poverty and forced migration. The study compares the findings’ direct and indirect impacts of climate change on migration, poverty, and gender through secondary data analysis. The conclusions made in the research would help to establish the proactive strategies in the governmental agenda potentially beneficial for overcoming the detrimental effects of climate change on socially vulnerable population groups including women as well as contributing to attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Felicia Oluremilekun Oladeji, Quadri Adebayo Lawal
This study investigates the adoption of Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) in Nigerian businesses, focusing on three primary objectives: assessing awareness levels, identifying implementation challenges, and evaluating the perceived benefits. By employing a mixed-methods approach combining surveys and interviews with financial and IT professionals across various sectors, the research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of XBRL adoption. The study seeks to fill existing knowledge gaps by quantifying the current awareness, delineating barriers such as technological limitations and cost implications, and highlighting the potential enhancements in financial transparency and regulatory compliance that XBRL offers. Expected contributions to knowledge include detailed recommendations for overcoming adoption hurdles and promoting broader implementation, thus aiding policymakers and businesses in making informed decisions regarding financial reporting technologies in emerging markets.
Dr. C.Sivakkolundu, M. Renuga
Agricultural development and sustainability is the process of improving agricultural practices to increase food production while simultaneously ensuring the long-term viability of farming by protecting natural resources, economic stability, and social well-being. It moves farming beyond simply meeting current food needs to addressing broader global challenges, such as climate change, resource scarcity, and poverty. Sustainable agricultural development requires a fundamental shift away from the input-intensive, profit-driven models of the past. Success is no longer measured solely by yield but by a triple bottom line that includes environmental health, economic viability, and social equity. This perspective promotes a resilient and adaptive food system rather than a fragile, high-risk one. The agricultural development process is a multi-stage approach that transforms traditional farming into a modern, highly productive, and sustainable system
Aakash Sumesh Kumar, Keerthanaa Vijayanand, Raghul Rajah Santha Moorthi Rajah
Ulva‑mediated green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials offers a sustainable pathway for next‑generation environmental monitoring platforms that overcome the limitations of conventional laboratory‑bound pollutant analysis. This review critically examines the role of Ulva intestinalis as a biofactory for ZnO nanoparticles and connects its unique phytochemical profile to mechanistic aspects of nanoparticle formation, surface functionalization, and performance in sensing applications. The discussion begins with the changing global pollution landscape and the constraints of chromatographic–mass spectrometric techniques, motivating a shift toward distributed nanosensor systems capable of real‑time detection of complex contaminant mixtures. The principles of green chemistry are then related to Ulva‑derived extracts, highlighting how ulvan, proteins, and associated polysaccharides act as reducing, chelating, and capping agents that drive nucleation, growth, and stabilization of wurtzite‑phase ZnO with tailored morphology, porosity, and surface chemistry. Subsequent sections link physicochemical features such as crystal structure, defect states, bandgap, and bio‑organic corona to chemiresistive gas sensing, photocatalytic degradation, and electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions in environmental matrices. Particular emphasis is placed on the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning for signal preprocessing, feature extraction, pattern recognition, and drift compensation, supporting robust pollutant classification and quantification under variable humidity and multi‑pollutant conditions. Finally, the review outlines the incorporation of green‑synthesized ZnO into IoT and AIoT architectures, addressing biosafety, ecotoxicological considerations, scalability of algal synthesis, and prospects for self‑powered piezo‑phototronic devices within smart environmental monitoring ecosystems.
A.A Galadima, C.A Okoloegbo, Emmanuel. C. Ochuba, Etuk, Enefiok. A, I.H Ezeh, Ifeanyi. C. Emeto, P.B Gbaranwi
The urgent need for sustainable hydrogen production has intensified research into efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), yet challenges like the high cost of platinum-group metals (PGMs) and catalyst degradation persist. This review explores how AI-driven high-throughput screening (HTS) accelerates the discovery of low-cost, durable HER electrocatalysts by bridging computational predictions and experimental validation. We analyze recent advancements where machine learning (ML) models—trained on density functional theory (DFT) datasets and experimental metrics—predict key descriptors (e.g., ΔG_H, d-band center) to identify non-precious alternatives like Ni₃Mo (ΔG_H ≈ 0.08 eV) and CoMoS₄ (overpotential = 32 mV). Autonomous laboratories equipped with robotic synthesis platforms further expedite material testing, exemplified by the discovery of La₀.₅Sr₀.₅CoO₃ via a self-driving lab that screened 1,200 perovskites. Despite progress, limitations such as data scarcity and the "black box" nature of ML hinder broader adoption. We highlight strategies to enhance interpretability, including explainable AI (XAI) techniques like SHAP values, which reveal atomic-level insights (e.g., pyrrolic-N dopants in Fe-N₄ SACs). Multi-objective optimization (MOO) frameworks balance activity, stability, and cost, while active learning loops refine predictions iteratively. Challenges like overfitting (RMSE > 0.2 eV for small datasets) and synthesis bottlenecks for complex morphologies are critically evaluated. The review concludes with recommendations: open-access databases for standardized HER data, physics-informed ML to integrate mechanistic equations, and operando characterization to capture dynamic catalyst behavior. By addressing these gaps, AI-HTS can unlock scalable, economically viable HER catalysts, advancing the global transition to green hydrogen.
Amparo T. Miguel, Dalawampu, Keith CJ, Segovia, Alma K, Sumajit, Joanne Mae D, Vento, Karen Lee April
The integration of AI in healthcare education is accelerating, offering innovative learning tools such as virtual simulations, adaptive learning platforms, and AI-assisted writing. Despite the benefits, gaps remain in nursing students’ awareness, readiness, and responsible use of AI. Ethical concerns, data privacy, and over-reliance on AI further underscore the need for structured integration in nursing curricula. This study aimed to assess the level of utilization and intent to adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI) among nursing students in a selected higher education institution. It also sought to propose guidelines for the proper use of AI in nursing education based on the findings. The study employed descriptive correlational quantitative design. Data was gathered from 482 nursing students at Mary Chiles College using a validated survey instrument. Stratified random sampling was applied. The instrument covered demographic profiles, AI usage levels, intent to adopt AI, and ethical assessments. Data were analyzed using statistical methods to determine correlations and significant differences among variables. The overall level of AI utilization was rated as "Moderate", with AI-assisted research and AI-enhanced writing being the most frequently used applications. The intent to adopt AI was also moderate, with readiness and awareness showing relatively higher means. Ethical awareness in AI use was likewise moderate, especially on human oversight and critical thinking. Pearson correlation revealed significant relationships between AI utilization and extent of academic use, intent to adopt AI, and responsible AI usage. An independent t-test showed a significant difference in AI utilization levels across student groups based on their intent to adopt AI. It was found that nursing students moderately engage with AI, showing potential for broader adoption, especially in academic applications. The study supports the development of institutional guidelines to enhance AI literacy, address ethical concerns, and promote responsible use in nursing education.
M. Selvarani, Nisha Rani, Parveen Sehgal
Introduction: The study explores the impact of consumer impulsive behaviour on customer satisfaction with FMCG products in the emerging district of Kallakurichi, Tamil Nadu. The rationale for this investigation stems from the district's rapid economic growth, rising consumer purchasing power, and the significance of understanding consumer behaviour in such evolving markets. Materials and Methods Used: A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing both primary and secondary data collection methods. A questionnaire was distributed among 400 respondents in the Kallakurichi district, with 391 valid responses received. Random sampling technique was adopted, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Version 21, including measures of central tendency, structural equation modelling, and Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. Results: The findings indicate a strong inclination towards impulse buying tendencies among consumers, with a notable influence on customer satisfaction. Impulse purchases were driven by enticing promotions and optimized product placements, while transparent information and a seamless shopping experience addressed decision-making concerns. Enhancements in product quality and pricing strategies positively influenced satisfaction levels, with effective communication mitigating negative perceptions. Conclusion: In conclusion, leveraging impulse buying tendencies by understanding consumer motivations and tailoring marketing strategies accordingly is key to capitalizing on spontaneous purchases. Addressing decision-making concerns, enhancing satisfaction and perception, nurturing brand loyalty, and optimizing post-purchase experiences are crucial for fostering enduring customer relationships and maintaining a positive brand reputation in the competitive FMCG market. Implementing these strategies enables businesses to effectively harness impulse buying tendencies and cultivate customer loyalty for sustained success in evolving market landscapes.
Kum Marius Kebei
People born at about the same time grow up sharing an historical period that shapes their views. These people are often referred to as a “generation” and are often entrusted with a social, political, divine or natural responsibility. The methods of expressing these relationships can be cordial or hostile depending on the peer groups, gender or cultural norms of the group. Expressing these relations becomes more complex in multilingual communities as we see in Lower Fungom. This paper examines the interface between indigenous knowledge and identity management, particularly the relevance of generation in multilingual communities. A sociolinguistic survey was carried out in four of the thirteen villages of Lower Fungom with an ethnographic interview guide that handled both linguistic and ethnographic information. The information collected through in-depth interviews was later verified through focus groups discussions where the participants refuted or confirmed what was provided as information during in-depth interviews. The data collected revealed that significant rates of multilingualism in the area are explained socially in terms of blood relations, marriage, perceived proximity and similarity, religion, education, individual relations and movements. Also, the data suggests that household multilingualism transmitted from one generation to another has become a culture and is responsible for the peaceful community and intercommunity coexistence in the area. Hence, there is no identity crisis in Lower Fungom communities but a new way of negotiating identity which begins from the household where there is tolerance and consensus in the use of different languages. Unlike in Lower Fungom where there is tolerance and consensus between generations in the practice of multilingualism, the situation has not been the same at the national level where a language crisis has engendered other crisis such as economic, political, and social crisis and consequent dysfunction in the country.
J. Senthilkumar, Tirupatirao Kalipindi, V. Mohanraj, Y. Suresh
Since cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world's leading cause of death, it is critical to develop prediction frameworks that are reliable, accurate, and easy to understand in order to facilitate prompt clinical decision making. Although many studies have been conducted on traditional machine learning techniques for cardiac risk assessment, their efficacy is frequently constrained by their dependence on manually created features and their restricted capacity to identify intricate non-linear relationships in clinical data. Although deep learning techniques provide better representation learning capabilities, overfitting and interpretability issues limit their efficacy on structured, low-dimensional clinical data. This paper proposes a novel deep learning framework that uses sparse autoencoders as feature augmentation in conjunction with CNN classification to provide robust prediction of heart disease. The sparse autoencoder allows for generation of enriched latent representations, due to the application of sparsity constraints helping to reveal hidden clinically relevant patterns in tabular patient records. This augmented representation is then reshaped into a structured sequence and passed through a CNN to capture higher-order feature interactions. Furthermore, a multitask learning strategy optimally trains the model to simultaneously optimally reconstruct and classify disease, ultimately improving the model's generalization capability and predictive stability. The proposed framework has been successfully validated through ten-fold cross-validation with a benchmark dataset established for predicting heart disease. The experimental results demonstrated that the framework produced a classification accuracy of 92%; the proposed framework exceeds both traditional machine learning methods and each of the individual neural networks used previously by other authors. Furthermore, statistical method analysis showed that the improvement seen with the proposed framework was statistically significant. Additionally, the explainability analysis identified risk factors that are clinically relevant for predicting the outcome of the model and will therefore enhance transparency and clinical confidence. The proposed method provides a scalable, easy to understand, and clinically relevant way of detecting Early Heart Disease (CVD) and supporting decisions related to it.
Miao Wujun, Norwaliza Abdul Wahab
This paper proposes an integrated conceptual framework for understanding learners’ experiences in Japanese language learning by bridging Adler’s Cross-Cultural Adaptation Theory and Byram’s Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) model. While existing research in Japanese language education has extensively examined linguistic challenges, motivation, and pedagogical practices, these dimensions are often treated in isolation, resulting in a fragmented understanding of learners’ developmental trajectories. Positioned as a conceptual article, this study does not report empirical data but instead advances theoretical clarification. It argues that language learning, particularly in culturally dense contexts such as Japanese, is best understood as an intercultural, emotional, and identity-related process rather than a purely technical acquisition. Adler’s framework contributes a developmental lens that illuminates psychological transformation, disorientation, and identity negotiation, while Byram’s model specifies the architecture of intercultural capabilities including attitudes, knowledge, skills, and critical cultural awareness. By integrating these perspectives, the paper reconceptualises learner challenges not as deficits but as meaningful stages of intercultural becoming. The resulting framework offers a coherent theoretical lens for future research design, interpretation, and pedagogical reflection in Japanese language education and other interculturally embedded language learning contexts. The contribution of this article lies in conceptual synthesis rather than empirical generalisation, providing a theoretically defensible foundation for understanding language learning as an intercultural developmental process.
Cyrus A. Jimenez, Engr. Bernard C. Fabro, Francis Angelo Q. Rique, Karl Kenneth A. Botalon, Kristine Anne R. Laput, Russel S. Del Rosario
Classroom noise is a common problem that can disrupt learning, reduce student focus, and make it difficult for teachers to deliver lessons effectively. To address this issue, this project presents a microcontroller-based classroom noise detection system that provides visual and audible feedback when noise exceeds a set threshold. The system uses a sound sensor (FC-04) to measure ambient noise levels in real-time and a microcontroller to process the input. Noise levels are indicated using three LED indicators — green for acceptable noise, orange for moderate noise, and red for high noise — while a buzzer provides an audible alarm when the noise exceeds the acceptable limit. The system is designed to help students become more aware of their noise levels and encourage a quieter, more productive classroom environment. By integrating hardware and simple programming, the system provides a reliable and automated approach to classroom noise management without relying solely on verbal reminders from teachers. In addition to classrooms, the system has potential applications in libraries, hospitals, industrial settings, and examination halls, where controlling noise is important for safety, focus, and comfort. The modular design also allows for future improvements, such as adjustable thresholds, data logging, or integration with automated monitoring systems. Overall, this project demonstrates the practical use of technology to improve discipline and maintain conducive learning environments. The system is simple, cost-effective, and can be easily implemented in educational settings to promote better concentration, minimize distractions, and enhance the overall teaching and learning experience.
Aljon Rhyan C. Tello, Alsel F. Macaspac, Engr. Minerva C. Zoleta, Kathleen Rae T. Requiz, Lynard A. Espiritu, Mikaela Kate C. Bolor
Community-level emergency response systems play a vital role in ensuring public safety, particularly in barangays where timely and accurate communication during emergencies is essential. Conventional incident reporting methods, such as phone calls or personal visits to barangay offices, often lead to delayed responses and poor coordination. This study presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)–based Barangay Panic Button System using an ESP32-C3 microcontroller integrated with a GPS module, verified email alert transmission, and cloud-based logging. The proposed system utilizes a push-button mechanism as the primary emergency trigger, allowing residents or authorized personnel to manually initiate alerts during critical situations. Under normal operation, a green LED indicates system readiness. When the panic button is pressed, the GPS module acquires the exact geographical location of the incident without requiring internet connectivity. The ESP32-C3 then uses a Wi-Fi connection to transmit the emergency alert, including the GPS coordinates, to the Brevo email platform. Unlike conventional alert systems, the device is programmed to activate visual and audible feedback only after successful email delivery. Upon confirmation, a red LED blinks while a buzzer sounds for a fixed duration of ten seconds, assuring the user that the alert has been successfully transmitted and recorded. Emergency notifications are received via email and automatically logged within the Brevo dashboard, providing access to delivery status, event history, and system statistics. While existing IoT-based emergency systems demonstrate the effectiveness of push-button alerts (Prayoko et al., 2019; Khanna & Sharma, 2017), many lack location accuracy, delivery verification, and centralized logging. By integrating manual activation, GPS-based location tracking, verified email delivery, and cloud-based logging, the proposed system offers a low-cost, reliable, and scalable emergency reporting solution suitable for barangay-level deployment.
Beloy, Marie Claire R., Clet, Justine Mikyla S., Santiago, Sophia Nicole A.
Cervical cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers among women worldwide and continues to pose a major global health challenge. Despite advances in treatment, the limitations and adverse effects of conventional therapies emphasize the need for safer and more effective anticancer agents derived from natural sources. This study investigated the anticancer potential of Cordyline fruticosa leaf methanolic extract against cervical cancer (HeLa) cells by analyzing its phytochemical composition, cytotoxic activity, and ability to induce apoptosis. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the extract’s flavonoid content. Five major flavonoids were detected: Rutin (35.2%), Luteolin (20.1%), Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (17.8%), Apigenin (14.6%), and a Myricetin derivative (8.3%). These compounds are known for their antioxidant and anticancer properties, suggesting that C. fruticosa is a promising source of bioactive phytochemicals. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the MTT assay. HeLa cells treated with extract concentrations ranging from 0–100 µg/mL for 48 hours exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, with an IC₅₀ value of 21.58 µg/mL, indicating a high cytotoxicity. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences among treatment groups (p < 0.001), confirming the extract’s inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation. To determine the mechanism underlying this cytotoxic effect, apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL and Annexin V/PI staining. The TUNEL assay revealed increased DNA fragmentation at higher extract concentrations. Flow cytometry analysis further demonstrated concentration-dependent apoptosis, with apoptotic cell percentages of 24.3%, 46.7%, and 71.2% at 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, and 100 µg/mL, respectively, compared to 5.8% in untreated cells. These results demonstrate that the methanolic extract of C. fruticosa leaf not only inhibits cellular proliferation but also actively promotes programmed cell death, a desirable mechanism in anticancer therapy.
Abdul Adamu, Adeola Oladapo Ojo, Ahmed A. Ibrahim, Blessing T. Abecan, Coker O. Victor, Duru John Chikwendu, Gabriel A. Sotade, Jegede A. Olorunbi, Oju Sunday Agboola, Olusegun Abel Oyinwola, Paulina Suleman, Rilwan A. Ajibade, Victor A. C. Biodun
Appraisal of the roles of youth in nation building is a major issues in any given community. The paper is to identify the indices of nation building in order to facilitate youth readiness to achieve them. This study is analyzed based on the inadequate financing by the government to the youth in nation building. The quantitative data were collected through questionnaire and interview conducted because of the need to look for commonly held attribute and to cover a large proportion in order to capture variation. Twelve (12) in-depth interviews were conducted in order to generate data from prominent politicians in the areas of study. Also, youth play a vital role or attribute in order to build or develop a nation. Recommendation based on the findings are; nation should invest in human capital of their society (especially the youth) by way of sound quality and affordable education. Parents, teachers, and government should provide avenue for youth to develop their potentials. Education and training should also be given.
Collins U. Udedi, Ebele S. Nwokoye
The impacts of migrant remittances and official development assistances (ODAs) on health outcomes in Nigeria between 2000 and 2024, were investigated. Despite increasing remittances and ODAs inflows in Nigeria, its developmental impact remain uncertain among researchers. Anchored on the Grossman health capital model and the two-gap theory, the study employs Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) techniques to assess the impacts of remittances, health-specific and non-health-specific ODAs, environmental conditions, and institutional quality on Nigeria’s health outcomes. The findings reveal that remittances and ODAs do not significantly improves health outcomes, even after accounting for institutional quality. It then concluded that remittances and ODAs are ineffective pathways for improving health outcomes in Nigeria and recommends prioritizing education and technical aids on targeted health programmes, such as community health base insurances, doctor without boarders’ initiatives for health improvement in Nigeria.
D. Harini, Dr. C.E. Pratap
Forensic science has been traditionally grounded in the assumption that objective scientific analysis, as carried out by human experts, can help the criminal justice system in uncovering the truth. From fingerprint analysis and handwriting comparison to DNA profiling and ballistic analysis, courts across various jurisdictions rely on expert interpretation of scientific expert opinion to establish guilt or innocence. However, this reliance has become increasingly constrained in an era marked by exponential data growth, complex digital manipulation and inherent limits in human cognitive and analytical capacity. In response, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has begun playing an expanding role in forensic processes. Machine learning systems, used in a variety of investigations such as voice identification, crime scene reconstruction, deepfake detection or digital forensics, offer the promise of enhanced speed, efficiency and analytical ability. These characteristics that are especially attractive to country like India where over-burdened criminal system is a common phenomenon.
DEDE Vivian Nonye, Edeh Obiora Alexander, Prof Syeah Suleiman A.S. Aruwa
Operational performance is pivotal to the sustainability of oil and gas operations, with metrics like resource utilization, disruption recovery, and delivery accuracy determining efficiency and stakeholder satisfaction. This study examined the effect of Supply Chain Risk Management Strategiesspecifically Risk Identification Strategies, Supplier Risk Assessment, Contract Management Risk, and Risk Mitigation Strategies on Operational Performance (OPP) at Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPC Ltd). Operational performance, in this study, is measured through operational efficiency, supply chain resilience, and customer satisfaction with delivery performance. Operational efficiency assesses resource utilization and process optimization, while resilience evaluates the ability to recover from disruptions. Customer satisfaction gauges delivery accuracy. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 258 experienced management and senior officers across five critical departments via structured questionnaires. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the data, revealing that Risk Mitigation Strategies (β = 0.405, p < 0.001), Risk Identification Strategies (β = 0.222, p = 0.013), and Supplier Risk Assessment (β = 0.210, p = 0.001) all significantly affect operational performance, while Contract Management Risk (β = 0.071, p = 0.334) had no significant effect. Collectively, these strategies explain 66.2% of the variance in operational performance (R² = 0.662). While Contract Management Risk was perceived as relevant, it did not translate into measurable performance gains. This study concluded that proactive, capability-driven risk strategies are vital to ensuring efficiency, resilience, and delivery reliability in volatile environments. Recommendations for NNPC Ltd include prioritizing risk mitigation through diversification and analytics, institutionalizing standardized identification frameworks, enhancing supplier vetting with real-time tools, and digitizing contract oversight to strengthen overall operational resilience
Chesikaw Lilian, Essendi Walter, Linnah Mayaa Jarra
The reproductive rights of women living with disabilities remain a significant but neglected facet of global health equity, particularly within low-resource environments. This paper evaluates the barriers to the accessibility and utilization of reproductive health services among women living with physical disabilities in Tana River County, Kenya. Utilizing a qualitative research design underpinned by the social model of disability, the investigation involved in-depth interviews with twenty women living with physical disabilities, alongside purposively selected healthcare providers and Ministry of Health administrators. Data were analyzed thematically, revealing five primary clusters of barriers: Physical and infrastructural deficits, communication and information gaps, attitudinal and social stigma, financial and policy enforcement failures, and significant concerns regarding privacy and autonomy. Quantitative indicators embedded within the analysis demonstrate that while essential services like antenatal care and family planning are reportedly available, meaningful accessibility is severely hampered by a lack of disability-friendly infrastructure and a deficiency in specialized provider training. The findings suggest that structural and systemic failures, rather than individual physical impairments, are the primary drivers of reproductive health disparities in this region. The study concludes with targeted recommendations for the implementation of universal design principles, institutionalized communication support, and the stringent enforcement of local disability-inclusive legislation to ensure reproductive equity for all women in Tana River County.
Dr. Raman Kumar Biswas, Gita Mistry, Protima Rani Das, Rifat Sharmin Nisha
This study evaluates drinking water quality and its health impacts in Shyamnagar Upazila, Satkhira, a disaster-prone rural area in Bangladesh. Residents face significant health issues like hypertension and kidney disease, primarily due to salinity intrusion from rising sea levels and groundwater contact. This problem is worsened by limited freshwater access and the unreliability of pond and rainwater harvesting during dry seasons, which also heightens the risk of waterborne diseases such as diarrhea and cholera. Additionally, arsenic contamination (0-25 ppb) from shallow tube wells poses long-term health threats like skin lesions, with groundwater over-extraction making traditional wells unsustainable.
Chandravathany Devadason
Fish play an important role in human nutrition as they contain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) and docosapentoenoic acid ( DPA,C20:5n-3) These particularly, omega-3 fatty acids play a role in preventing heart disease and have anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombolytic effects. The commonly consumed marine fishes ( n=8) used to assess the amount of EPA, DHA and DPA in raw fish as well as the cooked fish with coconut milk and fried with coconut oil. The results show that fatty acid compositions changed significantly during fish preparation by either cooking as curry or frying in coconut oil, and resulted in lower nutritive values than raw fish. Particularly, the healthy lipids EPA and DHA have been lost during fish preparation. These results reveal that traditional Asian fish cooking and frying method are not good method of fish processing for consumption. The adding to the evidence that consuming fried fish is less beneficial to human health than eating fish cooked in coconut cream as curry.
Edrian O. Gagote, Harvey U. Velasquez, Kellyprince Josch D. Gapol, Meshelle N. Fabro, Shane Kian G. Murillo
This study presents the design and development of a Passive Infrared (PIR) motion-activated lighting system intended to reduce energy waste and improve safety in residential and community environments. The project focuses on a sensor-based approach that operates without the use of a microcontroller, demonstrating how a PIR sensor can directly control a lighting circuit through motion detection. The system detects changes in infrared radiation emitted by the human body and automatically activates an LED light when movement is present, while keeping the light off in the absence of motion. The motivation for this project is rooted in common situations observed in Filipino households and barangay facilities, where lights are frequently left on unintentionally or manually operated lighting is neglected, leading to unnecessary electricity consumption and poorly lit areas. The methodology includes system planning, schematic design, component integration, and prototype testing under controlled indoor conditions. The prototype consists of a PIR sensor, LED light, resistors, power supply, and basic wiring components arranged to achieve reliable motion detection and automatic lighting response. Results from initial testing indicate that the PIR-based system successfully detects human motion within its effective range and responds by activating the lighting output with minimal delay. The system demonstrates consistent performance for indoor lighting applications and shows potential for improving energy efficiency and safety. Observations also reveal limitations such as sensitivity to environmental temperature changes and restricted detection range. Overall, the study confirms the feasibility of using PIR sensors for simple motion-activated lighting applications. The project highlights the potential of low-cost, sensor-based automation as a practical solution for households and community areas. Future improvements may include sensitivity adjustment, extended detection coverage, and integration with advanced control systems.
Abegail P. Ramirez, Alfred M. Francisco, Engr. Bernard C. Fabro, Ervin F. Raquin, Kathrina R. Meredor, Kiervin N. Guillena
This study demonstrates the design, development, and performance evaluation of an Automated Fire Suppression System that uses the Arduino Uno R3 as its primary micro controller. The proposed system is intended to enable an autonomous, real-time response to fire occurrences by combining infrared-based flame detection, closed-loop control logic, and electromechanical actuators. By continuously monitoring the environment for infrared radiation emitted by flames, the system can detect the presence of a fire, determine its relative location, and initiate a targeted suppression mechanism without human participation. The system contains a flame sensor module for fire detection, dual-axis servo motors for directional alignment, and an active fire suppression water pump handled by a relay. A structured input-process-output (IPO) model and closed-loop control architecture were used to enable accurate detection, precise nozzle positioning, and adaptive responses based on real-time feedback. Detection accuracy, mechanical reliability, and response consistency have been tested by experimental testing under various fire conditions. The results show a 100% response rate for fire detection and suppression throughout the effective operating range of 30 cm to 80 cm, proving that the system has the capability to neutralize medium to large fire sources effectively.
Arjay P. Satorre, Art D. Abrera, David A. Delgado, Engr. Bernard C. Fabro, James D. Blancaflor, Nemuel S. Verdaluza, Roilan I. Lagunero
Flooding is a common environmental problem that can cause serious damage to property and pose risks to human safety. Effective flood management requires early detection and timely response to rising water levels. This project, entitled “Automatic Flood Control”, presents an Arduino-based prototype system designed to monitor water levels and automatically control water pumps. The system uses a water level sensor to continuously detect changes in water height. When the water level reaches a predefined threshold, the Arduino activates a pump through a relay module to drain excess water.
Aastha Dhadwal, Dr. Nishu Raina
Āvarana represents a complex and comparatively underexplored construct within Ayurvedic pathophysiology, denoting the functional occlusion of Dosha-mediated activity—particularly that of Vata—preceding overt clinical manifestation. This subclinical derangement conceptually corresponds to the contemporary notion of the predisease state, characterized by reversible functional perturbations in the absence of irreversible structural pathology. The present review systematically examines classical expositions of Āvarana and critically correlates its early pathodynamic features with the predisease continuum described in modern biomedical discourse. Primary sources from the Brihattrayi1,2, supported by authoritative commentaries and relevant contemporary analyses, were evaluated to delineate the mechanistic basis by which Āvarana precipitates Srotodushti, disrupts homeostatic regulation, and establishes a substratum for progressive disease evolution. The interpretative synthesis demonstrates concordance with the sequential stages of Sanchaya, Prakopa, and Prasara, wherein obstruction to the normal gati of Doshas—notably Vata—manifests as prodromal yet often neglected features, including Gaurava (heaviness), deranged Vata dynamics, compromised Agni, and stagnation within Srotas. These alterations signify a reversible but pathodynamically active state consistent with preclinical pathology. Accordingly, Āvarana may be conceptualized not solely as a discrete pathological event but as a dynamic regulatory disturbance functioning as an intrinsic prognostic indicator. Its recognition reinforces Ayurveda’s epistemological emphasis on early detection, stage-specific intervention, and preservation of physiological integrity prior to structural disease expression.
Angeline R. Buendia, Maria Victoria Olaguer, Mayrelden C. Collantes
Online reference services play an important role in enhancing students' access to reliable academic resources. This study aimed to assess the awareness of online reference services and their impact on students' information literacy at the Bicol College Main Library. Specifically, the study evaluated the library's current status in terms of availability of online reference, library infrastructure, service utilization, and promotion of online services and awareness. It also determined the level of students' awareness and literacy skills in navigational abilities, database familiarity, information retrieval, and technological proficiency. Students demonstrated a "Less Aware" level of proficiency across all variables, which highlights significant gaps in digital literacy. The primary challenges identified included insufficient training, inadequate communication, limited access, and lack of integration into the curriculum. Based on these findings, an action plan was developed focusing on training programs, improved communication strategies, enhanced technological infrastructure, and curriculum integration of online reference services. There were recommendations given, which include workshops to address digital literacy gaps, upgrading of library resources, and strengthening collaboration between library staff and faculty to maximize the use of online tools. The researcher also recommends future studies that could explore the long-term impact of these services on academic performance and evaluate the effectiveness of implemented strategies.
Dr. Pushpa Singh
Awareness of any subject causes may be lifestyle disorders and imbalance. In which Disorders that are associated with the lifestyle of an individual or the way of living are known as lifestyle disorders. Lifestyle disorders are ailments that are primarily based on the day to day habits. Also termed as non communicable diseases (NCDs) as they do not transmit from one person to another when diagnosed. The major causes for dealing with Non- Communicable Disease are poor dietary intake, eating junk food, lack of physical activities, sleep variations, chronic stress, undesirable behavior, addictions of different types. To know the lifestyle disorders among college students of Chhattisgarh is the objectives of the studies. This study has adopted descriptive cross sectional and primary data based research design. A purposive sampling technique was utilized to select a subset of 150 individuals from various stream youngsters students. Data collection has been done online on a platform of Google Form shared by Massaging, mailing, and scanning code from selected government colleges of Janjgir- Champa District of Chhattisgarh. Percentage technique has been used to analysis for data. Finding of the studies that major students was found such type of lack of awareness and disorders causes of irregular lifestyle habits. Lifestyle disorders are preventable if the proper balanced nutrition diet would be followed.
Dr. Jajbir Singh
Chronic lifestyle disorders such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, and stress-related conditions represent a major global health burden in the twenty-first century. These conditions arise from complex interactions between behavioral, metabolic, psychological, and environmental factors. Contemporary biomedical management often emphasizes pharmacological control and symptomatic relief, frequently overlooking preventive, individualized, and psychosocial dimensions of health. Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine of India, offers a comprehensive and integrative approach that addresses the root causes of lifestyle disorders through personalized diagnosis, dietary regulation, lifestyle modification, detoxification therapies, herbal formulations, and mind–body interventions. The present article critically examines the role of Ayurvedic management in chronic lifestyle disorders, integrating classical Ayurvedic principles with emerging scientific evidence. A detailed chronological review of literature, conceptual methodology, outcome-based analysis, and future research directions are presented. The article highlights Ayurveda’s relevance in preventive healthcare, integrative medicine, and sustainable global health systems, positioning it as a viable, evidence-informed framework for addressing contemporary lifestyle-related morbidity.
Dr. Jajbir Singh
Chronic lifestyle disorders such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, and stress-related conditions represent a major global health burden in the twenty-first century. These conditions arise from complex interactions between behavioral, metabolic, psychological, and environmental factors. Contemporary biomedical management often emphasizes pharmacological control and symptomatic relief, frequently overlooking preventive, individualized, and psychosocial dimensions of health. Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine of India, offers a comprehensive and integrative approach that addresses the root causes of lifestyle disorders through personalized diagnosis, dietary regulation, lifestyle modification, detoxification therapies, herbal formulations, and mind–body interventions. The present article critically examines the role of Ayurvedic management in chronic lifestyle disorders, integrating classical Ayurvedic principles with emerging scientific evidence. A detailed chronological review of literature, conceptual methodology, outcome-based analysis, and future research directions are presented. The article highlights Ayurveda’s relevance in preventive healthcare, integrative medicine, and sustainable global health systems, positioning it as a viable, evidence-informed framework for addressing contemporary lifestyle-related morbidity.
Godwin E. Ogbiri, Kugbere Emumejaye, Peter E. Biere, Tolulope O. Aluko
Crude oil operations in Ikarama, Bayelsa State, have sparked worries about ionizing radiation's potential health implications. This study evaluated background ionizing radiation (BIR) levels to gauge the impact of oil pollution on the environment and human health. The study area was divided into four to ensure even sampling point. Using a RadAlert device, measurements of BIR were taken across Ikarama. The BIR, absorbed dose, Annual Effective Dose Equivalent, and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ranges of (0.007 – 0.024) mR/h, (56.5 – 204.5) nGy/h, (0.069 – 0.251) mSv/y, and (0.009 – 0.308) x 10-3 respectively. Averages were 0.016 mR/h, 135.58 nGy/h, 0.166 mSv/y, and 0.198 x 10-3. The findings suggest potential health risks to inhabitants, as levels exceeded global average except the ELCR. The study recommends regular monitoring of radiation levels and further research to determine the extent of crude oil pollution on the environment and human health in the area.
Augustine Onyema Nwabuoku, Charles Emeka Oduah, Ehis Edwin Amiegbereta, Famous Akpojotor
This baseline survey assesses TENORM/NORM and background ionizing radiation at Seplat Energy facilities in Nigeria. Soil activity concentrations of 238U, 266Ra, 238U and 40K in Seplat West often exceeded UNSCEAR (2000) world averages (35 BqKg-1 for 238U and 226Ra, 30 BqKg-1 for 232Th, 400 BqKg-1 for 40K), with ranges including 3.30±0.2 to 61.03±3.08 BqKg-1 for 238U, 7.62±0.45 to 80.25±3.41 BqKg-1 for 226Ra, 0.28±0.03 to 92.07±4.59 BqKg-1 for 232Th and BDL to 1772.8±91.3 BqKg-1 for 40K. In Seplat East, 238U, 226Ra and 232Th were slightly above averages, while 40K was below. Absorbed dose rates exceeded the world average of 59 nGyh-1 except for SOM at Oben and SJWL/S at Jisike. Annual effective doses exceeded 0.07 mSvy-1 except at SOM and SOHSP. Radium equivalent (Raeq) values were below 370 BqKg-1, and external, internal, and gamma indices were all less than unity. Excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) values exceeded the world average of (UNSCEAR, 2000).
Bagaloyos, Joy B., Barquilla, Manuel B., Coronado, Wenceslao A, Dadole, Ringo R., Duyaguit, Ma. Cristina L, Mariquit, Claire Joy G, Nabua, Edna B., Paňares, Nick C, Salic, Monera H.
Critical thinking is a core competency emphasized in senior high school science education. However, its relationship with academic performance remains inconclusive in local contexts. This study examined the levels of critical thinking skills and Biology achievement among STEM senior high school learners and determined the relationship between these two variables. This quantitative study used researcher-modified test and survey questionnaires and were participated by 269 senior high school learners from both public and private schools. Results showed that only 13% of learners demonstrated high levels of critical thinking skills, while the majority were classified as average (43%) or low (43%), indicating limited higher-order reasoning proficiency among most learners. In terms of Biology achievement, most students performed at a Satisfactory level (59.90%), followed by Very Satisfactory (19.00%), with only a minimal proportion attaining Outstanding performance (0.40%). A notable 20.80% of learners did not meet academic expectations. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis revealed a very weak and non-significant relationship between critical thinking skills and Biology achievement (r = 0.058, p = 0.342), suggesting that critical thinking did not significantly predict academic performance in General Biology 2. The findings imply that Biology achievement may be more strongly influenced by instructional practices, assessment methods, and contextual factors than by critical thinking skills alone. The study underscores the need to align teaching strategies and assessment practices with curriculum goals to ensure that the development of critical thinking is meaningfully reflected in academic outcomes among learners.
Bagaloyos, Joy B., Barquilla, Manuel B., Coronado, Wenceslao A., Dadole, Ringo R., Duyaguit, Ma. Cristina L., Mariquit, Claire Joy G., Nabua, Edna B., Paňares, Nick C., Salic, Monera H.
Critical thinking is a core competency emphasized in senior high school science education. However, its relationship with academic performance remains inconclusive in local contexts. This study examined the levels of critical thinking skills and Biology achievement among STEM senior high school learners and determined the relationship between these two variables. This quantitative study used researcher-modified test and survey questionnaires and were participated by 269 senior high school learners from both public and private schools. Results showed that only 13% of learners demonstrated high levels of critical thinking skills, while the majority were classified as average (43%) or low (43%), indicating limited higher-order reasoning proficiency among most learners. In terms of Biology achievement, most students performed at a Satisfactory level (59.90%), followed by Very Satisfactory (19.00%), with only a minimal proportion attaining Outstanding performance (0.40%). A notable 20.80% of learners did not meet academic expectations. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis revealed a very weak and non-significant relationship between critical thinking skills and Biology achievement (r = 0.058, p = 0.342), suggesting that critical thinking did not significantly predict academic performance in General Biology 2. The findings imply that Biology achievement may be more strongly influenced by instructional practices, assessment methods, and contextual factors than by critical thinking skills alone. The study underscores the need to align teaching strategies and assessment practices with curriculum goals to ensure that the development of critical thinking is meaningfully reflected in academic outcomes among learners.
Dwight Baines Camposano, Engr. Bernard C. Fabro, Judemar Silmar, Luisito Bernardo, Lynard Espiritu, Steve Villa
This project presents the design and implementation of a BBB (BoomboomBalancinoBot) gyro-stabilized straight-line mobile robot that demonstrates the core principles of feedback and control systems using low-cost embedded hardware. The system uses an ESP32-C3 microcontroller, an MPU6050 inertial sensor, and a TB6612FNG motor driver to control a two-wheel differential-drive robot with a rear caster wheel. The robot estimates its yaw (heading) by integrating the MPU6050’s gyroscope Z-axis readings, then applies a closed-loop PID controller to minimize heading error by adjusting left and right motor speeds. A web-based interface allows users to command motion and switch between open-loop (feedback OFF) and closed-loop (feedback ON) operation, enabling clear demonstration of drift versus automatic correction under disturbances such as wheel slip or external pushing. The project highlights how real-time sensor feedback improves stability and accuracy in mobile robot navigation, closely relating to heading-hold control used in autopilot and course-keeping systems.
Ishita Mistry, Rupali Sengupta
Breakfast plays a crucial role in supporting overall physical and mental functioning. Regular breakfast consumption is associated with improved alertness, concentration, and healthier dietary patterns. Breakfast consumption patterns influence nutritional intake among young adults; however, evidence focusing on Indian female college students remains limited. This study assessed breakfast consumption patterns, dietary diversity at breakfast, and the association between breakfast frequency and dietary diversity among undergraduate female students in Mumbai, Maharashtra. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 females aged 18–22 years using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Breakfast Survey Questionnaire and a Breakfast Food Frequency Questionnaire, with dietary diversity assessed according to Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) food group classification. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation analysis were performed using SPSS software, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. More than half of the participants reported regular breakfast consumption, with lack of time identified as the most common reason for skipping breakfast. Most participants consumed breakfast at home and preferred foods that were quick and easy to prepare. Although a high dietary diversity score at breakfast was observed among the majority of participants, breakfast frequency showed only a weak and non-significant association with dietary diversity. The findings emphasize the need for nutrition education interventions that promote consistent breakfast consumption along with balanced inclusion of diverse food groups among young women
Abraham, Atakpa Daniel Akoh, Chinanuife, Emmanuel, Idoko Eleojo Jeremiah, Inegbenehi Augustine Paul, Yakubu Suleiman
Globally, countries have adopted budget deficit as a means of improving the economy. However, the concern of many Nigerians as regard to budget deficit is on whether the upsurge of Budget deficit has contributed to the growth of Nigeria economy. This study examines budget deficit and economic growth: an empirical analysis of the real sectors’ performance in Nigeria. The objectives were to examine the effect of budget deficit on the agricultural sector, the industrial sector and the service sector contribution to economic growth. The study applied Generalised Method of Moment (GMM)model on secondary data from the period of 1981 to 2023 and the lags of the dependent variable were used as instruments. Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test was used to ensure the stationarity of the variables and bound test approach was used to ensure the existence of long run association among the variables in the model. The findings revealed that budget deficit crowds-out agricultural, industrial and service contributions to economic growth in the short run while in the long run, budget deficit crowds-out agricultural and service sectors contribution to economic growth. Also, the study shows that external debt crowds-in agricultural, industrial and service sectors contribution to economic growth in the long run. The institutional quality variable included shows that increase in corruption index increases industrial contribution to economic growth only in the long run. Exchange rate depreciation was found to favour industrial sector contribution to economic growth. The study therefore recommends that should endeavour to reduce budget deficit and whenever budget deficit occurs, measures should be adopted to cushion the short run effect of budget deficit on agricultural, industrial and service sector contribution to economic growth.
Dr. G. Chandrasekaran, Mrs. S. Priyanka
The textile sector remains a cornerstone of India's export economy, yet exporters face significant challenges in accessing government export promotion schemes designed to enhance competitiveness. This article examines key schemes including RoSCTL, RoDTEP, and PLI for textiles, analyzing awareness levels and implementation barriers through basic statistical analysis of a hypothetical survey of 60 textile firms. Findings reveal high awareness of established schemes (90% for RoSCTL) but lower utilization of newer programs (20% for PLI), with small firms reporting greater complexity in documentation and procedures. Mean awareness scores show a clear gradient across schemes, while cross-tabulations highlight firm-size disparities in information access. Major challenges include administrative complexity, delayed claim processing, and inadequate outreach to MSMEs. Policy recommendations emphasize simplified guidelines, targeted awareness campaigns through trade associations, and digital helpdesks to bridge information gaps and maximize scheme effectiveness.
Lolita A. Dulay, Lorena Mortel Amatiaga
Hands-on learning is essential for effective science education, enabling students to engage directly with concepts through experimentation, observation, and inquiry. However, many basic education classrooms prioritize lecture-based instruction, hindering deeper understanding and critical thinking due to teachers' limited preparation in facilitating experiential activities. This qualitative descriptive study examines the impact of inadequate teacher training on implementing hands-on science lessons among science teachers at Halapitan National High School. Data were gathered via semi-structured interviews with these teachers, classroom observations, and reviews of lesson plans and training records. Findings indicate that undertrained teachers exhibit low confidence in conducting experiments, struggle with classroom management, and face challenges adapting to resource limitations, resulting in infrequent use of hands-on strategies and underdeveloped inquiry-based learning. Resource constraints exacerbate these issues, diminishing lesson quality and frequency. The study underscores the urgency of enhancing pre-service and in-service training with practical, skills-based components to boost teacher competence, foster student curiosity, engagement, and scientific literacy.
Hanifah Jambari, Jamilah Ahmad, Lokman Mohd Tahir, Nur Hazirah Noh@Seth, Roslizam Hassan, Sharifah Osman, Tan Joo Siang
Teacher leadership is widely acknowledged as a critical enabler of inclusive education, particularly in classrooms that require close collaboration between mainstream and special education teachers (Wenner & Campbell, 2017; Harris, 2020). Despite policy support for inclusive education in Malaysia, teachers continue to encounter significant challenges when enacting leadership roles within inclusive classroom settings (Salleh & Woollard, 2019). This qualitative case study examines the challenges faced by teachers in practising leadership in inclusive education contexts in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Guided by Katzenmeyer and Moller’s Teacher Leadership Model, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations involving six experienced teachers from two public schools. Thematic analysis identified five interrelated categories of challenges: limited leadership preparation, role ambiguity and professional boundaries, constraints on autonomy, structural and time-related barriers, and communication and collaboration tensions. The findings reveal that teacher leadership in inclusive education is often constrained by systemic and cultural factors rather than a lack of commitment among teachers. The study contributes empirical insights into the complexities of teacher leadership in inclusive classrooms and highlights the need for targeted professional development, organisational support, and policy alignment to strengthen inclusive education practices.
Dr Tafara Marazi
The study of marriage and weddings in Africa today necessitates a multidimensional approach that considers historical antecedents, cultural diversity, economic influence, legal frameworks, and the impact of global cultural flows. With Africa housing over 3,000 distinct ethnic groups and languages, marital practices are far from being homogenous. They are deeply embedded in specific social, ethnic, and religious traditions (Isiugo-Abanihe, 2020; Nwoye, 2019). There is growing evidence of convergence toward shared practices influenced by postmodernism and digital culture (Alhassan & Kwakwa, 2023). The article explores these dimensions in depth, examining how African societies are negotiating the evolving meanings and functions of marriage and weddings in the 21st century. The article begins by offering a historical overview of African marital traditions, then systematically unpacks the cultural, religious, economic, legal, and technological dimensions that shape marriage and wedding practices across different African regions in the 21st century. The article draws on recent scholarly literature and case studies to demonstrate both persistent cultural tenets and emerging transformations.
Paul Ndunelo
The use of tobacco products is a significant health issue in the world, and it is a leading cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality. Social, psychological and environmental factors have all been found to play a role in cigarette smoking among young adults, especially among the university students. The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of cigarette smoking and the level of knowledge and awareness of health risks caused by tobacco use among the state university students. This study adopts a descriptive cross-sectional, and the target population is undergraduate and postgraduate students. Cochran formula is used to calculate the sample size and participants were selected using a multi-stage method of sampling. A structured questionnaire is use for data collection via online social media channels like WhatsApp and Facebook via Google forms. The questionnaire is use to obtain data on socio-demographics, smoking behaviour and health risk awareness. SPSS is use to analyze data, and descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics were applied where necessary. This research indicate that 76% of the total number of students had smoked at some point, half were now regular smokers, and 64 percent of the sample smoked socially. Knowledge regarding key health risks was mostly good, with 84% having heard of lung cancer and 78% having heard of heart disease as effects of tobacco consumption. The reproductive health effect awareness was moderate (66%), with awareness of second-hand smoke and shortened life expectancy being high. Finally, cigarette Experimentation and social smoking is widespread among university students, in spite of the fact they are usually well informed about the dangers. These outcomes demonstrate the necessity of a multidimensional health education, campus-wide cessation programmes, and a stringent policy implementation to decrease the prevalence of smoking and to make university environments healthier.
Farhaana M. Faiz, Rinante L. Genuba
The study employed SEM to examine the interconnections between civic participation, attitudes towards gender roles, public leadership behaviors, and the disaster resilience of 400 BDRRM responders. The findings indicated that the respondents exhibit a high level of civic engagement, especially in proactive attitudes and behaviors that foster disaster preparedness and community participation. Respondents exhibit moderate attitudes towards gender roles, supporting egalitarian principles while remaining influenced by traditional and culturally rooted perspectives. People rated public leadership behaviors highly, with ethical leadership and network governance being the most important areas. This means that in disaster situations, accountability, inclusiveness, and collaborative governance are very important. Disaster resilience is also high, with knowledge being the most important sign. Correlation and regression analyses demonstrated that both civic engagement and public leadership behaviors significantly affect disaster resilience; however, public leadership emerged as the most robust predictor across tested models (β = 0.641, p < 0.001), followed by civic engagement (β = 0.124, p < 0.05). Gender role attitudes do not directly exert a significant influence on resilience (β = 0.012, p = 0.741); however, they indirectly enhance resilience by fostering inclusiveness and responsiveness in disaster response. Model 3 provided the best fit among the tested models, indicating that leadership, civic participation, and gender inclusivity work together to increase people's resilience in disasters. These results show that communities need institutionalized leadership training, stronger civic engagement, and policies that account for gender to remain strong and adaptable.
Abdul Rahman Safian, Chamil Arkhasa Nikko Mazlan, Li Wei
This article examines the Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning framework, detailing its historical development and theoretical underpinnings. It elucidates the core components of CER and provides practical guidance on its application in crafting robust arguments within dissertations and theses, particularly within the domain of music education research. The utility of CER extends beyond this specific field, demonstrating its broad applicability across various disciplines for enhancing argumentative clarity and rigor. This framework, adapted from Toulmin’s model of argumentation, provides a structured approach for students to construct scientific explanations and justify their claims based on empirical data and logical inferences. Specifically, the Claim, Evidence, Reasoning model, developed by McNeill and Krajcik, simplifies Toulmin's more complex argumentation model to make it more accessible for science education contexts, enabling students to articulate not just what occurred, but also the underlying reasons. This pedagogical framework fosters critical thinking by guiding students to substantiate assertions with empirical data and sound justification. By requiring students to evaluate evidence for ill-defined or complex problems rather than simply confirming theories, CER promotes a deeper engagement with scientific inquiry and argumentation. This approach not only aids in structuring scientific explanations but also encourages students to link these components coherently, ensuring that evidence supports the claim and reasoning connects the evidence to that claim.
Li Chen, Tajul Rosli Bin Shuib
This study presents a systematic review of empirical research on Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in EFL contexts, with the aim of examining how CLT is implemented in classroom settings, how it influences students’ language proficiency, and what contextual challenges shape its effectiveness. The review followed the PRISMA 2020 framework and included studies published between 2015 and 2025 that were retrieved from Scopus and Google Scholar using combinations of keywords related to CLT, EFL classrooms, instructional effectiveness, implementation challenges, and language proficiency development. The selection process involved title–abstract screening and full-text eligibility assessment based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 18 empirical studies retained from an initial pool of 309 records. The included studies were further classified by thematic focus, research method, and research location, and three key thematic areas were identified: (1) pedagogical effectiveness, (2) impact on students’ English proficiency, and (3) implementation challenges. The findings indicate that CLT promotes interaction-oriented instruction and contributes positively to students’ communicative competence, particularly in speaking, listening, and classroom engagement, while evidence for grammar, reading, and writing development remains less consistent due to variation in instructional design and assessment emphasis across studies. The review also shows that implementation outcomes are strongly influenced by contextual constraints such as limited teacher training, mixed-ability classes, large enrollments, restricted instructional time, and exam-driven curricula. Overall, the findings suggest that CLT remains a valuable pedagogical approach in EFL contexts, and its effectiveness depends on appropriate implementation and alignment between instructional practices and learners’ proficiency levels and classroom realities.
Dr. Nilesh T. Waghmare
This study analyses how subliminal advertising affects customer behaviour by examining the psychological impacts on attitudes and purchase decisions. Through hidden messages in print, television, and online media, subliminal advertising quietly reaches the subconscious. The study examines the impact of subliminal cues on decision-making, customer preferences, and brand loyalty across a range of demographic groups. Although its overall impact is like that of general advertising, a survey with 100–120 respondents found that subliminal advertising does affect behaviour, particularly among younger people. The study emphasizes the value of openness in marketing and the moral ramifications of employing subliminal tactics. Marketing professionals are advised to align their techniques with ethical standards and keep researching the long-term impacts of these tactics on consumer trust and behaviour.
Adeniran, Surprise Abosede, Akintayo, Samson Olukunle., Oluwole, David Adebayo., Osundiran, Toluwanimi Esther.
Suicide ideation among students in all various institution of learning has become a pressing public health and social concern in the society, with its adverse effects spreading across academic, psychological and social dimensions. In particular, secondary school students are increasingly exposed to environments and pressures that make them vulnerable to suicide ideation. These include substance abuse, parental negligence and peer pressure. Therefore, this study examines substance abuse, parental negligence, and peer pressure as correlates of suicide ideation among secondary school students. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design of correlational type. A total of 250 secondary school students were selected from 10 schools in Ibadan, Oyo State using simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires consisting of demographic information and sections which are scales on suicide ideation, substance abuse, parental negligence, and peer pressure. Three research questions were answered using Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis at 0.05 level of significant. The findings of the study showed that peer influence substance abuse; r(248)=.522, p<0.05), peer pressure; r(248)=.476, p<0.05) and parental negligence; r(248)=.461, p<0.05) had significant relationship to suicide ideation among secondary school students. The independent variables jointly accounted for 46.9% variance indicating suicide ideation among students. Also, substance abuse β = 0.37, at t = 5.83, p<0.05, peer pressure β = 0.31, t = 5.29, p<0.05 and parental negligence β = 0.29, t = 5.00, p<0.05 had significant relative contribution to suicide ideation among secondary school students. It was recommended among others that parents should build emotional bonds with their children and maintain open communication while Government agencies and educational stakeholders should organize community-based sensitization on suicide ideation among adolescents.
Bartholomew Chike Ordunze, Josiah C. Abara, Joy Ifeoma Emeodi, Precious C. Uzoma, Uchechukwu Vincent Okpala
The interaction between atmospheric turbidity and water turbidity is an important factor in meteorology, climatology, limnology, and oceanography, with important applications in air and water pollution monitoring. Understanding their correlation provides insights into coupled atmosphere–hydrosphere processes affecting coastal environments. This study examined the seasonal and inter annual correlation between atmospheric turbidity, expressed by the Linke turbidity factor (TL), and water turbidity at two coastal stations in Lagos, Nigeria. Three years of data (October 2007–September 2010) were analyzed for NIOMR Jetty and Victoria Beach. Water turbidity was compared against atmospheric turbidity indices for both wet and dry seasons. The correlation results between atmospheric turbidity and water turbidity for Victoria Beach Section, and NIOMR Jetty revealed distinct seasonal and spatial variations. During the dry season, the correlation coefficients for Victoria Beach Section (–0.137, –0.66 and –0.803), indicated moderate to strong negative correlations, suggesting that as atmospheric turbidity increased, water turbidity decreased. For the NIOMR Jetty, the correlation coefficients (–0.44, –0.68 and 0.032) showed predominantly negative to negligible relationships, indicating that variations in atmospheric turbidity have little consistent effect on water turbidity during the dry period. During the wet season, the correlation coefficients for Victoria Beach Section (0.661 ,0.46 and–0.19) and NIOMR Jetty (0.688, –0.18 and 0.51) reveal mostly moderate positive correlations, suggesting that increased atmospheric turbidity corresponds with increased water turbidity, likely due to rainfall-induced run off and sediment loading. Finally, the findings indicated that the relationship between atmospheric and water turbidity was negative during the dry season and positive during the wet season; highlighting the role of rainfall, surface runoff, and suspended particle transport. Correlations were generally stronger in the wet season, with July showing the highest association, indicating that rainfall-driven runoff, and particulate loading jointly influenced atmospheric scattering, and water-column clarity. Seasonal variability in turbidity has significant implications for aquatic ecology, primary productivity, and recreational water use. Integrating atmospheric and hydrological parameters into monitoring frameworks can enhance pollution control, and sustainable coastal management strategies.
Roilingel P. Calilung
This study explores the environmental wellness of librarians as part of a broader initiative to create a sustainable and eco-friendly workplace. Building on a previous wellness program designed for university library staff, this research specifically focuses on how librarians perceive and engage in environmental practices within their work setting. Through the use of a wellness assessment tool, the study identified existing habits and attitudes toward sustainability, revealing moderate engagement with eco-friendly behaviors. Based on these findings, a targeted environmental wellness program was developed, which includes sustainability initiatives, the formation of a Green Team, and nature-based activities to support both ecological responsibility and staff well-being. The study underscores the importance of integrating environmental wellness into institutional culture to enhance librarians' overall health and workplace satisfaction.
Esang Lazarus Esitikot, Felicia Cletus Akpan, Itohowo Emmanuel, Utibe Amos Ofon, Victoria Isaiah Tom
Petrol (gasoline) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) filling stations are high-risk facilities due to the storage and handling of flammable liquids and pressurized gases in environments with frequent human activity. This study assessed fire safety awareness, emergency preparedness, and compliance among petrol and LPG filling station operators in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was adopted, involving 100 respondents (50 petrol and 50 LPG operators) selected through simple random sampling across the three senatorial districts of the state. Data were collected using a structured Knowledge–Attitude–Practice (KAP)–based fire safety questionnaire and a fire safety observation checklist. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were employed. Findings revealed high awareness of inherent fire hazards in both petrol (100%) and LPG (94%) stations; however, this awareness did not translate into adequate emergency preparedness. Major gaps were identified in formal fire safety training, staffing adequacy, confidence in evacuation, knowledge of emergency contacts, routine fire drills, and understanding of emergency response procedures. Although fire extinguishers were widely available and accessible in both facility types (82%), operational knowledge, routine inspection, and maintenance were poor. LPG stations demonstrated slightly better training and procedural awareness than petrol stations, but compliance remained suboptimal across both sectors. Positive correlations among personnel factors, equipment management, and fire procedures indicate that fire safety performance is systemic rather than isolated. The study concluded that fire safety awareness in petrol and LPG filling stations in Akwa Ibom State is uneven and insufficient to ensure effective fire risk management. Targeted regulatory enforcement, mandatory training, routine fire drills, and strengthened safety culture are recommended to reduce fire and explosion risks and enhance safety in and around petrol and LPG filing stations.
Dr Josheena Jose, Dr. Elizabeth Paul Chakkachamparambil
This study examines the impact of culture shock on job satisfaction among IT employees in South India and investigates the mediating role of emotional labour. The results indicate that culture shock has a positive influence on emotional labour and a negative impact on job satisfaction. Emotional labour also exerts a significant negative effect on job satisfaction. Mediation analysis confirmed that emotional labour partially mediates the relationship between culture shock and job satisfaction. The findings highlight that cultural dissonance directly diminishes employee satisfaction and indirectly erodes it through the demands of emotional regulation. The study emphasizes the significance of HR interventions, including structured onboarding, mentorship, resilience-building programs, and inclusive policies, in mitigating the negative effects of culture shock and enhancing employee satisfaction and retention in IT organizations. By shifting the focus from expatriates and international students to domestic IT professionals, this study extends existing culture shock literature and empirically validates emotional labour as a mediating mechanism in workplace adjustment within the Indian IT sector.
Elvis Ekane Ngalle
Sub-Saharan Africa is entering accelerated motorization, with urban populations projected to double by 2050, making transport a pivotal yet understudied climate mitigation sector. Cameroon exemplifies the challenges: urbanization exceeding 3.5% annually, a fleet of imported second-hand vehicles averaging over 15 years old, and informal paratransit handling 70–80% of urban motorized trips. Despite the 2021 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC's) emissions reduction pledges, transport implementation lags due to governance silos and political-economic lock-ins. Employing socio-technical transitions theory and qualitative policy analysis, triangulating NDCs, development strategies, urban mobility plans, and international reports, this study identifies three barriers: (i) used vehicle import politics, where duties and broker networks sustain carbon-intensive fleets; (ii) fragmentation between environment and transport/urban ministries, yielding road-biased investments; and (iii) colonial-rooted urban forms favouring vehicle dependence. The NDC overlooks paratransit's regime centrality. Rejecting capital-heavy leapfrogging, the article advances incremental decarbonisation for lowincome contexts: paratransit cooperatives enabling fleet renewal; landuse integration shortening trips; phased import/scrappage reforms; electric two-wheelers for high-use segments. A National Transport Authority and international finance would operationalize this. Cameroon's case illuminates pathways for Global South cities, where aligning climate policy with informal mobility realities is essential.
Dr. Kiruba Nesamalar E, Surya S
Deep Learning-Based Plant Identification Using Mobile Net and Res Net for identifying medicinal plants. Bohera, Devilback bone, Haritoki, Lemongrass, Nayontara, Neem, Pathaorkuchi, Thankuni, Tulsi, and Zenora are the ten classes of medicinal plants that make up the dataset. In order to improve model generalization, ImageDataGenerator is used for image preprocessing and augmentation. The Adam optimizer is used to optimize both models after they have been compiled with categorical cross-entropy loss. Accuracy measurement is part of performance evaluation, and it is shown using bar charts and graphs. While both MobileNetV2 and ResNet50 achieve high accuracy, a comparison of the two models shows that MobileNetV2's lightweight architecture makes it more effective for real-time applications. The web-based interface of the system was created with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Users can upload images to the frontend, and the Flask-implemented backend processes the image and returns the predicted medicinal plant class and confidence score. Through smooth user interaction made possible by this integration, medicinal plant identification is now quick and easy. By automating plant identification, this research provides a useful tool for conservation, agriculture, and healthcare. The suggested system offers a precise and effective way to identify medicinal plants by utilizing deep learning. Future research can look into improving model robustness and incorporating more plant species.
AKWA, Elijah Nse., AKWA, Enobong Elijah
Leadership is an essential factor for the progress of any organisation. It has gained the attention of researchers worldwide. It be perceived to have an overarching impact on the achievement of organizational objectives, policies, programmes and strategic plans. The leadership style adopted by the leader is of great significance to the overall growth and productivity of staff. This study seeks to determine the relationship between Autocratic and Democratic leadership style and staff productivity in University Libraries in South-South geo-political zone of Nigeria. The population of the study consist of 358 library staff that are working in Federal University libraries in South-South, Nigeria in the 2025/2026 Academic session. A purposive sampling technique was used and data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire. Data obtained was analysed using PPMC. The findings of the study revealed that democratic leadership style promotes and increases staff productivity in Federal University libraries in South-South, Nigeria. The findings also revealed that librarian autocratic leadership style has a weak significant relationship with staff productivity. The study concluded that democratic leadership style adopted by librarians motivates staff to put in their best to achieve set goals in Federal universities in South-South Nigeria, while autocratic leadership style adopted decreases staff productivity.
Ekom Kuyak Udofia, Michael Effiong Ukpong
The paper interrogated the impacts of democratic governance on food security in Nigeria using Akwa Ibom State as a case study. The identified problems of the research which the study set out to address were the adoption of modern farming methods; coupled with inefficient utilization of budgeted funds. Relevant literature was exhaustively reviewed and the Structural Functional Theory by Gabriel Almond, James Coleman and William Mitchell (1960 and 1968) as well as System Theory by David Easton (1953) were adopted as theoretical guide. Survey research design was used in the work, and this was contingent upon the fact that this approach enabled the researcher to collect detailed information which described the phenomena. The major instrument for data collection was likert scale structured questionnaire which was administered by the researcher. Three Hundred and two (302) copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the respondents, of which Two Hundred and Ninety-Five (295) were retrieved and used for data analysis. Research hypotheses were tested at 0.5 level of significance using Chi-square distribution (X2). The result showed that there is a significant relationship between democratic governance and food security, there is significant relationship between adoption of modern farming methods and food security and inefficient utilization of budgeted funds tends to affect food security. Based on the findings, recommendations were made, among which were: a more sustained process of democratization be put in place to create a friendly agricultural productivity environment to boost food security. Policy makers should include food as a component of welfarism and as such should develop political will to achieve increased food production, evolve sound food policies in order to attain food security. Budgetary provision for the agricultural sector should be augmented so that there will be enough fund to develop the sector. Also, there should be mechanisms to monitor funds appropriated for the sector.
Janani A.M, Karunya C
Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune skin condition characterized by an overgrowth of skin cells and widespread inflammation throughout the body. According to Siddha medicine, psoriasis is viewed as a result of imbalances in Aiyam (Kabam), which leads to disturbances in Mukkutram (Vatham, Pitham, Kabam). This article delves into the connection between Aiyam malfunction and immune system irregularities, shedding light on Siddha pathophysiology, diagnostic indicators, and comprehensive healing methods aimed at reinstating Niraivu Nilai (homeostasis).
Chenesa A. Tiboso, Dwight Baines F. Camposano, Kenneth George L. Malejana, Lawrence Airan V. Fajardo, Mark Reagan Fhae D. Reyes, Minerva C. Zoleta
Bicycle theft remains a significant concern in urban and academic environments, creating a demand for reliable and intelligent security solutions. This study presents the design and development of an RFID-Based Anti-Theft Bicycle Lock system that integrates electronic authentication, motion and vibration detection, alarm mechanisms, SMS notification, and Tile-based tracking. The system is built around an Arduino Nano microcontroller, utilizing an RFID RC522 module for secure access verification, an MPU-6050 sensor for detecting unauthorized movement, and a solenoid lock for physical locking control. Visual and audible alerts are provided through an RGB LED and an active buzzer, while real-time SMS notifications are delivered to the bicycle owner using a SIM800L GSM module. In the event of unauthorized access or suspicious movement, the Tile tracker allows the bicycle to be located through a smartphone application.
Aljon Rhyan C. Tello, Christian E. Ladislao, Engr. Bernard C. Fabro, Herjed Flores, Jarold Jan G. Silverio, Rodwil James L. Domingo
Fire hazards continue to pose serious risks to human life and property, particularly in residential settings where immediate detection and response are crucial. This study presents the design and development of an Arduino Nano–based automated fire and gas detection system integrated with a water sprinkler mechanism. The system utilizes an MQ-2 gas and smoke sensor together with a KY-026 flame sensor to continuously monitor environmental conditions and identify potential fire-related threats. When elevated gas or smoke levels are detected, the system generates early warning signals through slow visual and audible alerts using a red LED and a passive buzzer. In the presence of an active flame, the system prioritizes fire conditions by activating faster and more intense alarms and automatically operating a water pump to discharge water through a sprinkler for fire suppression. The system employs threshold-based decision logic and priority control within a closed-loop embedded framework to ensure accurate and timely responses. Experimental testing showed that the prototype reliably detected gas, smoke, and flame conditions and responded appropriately in real time. Due to its low cost, simple design, and expandability, the proposed system is suitable for educational purposes, prototype fire safety demonstrations, and small-scale residential applications.
Carl Danielle C. Andante, Engr. Bernard C. Fabro, Janine P. Natalia, Kyla Marie G. Septimo, Selwyn James S. Jimenez
This paper presents the design and implementation of an autonomous mobile robot capable of navigating unknown environments through maze-solving algorithms and dynamic obstacle avoidance. The primary objective is to engineer a low-cost Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) that integrates environmental perception with real-time decision-making. The system architecture utilizes a differential drive chassis configuration, driven by two DC gear motors. Unlike servo-steering systems, directional control is achieved by varying the speed and direction of the independent rear motors (skid-steering). The central processing unit, an Arduino Nano, interfaces with a distributed sensor array consisting of three downward-facing infrared (IR) sensors for path tracking and one forward-facing IR sensor for collision prevention. The control software implements the "Left-Hand Rule" algorithm for traversing simply connected mazes and a "Smart Avoidance" subroutine that enables the robot to autonomously reroute when facing physical obstructions. Additionally, the system incorporates a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) utilizing an I2C-enabled Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and LED indicators to provide diagnostic feedback during operation.
Adah Patrick Eneojo, Adah William Arome, Dr Emmanuel Bola Jonah K, Dr Hadiya Ismail, Fatimat Mohammed, Odaudu Deborah Anewn, Olorunmaiye Theophilus
Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) is a systems-based, Kaizen-inspired approach that strengthens Primary Health Care (PHC) through iterative Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles, routine data use, and stakeholder engagement. In Kogi State, Nigeria, a cross-sectional mixed-methods assessment of n=96 PHC facilities applied epidemiologic and implementation science methods to identify determinant risk factors for CQI performance. Data sources included IMPACT RISS supervision reports, DHIS2 extracts, and program documents (2023–2025), analyzed using chi-square tests, Pearson correlations, logistic regression, multilevel mixed-effects models, and MANOVA. Facility readiness was operationalized as a composite index of WASH, power, and cold-chain infrastructure was strongly correlated with immunization coverage (r = 0.62), and each 10-point increase in readiness raised the odds of high CQI uptake by ~35% (aOR ≈ 1.35). Cold-chain failure nearly doubled zero-dose risk (RR ≈ 1.90; aOR ≈ 1.8), functioning as a critical control point in the CQI pathway. Workforce stability, proxied by staff accommodation, was associated with a two-fold increase in CQI uptake (aOR ≈ 2.05), reinforcing its role as a sustaining factor. Process innovations such as geo-tagged supervision (aOR ≈ 1.6) and settlement-level monitoring emerged as mediators that translated readiness into improved service delivery. Environmental risk (aOR ≈ 0.70) and LGA-level clustering (ICC ≈ 0.16) moderated CQI effectiveness, highlighting the importance of context in shaping outcomes. These findings support a causal logic in which structural readiness enables process improvements, workforce stability sustains gains, and socio-ecological alignment enhances resilience. The study’s Theory of Change posits that CQI success is conditional on the interaction between readiness, process fidelity, and contextual adaptation. Translating these coefficients into program targets such as cold-chain uptime, staff retention, and geo-tagged supervision coverage can guide scalable, equity-focused CQI strategies. Institutionalizing the data-to-action loop, embedding environmental risk into microplanning, and formalizing PDSA cycles at the facility level are essential for sustaining improvements. This study offers a replicable framework for implementing Kaizen-based CQI in PHC systems across similar low-resource settings.
Hanifah Jambari, Jamilah Ahmad, Lokman Mohd Tahir, Nur Hazirah Noh@Seth, Roslizam Hassan, Sharifah Osman, Tan Joo Siang
Teacher leadership has been increasingly recognised as a critical driver of inclusive education, particularly in classrooms that require sustained collaboration between mainstream and special education teachers (Wenner & Campbell, 2017; Harris, 2020). While existing teacher leadership models provide valuable theoretical foundations, limited attention has been given to how these models operate within inclusive education contexts in non-Western settings. This study aims to develop a contextual teacher leadership framework for inclusive education in Malaysia by synthesising empirical evidence from a qualitative case study. Guided by Katzenmeyer and Moller’s Teacher Leadership Model (Katzenmeyer & Moller, 2001, 2009), data were collected through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations involving six experienced teachers from two public schools in Johor Bahru. Thematic analysis identified leadership strategies and challenges that informed the construction of a contextualised framework comprising seven leadership dimensions, enabling conditions, and implementation pathways. The proposed framework extends existing teacher leadership theory by integrating contextual constraints and practical strategies relevant to inclusive education. The study contributes a theoretically grounded and empirically informed framework that can guide professional development, school leadership practices, and inclusive education policy in Malaysia and similar contexts
Jecelyn Sanchez, Lyndon Bermoy
Improper household waste segregation remains a persistent challenge that undermines recycling efficiency and sustainable solid waste management, particularly in urban communities. This study presents the development and evaluation of SegreSmart, an AI-enabled mobile application designed to improve household waste segregation behavior through real-time waste identification and actionable disposal guidance. Guided by a design-and-development research framework, the system integrates image-based artificial intelligence, a user-centered mobile interface, and behavioral analytics to support informed segregation decisions at the point of disposal. The application was evaluated using a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design involving urban household participants over a four-week intervention period. Behavioral outcomes were assessed in terms of segregation accuracy, frequency of correct segregation, and perceived behavioral control, complemented by system usage logs and AI performance metrics. Results indicated significant improvements across all behavioral indicators following the intervention, with users demonstrating higher accuracy and consistency in waste segregation and increased confidence in waste classification decisions. The AI model achieved high classification accuracy under real-world conditions, while the human-in-the-loop design, incorporating confidence indicators and manual overrides, enhanced user trust and learning. High usability and acceptance ratings further confirmed that the application was intuitive and suitable for routine household use. Overall, the findings demonstrate that Segre Smart is a functional, usable, and data-driven mobile intervention capable of supporting positive behavioral change in household waste segregation. The study contributes empirical evidence on the effectiveness of AI-enabled mobile applications as decision-support tools for sustainable household waste management. It provides a foundation for future large-scale deployment and longitudinal evaluation.
Alicia S. Mapa, MAED, MPM
While teachers are often viewed as the primary face of academia, non-teaching personnel play an equally crucial role in the operation and stability of educational institutions, achieving successfully its goals and missions. In essence, the legal basis for the development needs of non-teaching personnel rooted from the mandate for quality education, the principles of efficient public service and effective institutional operations. This study was conducted to identify the development needs of the Divine Word College of Legazpi (DWCL) non-teaching personnel along three domain; personal, professional and research capability. An explanatory mixed-method research design was employed in conducting this study. For the quantitative phase, data were collected from a complete enumeration of the DWCL non-teaching personnel in permanent status, utilizing a modified survey questionnaire. For the qualitative phase, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted to explore their perspectives and insights with development needs, and their suggestions for the improvement and enhancement of the development needs program. The analysis of the non-teaching personnel's overall development needs consistently reveals a constant verbal interpretation of "great need" across all three key areas; personal, professional development and research capability. Though research proficiency is also identified as significant need, the lower rating implies a perceived need for more focused interventions in this particular indicator. The assessment on the perceive impact of development needs on job satisfaction and organizational commitment falls within the "high impact" verbal interpretation. This findings emphasized that provision of training do not only build competence but contributes to overall performance of employees.
Bernard C. Fabro, Chenesa A. Tiboso, Hero James P. Oligane, Lawrence Airan V. Fajardo, Regine S. Libongcogon, Ryan Christian M. Hombre, Ulrike Areta Q. Reñido
This study presents a LiDAR-based obstacle detection system for a small-scale, Bluetooth-controlled vehicle. The purpose of the system is to take precise distance measurements and to activate automatic detection and avoidance of obstacles. The integration comprises an ESP32 microcontroller, LiDAR sensor, motor driver, DC motors, LCD display, and buzzer, all governed by the Dabble mobile application. The vehicle keeps on measuring the distances and when an obstacle is within a 3 cm threshold, the forward movement is stopped and visual and auditory alerts are triggered. The testing done in a control indoor environment revealed that the system was able to detect obstacles, give precise distance readings and respond instantly with no delay all the time. The simultaneous alerts increased usability and safety. In general, the system is a dependable, user-friendly solution for small robotic vehicles and it has potential for wider applications in areas such as IoT and robotics.
Thuha Apralo
The study titled “Digital Financial awareness: Evidence from Arunachal Pradesh” aim to examine the level of awareness, accessibility, and extend of utilization of banking service among the people of the state. In recent years, the expansion of digital banking facilities and financial inclusion program has significantly increased, yet awareness and effective utilization remain uneven, especially in rural and remote areas. The research explores how socioeconomic factors such as gender, age, education and occupation influence the understanding of digital financial literacy awareness. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires from respondents across different districts of Arunachal Pradesh, while secondary data were obtained from published reports, journals, and government records. In finding, the study finds that while gender does not significantly influence digital financial literacy, socio-economic factors such as age, education, and income substantially impact the level of awareness and usage of digital financial services
Nguyen Thi Le Hang
This article examines the early formation of royal patronage of Buddhism in Vietnam from the first centuries CE through the emergence of indigenous political authority. It argues that Buddhism entered Vietnam through both maritime and overland networks, resulting in a hybrid and highly adaptable religious tradition. Rather than challenging existing power structures, early Vietnamese Buddhism integrated pragmatically with indigenous beliefs and political needs. Through gradual royal acceptance—manifested in ritual sponsorship, ethical legitimation, and institutional support—Buddhism became a key moral resource for kingship. The article demonstrates that early Vietnamese royal patronage was characterized by pragmatism, pluralism, and negotiated autonomy, producing a distinctive model of Buddhist political legitimacy that differed fundamentally from Indian and Chinese precedents. This early consolidation laid the foundations for the enduring role of Buddhism in Vietnamese political imagination and institutional life.
Dr. Sukhesh P
Higher education plays an important role in the development of a nation, as it equips individuals with the knowledge, skills, and competencies required to contribute to various sectors of the economy. However, the rising costs of higher education have made it increasingly challenging for many students and their families to afford the expenses associated with pursuing advanced degrees. This financial barrier has the potential to limit access to higher education, particularly for students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. Education loans have emerged as a crucial financial aid instrument, enabling students to overcome the financial limitations and pursue their academic aspirations. In the context of Dakshina Kannada district, which is known for its rich educational heritage and a significant number of higher educational institutions, the availability and accessibility of education loans have become increasingly important. The district boasts a diverse range of colleges and universities offering various courses in fields such as engineering, medicine, arts, commerce, and sciences. However, the high costs associated with these programs, including tuition fees, accommodation, and other expenses, can pose a significant financial burden for many families. The study reports are the findings from a survey with reference to Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. A questionnaire was administered to 30 respondents in the study area. The analysis of the findings states that the percentage mean shows that there is a significant difference (75%) in perception towards Education Loan in Higher Education. Thus, Null hypothesis has to be rejected. It is inferred that there is a significant relation among various components of Education Loan in Higher Education.
Dr. Sukhesh P
Higher education plays an important role in the development of a nation, as it equips individuals with the knowledge, skills, and competencies required to contribute to various sectors of the economy. However, the rising costs of higher education have made it increasingly challenging for many students and their families to afford the expenses associated with pursuing advanced degrees. This financial barrier has the potential to limit access to higher education, particularly for students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. Education loans have emerged as a crucial financial aid instrument, enabling students to overcome the financial limitations and pursue their academic aspirations. In the context of Dakshina Kannada district, which is known for its rich educational heritage and a significant number of higher educational institutions, the availability and accessibility of education loans have become increasingly important. The district boasts a diverse range of colleges and universities offering various courses in fields such as engineering, medicine, arts, commerce, and sciences. However, the high costs associated with these programs, including tuition fees, accommodation, and other expenses, can pose a significant financial burden for many families. The study reports are the findings from a survey with reference to Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. A questionnaire was administered to 30 respondents in the study area. The analysis of the findings states that the percentage mean shows that there is a significant difference (75%) in perception towards Education Loan in Higher Education. Thus, Null hypothesis has to be rejected. It is inferred that there is a significant relation among various components of Education Loan in Higher Education.
Dr. Asongwe Cyprian Foche
This study aims to examine educational administration and the rising incidence of students’ violent behaviours in secondary schools in Cameroon. School violence has numerous detrimental effects that prevent victims from learning adequately. Violence further makes the school environment unsafe. If school administrators are to solve this issue, they must understand this phenomenon and its implications on the educational system. This study examines the various causes of students’ violent behaviours and the role of school administrators in preventing and managing school violence. The mixed design was adopted for this study. Quantitative data was collected with the use of questionnaires. Using a purposeful sampling technique, 201 teachers were selected for the study. Documentary data was used to compliment qualitative data. Some of the causes of violent behaviours are socio-economic factors, family influences, peer pressure, media influence, and institutional factors. In order to mitigate this issue, school administrators can employ several approaches, some of which include training and professional development, policy formulation and implementation, understanding school violence, fostering a positive school climate, crisis management and response, community and parental involvement, and technology and surveillance. However, situational approaches are pertinent in addressing specific and contextual violent issues.
Dr. D. V. S. Ganapathi Raju
In recent years, increased online viewership, particularly user engagement on social media platforms has positioned educational influencers and online learning communities as significant informal learning agents in India. These platforms enhance access, motivation, and cognitive engagement through simplified and selfregulated learning formats. However, algorithm-driven echo chambers and reward-based psychological mechanisms often reinforce belief-aligned content, thereby limiting critical thinking and scientific temperament. The study concludes that while educational influencers expand reach and learner engagement, they lack the methodological rigor of formal education and therefore function as a complementary support system rather than a substitute for institutional learning in the Indian Context.
Besigye Julius
External debt plays a crucial role in financing economic development, particularly in developing countries like Rwanda. However, its effect on economic growth remains a subject of debate in Rwanda as excessive debt may lead to debt distress and hinder long-term growth. The fresearch fstudy examined the fEffect fof external fdebt fon feconomic fgrowth fin fRwanda utilizing time series data from f1990-2023. This fresearch was fdone fin forder fto fobtain frelevant finformation ftowards fthe fobjective fof fthis research study which is to fexamine fthe fpossible frelationship fbetween fexternal fdebt fand feconomic fgrowth fin fRwanda,to analyze fthe flong-term fand fshort-term f fdynamic frelationships fbetween fexternal fdebt fand feconomic growth, fto fexplore fhow fmacroeconomic fvariables, fsuch fas finflation fand fexchange frates, fmediate fthe effect fof fexternal fdebt fon fRwanda’s feconomic fgrowth. fThe fstudyfused dataf fcollected from fCentral bank, fNational finstitute fof fstatistics fof fRwanda ,,Ministry of Finance and Economics and world Data Bank for a fperiod fof f33 fyears fstarting ffrom f f1990-2023.The study employed an econometrice model especially SVAR model to invesutgate the relationship between external debt and economic growth in Rwanda . The unit root test indicated some variables are stationary at level while others are stataionery at first differencing .Variance decomposition results highlight that key macroeconomic variables are interdependent over time, emphasizing the interconnected nature of economic growth and debt dynamics. The Cointegration test indicated that there is a long term relation ship between the macro economic variables . The results of the study found a positive relationship between external debt and Economic growth in Rwanda. Policymakers should ensure that external borrowing remains within sustainable limits to avoid excessive debt burdens as this retards economic growth. Further studies should investigate the effect of external debt on sectoral growth to provide more targeted policy interventions in Rwanda
Anjali Singh, Rupali Sengupta
Maintaining the growth and long-term survival of probiotic bacteria is a major challenge in the development of functional and probiotic based food products, thereby highlighting the need for natural growth supporting agents. The present in vitro study assessed the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on the growth and survival of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus under controlled laboratory conditions. A 60 day experimental study was conducted using De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth and agar media supplemented with and without supplementation of hibiscus extract. Bacterial growth and survival were assessed on days 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 using the serial dilution and spread plate method and the results were expressed as colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). The study design allowed the assessment of both short-term growth patterns and long-term survival trends of the probiotic under supplemented and control conditions, this helped to understand how the plant extract affected the probiotic growth and survival over time. The hibiscus-supplemented samples showed higher CFU counts compared to the control, with maximum bacterial growth seen on day 15. The highest growth was observed in sample B at 10-3 dilution medium (150 CFU/mL) followed by sample A at 10-3 dilution medium (134 CFU/mL) and control at 10-3 dilution medium (120 CFU/mL). After day 15, a gradual decline was observed in CFU values across all samples and better survival of bacteria was seen in hibiscus-supplemented media at day 60. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between supplemented and control groups. The findings of this study indicated that Hibiscus sabdariffa extract enhanced the growth and prolonged the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus highlighting its potential application as a natural functional ingredient for improving probiotic viability in food and nutraceutical formulations.
Alice Ngima Wanjohi, Anne Murugi, Aswani Clevin Wakhisi, Jane Wanjiru Kuria, Khisa Allan Wanjala, Mureithi, Amos, Norbert Kaimenyi Mukaria
HIV continues to disproportionately affect children and adolescents, with only about 1 million of the 1.7 million infected children aged 0–14 receiving treatment. Without ART, most infants die before age five. Individualized case planning has improved adherence in viremic children, increasing doses taken from 62% to 86% and enhancing viral suppression. Tailored counseling and support have shown higher adherence (89.7% vs 80.6%) and better viral outcomes, emphasizing the need for personalized interventions in resource-limited settings.
Mu’azu Yunusa Riruwai, Wali Sallau Abba
Macroeconomic indicators are essential tools for assessing the health of an economy and guiding economic governance. These indicators, such as economic growth, inflation rate, returns on equity, exchange rate, and interest rate among others are used by policymakers to make informed decant by citizens to evaluate the performance of their leaders. The study examines the effect of macroeconomic shocks on stock market performance in Nigeria between 2000q1 and 2024q4 using Structural VAR model. The unit root test shows that all share index, money supply, exchange rate and inflation rate are stationary at first difference while interest rate is stationery at level. The impulse response function shows that exchange rate transmits negative shock to all share index in Nigeria. Inflation rate transmits positive shock to all share index in Nigeria. Interest rate transmits negative shock to all share index in Nigeria. Money supply transmits positive shock to all share index in Nigeria. The study concludes that macroeconomic shocks play a significant role in shaping stock market performance in Nigeria. The direction and magnitude of these effects underscore the importance of macroeconomic stability. The study recommends that Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should improving foreign exchange supply, diversifying export earnings, and reducing import dependence will help mitigate currency volatility and strengthen investor confidence in the capital market and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should ensure adequate liquidity in the financial system, especially during periods of economic downturn, to support capital market activities.
Dr. T. Arun Kumar
Finite Element method is implemented to study the “Effect of Radiation and mass transfer on an unsteady MHD convection flow in a porous medium with viscous dissipation”. The Numerical solution thus obtained, presented graphically for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles within the boundary layer and tabulated results for skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are discussed. It is observed that the radiation parameter increases, the velocity and temperature decreases in the boundary layer. Whereas when thermal and solutal Grash of number increases then the velocity increases.
Dr Biju G, Leya Mariyam Raju
Self-Efficacy is a crucial affective factor influencing students’ motivation, persistence, and achievement in mathematics learning. Students often lack confidence while learning abstract mathematical concepts such as negative numbers. The present study examined the effectiveness of the ARIAS instructional model, comprising Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assessment, and Satisfaction, in enhancing the Self-Efficacy of secondary school students. The study employed an experimental method using a pre-test post-test non-equivalent group design. The sample comprised 84 students of Standard IX students following the Kerala State syllabus, with 43 students in the experimental group and 41 in the control group. The experimental group received ARIAS-based instruction, while the control group was taught through activity-oriented instruction. Data were collected using a Self-Efficacy Scale developed by the investigator. Analysis using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANCOVA showed that ARIAS-based instruction significantly improved students’ Self-Efficacy compared to the control group. Further results revealed no significant difference in Self-Efficacy between boys and girls in the experimental group, indicating that the ARIAS model supports confidence development irrespective of gender. The study underscores the role of motivational instructional models in enhancing affective outcomes in mathematics learning.
Ahmed, N. O., Bako, R. U., Ibrahim, F.D., Jibrin, S.
The study analyzed the effects of livelihood diversification on cassava farmers household food consumption in Kogi State, Nigeria. The objectives include, to identify livelihood activities engaged in, to describe their food consumption pattern, to analyze the effect of livelihood diversification. Primary data was collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire from 120 cassava farmers in the study area. Descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression was employed to analyze the data. The result shows that 60% of the farmers were male, mostly married, with mean age of 49years, the livelihood activities engaged in were mostly processing of farm produce, petty trading and animal rearing, generating an annual income of ₦1,331,075, ₦541,083 and ₦459,083 respectively from the livelihoods. The result on food consumption pattern show that eating monotonous food, eating smaller size of food and skipping meals were the common. While the result on common food classes consumed shows that carbohydrate (yam, cassava, maize, rice), protein (beans and soybeans), fruits and vegetables (spinach and ugu) were the common. The OLS regression result shows that level of education, income from farm, income from livelihood activities and number of livelihood activities engaged in positively significantly affects food consumption at 1%, 5%, 5%, and 10% respectively. While the major constraints faced by farmers in diversifying livelihoods were inadequate capital, high cost of renting business premises and poor access to market. The study recommends increase access to loan facilities to the farmers, building of public business premises to be offered at reduced cost to enable them earn more income that will translate to increase in consumption of protein and vitamin rich food stuffs to combat hunger and increase well-being.
Okigbo, Ferdinand Chukwunwike
This research offers a critical and ecumenically framed theological appraisal of St. John Damascene’s doctrine of the veneration of saints and relics, examining its coherence, limits, and contemporary relevance within a plural Christian context. While deeply rooted in patristic tradition, this doctrine has remained contested, particularly within Protestant and secular frameworks that regard relic devotion as superstitious or as a displacement of Christ’s unique mediatorship. Rather than reproducing Damascene’s teaching as confessional apologetics, the study reconstructs his theology within its eighth-century Byzantine context, situates it within broader patristic and sacramental anthropology, and tests its coherence against Protestant and secular objections. Methodologically, the article adopts a qualitative historical-theological and comparative approach, combining close textual analysis of De Fide Orthodoxa (Book IV, Chapter XV) with engagement in patristic scholarship, contemporary sacramental theology, and ecumenical perspectives. The analysis examines Damascene’s incarnational anthropology, his theology of embodied holiness, and his logic of material mediation, while critically engaging concerns about idolatry, superstition, devotional excess, and the instrumentalization of sacred objects. It argues that Damascene’s theology becomes theologically viable when reframed within a symbolic and sacramental grammar rather than a magical or sensationalist one, and that relic veneration can be interpreted as a sacramental sign of embodied holiness, ecclesial memory, and the continuity of divine grace in material reality. From an ecumenical standpoint, the research proposes that Damascene’s theology need not function as a confessional imposition but as a conceptual resource for contemporary theological reflection on embodiment, holiness, and the communion of saints across Christian traditions.
Elina Ngoma-Kema, Flora Ngoma, Helen. Liseli Ngoma, Yotam Ngoma
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Non-governmental Organisations in promoting community development through non formal education. The objectives of the study were to find out the types of non-formal education activities implemented by Non-Governmental Organisations and to find out the challenges encountered in the implementation of non-formal education activities in community settings. This study adopted a mixed methods research design and the study found that the types of non-formal education that NGOs were offering included civic education, health literacy, youth empowerment, and training of occupational skills. One of the recommendations was that NGOs should actively seek to diversify funding by exploring sustainable models such as income-generating projects linked to vocational training (e.g., selling products made by trainees), micro-grants, and partnerships with local businesses.
Analyn D. Ramos, Nerrisa S. Ramirez
This study assessed the School-Based Management (SBM) practices of public elementary and secondary schools in the Division of Camarines Norte with the aim of identifying best practices and proposing a handbook intervention. Specifically, it sought to answer the following: (1) What is the Extent of understanding of the principles and practices of SBM in terms of vision and purpose, features, structures and roles, and support systems? (2) What is the extent of SBM implementation along leadership and governance, curriculum and learning, accountability and continuous improvement, and management of resources? (3) Is there a significant relationship between understanding and implementation of SBM? (4) What best practices are evident in SBM implementation? (5) What challenges are encountered by teachers and school heads? and (6) What intervention may be proposed to strengthen SBM practices? A quantitative-descriptive correlational design complemented by thematic analysis was employed, involving six school heads and forty-four teachers purposively selected from SBM implementer schools. Findings revealed that respondents demonstrated excellent understanding of SBM in terms of vision and purpose (OWM = 4.27) and structures and roles (OWM = 4.22), while features (OWM = 4.15) and support systems (OWM = 4.16) were at a good Extent. SBM implementation was rated Exemplary across all dimensions, with curriculum and learning highest (OWM = 4.15). A significant positive relationship (p < 0.01) was found between understanding and implementation. Best practices included collaborative leadership, contextualized curriculum, participatory accountability, and transparent resource management, while challenges included limited stakeholder participation, inadequate human resources, insufficient funding, and difficulty in securing external resources. Based on these, a School-Based Management Handbook was proposed to consolidate policies, processes, and tools for more consistent implementation
Charlotte B. Aboque
The City of Legazpi currently serves as the regional government center, education, tourism, and transport hub of the Bicol Region. The city acts as a gateway to several provinces, including Masbate, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Sorsogon, and Camarines Norte. It is made up of 70 barangays, 19 of which are coastal barangays, and is 16,165.05 hectares in total land area. The city is vulnerable to the effects of typhoons that originate in the Pacific Ocean, which can cause floods, storm surges, strong winds, and landslides caused by rain because it is located along the eastern shoreline and typhoon belt. Additionally, the city is vulnerable to earthquakes, tsunamis, and lahar floods due to its location within an active volcanic and seismic zone. (2015). Legazpi City Local Climate Change Action Plan [Review of Legazpi City Local Climate Change Action Plan]. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. Several provisions in the Local Government Code of 1991 enjoin local government units to protect the welfare, safety, and security of its constituents from all kinds of hazards. The Climate Change Act of 2009 (Republic Act 9729) provides policies for the local governments to uphold the people’s constitutional rights to life and property by addressing the root causes of vulnerabilities to climate change and strengthening its institutional capacity for adaptation to climate change effects and building the resilience of local communities. (2009, October 23). Republic Act No. 9729 In the past ten years, natural hazards such as volcanic activity, typhoons, and floods, caused major loss of human lives and destruction of properties and livelihood in Legazpi City. The disastrous events also destroyed production assets and infrastructure and caused damage to the environment. (2015). Legazpi City Local Climate Change Action Plan [Review of Legazpi City Local Climate Change Action Plan]. United Nations Human Settlements Programme.
Junnie Jane J. Velarde
This action research investigated the effectiveness of targeted instructional strategies in enhancing science learning among diverse learners at Iligan City National School of Fisheries, a technical-vocational secondary school. Sixty Grade 9 students with varied linguistic, cultural, and academic backgrounds participated. The study implemented differentiated instruction, active learning, culturally responsive teaching, and technology-enhanced lessons to create an inclusive learning environment. A mixed-methods design was employed, including pre- and post-tests (validated and reliable, Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.82), student surveys (α ≥ 0.85), classroom observations, and informal interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed for mean improvement and effect sizes, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Results indicated statistically and educationally significant gains, with large effect sizes in scientific knowledge (d = 1.05), engagement (d = 0.85), and attitudes toward science (d = 0.80). Students demonstrated enhanced conceptual understanding, active participation, and more positive attitudes toward science learning. Key barriers included limited English proficiency, cultural-linguistic differences, and resource constraints, which were mitigated through culturally responsive teaching and scaffolded supports. Findings suggest that inclusive, learner-centered strategies can significantly improve science performance, engagement, and equity, offering practical insights for technical-vocational education.
Harwati Hashim, M.Sharmithashini
The increasing presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in language education has accelerated the use of AI powered writing tools to support English as a Second Language (ESL) learners. Despite their growing adoption, empirical evidence on their effectiveness at the secondary school level within Malaysian international school contexts remains limited. This study investigates the influence of AI-powered writing tools on the writing proficiency of 41 secondary ESL students enrolled in an international school in Kuala Lumpur. A quantitative research design was employed, involving pre-test and post-test writing tasks and a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire examined students’ perceptions of grammar accuracy, vocabulary development, sentence restructuring, learner autonomy, and challenges associated with AI use. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS. The findings revealed high mean scores for perceived improvement in grammar recognition and correction (M = 4.10, SD = 1.11), vocabulary variety (M = 3.95, SD = 1.16), and sentence restructuring ability (M = 3.90, SD = 1.18). Students also reported positive perceptions of AI feedback in promoting independent revision (M = 3.78, SD = 1.11) and critical evaluation of AI-generated suggestions (M = 4.00, SD = 1.10). However, a moderate level of dependence on AI-powered writing tools was identified (M = 3.73, SD = 1.18). Overall, the results indicate that AI-powered writing tools can effectively support multiple dimensions of ESL writing proficiency when integrated with appropriate instructional guidance. The study highlights the pedagogical value of AI-assisted writing while emphasising the need for balanced implementation to prevent excessive reliance.
Karim Nanyiri, Sesadeba Pany
Environmental degradation, climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion have emerged as critical challenges of the 21st century (UNESCO, 2020). These interconnected disasters raise significant ethical questions regarding our responsibilities towards nature, future generations, and marginalized communities that are disproportionately affected by ecological harm. The urgency of climate change calls for a transformative shift in education, emphasizing the integration of environmental ethics and values into the learning process (IPCC, 2022). This need aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 and 13, which focus on Quality Education and Climate Action, respectively (United Nations, 2015). Education in environmental ethics and values can foster a culture of sustainability, encouraging critical thinking and responsible decision-making (Kuehn & Martin, 2020). Thus, education plays a pivotal role in shaping environmental values, cultivating moral reasoning, and promoting sustainable behaviour. This paper examines the intersection of environmental ethics and values in education, delving into philosophical foundations, pedagogical strategies, institutional mechanisms, and broader societal implications. Drawing on established scholarship in environmental ethics and environmental education, this argument posits that incorporating ethics into educational curricula is crucial for fostering responsible citizenship, ecological sustainability, and cultural transformation. The analysis presented in this paper focuses on the conceptual foundations, pedagogical approaches, implementation strategies, key findings, and practical recommendations related to environmental ethics and values in education. It explores various ethical perspectives, including anthropocentrism, biocentrism, ecocentrism, and deep ecology. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of environmental ethics in education, encompassing the development of environmental awareness, enhancement of moral and ethical reasoning, and promotion of pro-environmental behaviour. Key findings indicate that education in environmental ethics enhances awareness, strengthens moral reasoning, encourages sustainable practices, and influences community actions. The paper concludes with recommendations for educators, policymakers, and institutions dedicated to fostering a more sustainable future.
Ambrose Ekhalemilu Utsalo, Janet Aderonke Cole, Martins Ilevbare, Olumuyiwa Ademola Alao
The Beach sand, Obedoluogbeyi and Idogbo communities along Sapele bypass in Benin Region, Nigeria were studied for environmental and maturity indices. Forty (40) samples were collected and experimentally analysed for textural characteristics heavy minerals composition, pebble morphology and petrographic thin section. The examination of heavy minerals showed that the major deposit of heavy minerals was opaque. The graphic mean (average 1.542) revealed that medium to coarse sand size sediments predominated which are moderately to well sorted (average 1.141), typical of Continental paleo-environment. The graphic skewedness (average 3.445) typifies a period of a balance between erosion and deposition of the sediments with the majority of the sediments being substantially coarsely skewed and a small amount of strongly finely skewed sediments. In the graphic kurtosis (3.64), are consistent with mesokurtic to leptokurtic sand grains, characteristic of an intermediate to high energy ancient fluvial depositional environment. The sand was compositionally mature (Qtz >90%), mineralogical mature (MMI average = 18.66) and chemically immature sub-mature (ZTR = 70.10). The ancient environment of the deposition from the average of the sorting value is typical of a continental origin. This finding is authenticated by the environmental discrimination plots which also confirm a continental environment of deposition for the coastal plain sand. The fluvial or continental origin indicates past river processes, which helps to reconstruct regional paleoenvironment. Textural and compositional maturity suggests significant transport and sorting by water. The mineralogical maturity provides insights to source rock weathering or recycling. Overall, understanding the origin and maturity, guides exploration strategies
Suchitra Ramamurthy
Covering violence and humanitarian crises is one of the most ethically demanding responsibilities of journalism. The pursuit of truth, public interest, and accountability often clashes with concerns related to human dignity, safety, trauma, political influence, and sensationalism. This research paper critically examines the ethical challenges journalists face while reporting on violence and humanitarian crises, particularly in the contemporary media environment shaped by digital platforms, competition for attention, and the post-truth climate. Through qualitative analysis of existing literature, case studies, and ethical frameworks, the study highlights key ethical dilemmas including victim representation, objectivity, safety of journalists, misinformation, and humanitarian intervention narratives. The paper further explores how journalistic ethics can be strengthened through responsible practices, institutional safeguards, and future-oriented approaches.
Avinash Adhupiya, Dr Jitender Kumar, Madhavaraman M
Technology is needed to increase both internal productivity in hotels and client experiences in hotels; thus, technology is changing how guests interact with the hotel service and how hotels operate internally. Consequently, the purpose of this research is to determine if the technology used by hotels enhances the guest experience. This study was completed using a quantitative methodology as well as an online survey, and random sampling procedures to collect primary data from 50 participants. Data collected through secondary methods were obtained from multiple sources (e.g., textbooks, journals, and e-libraries) and analysed using Microsoft Excel. The results of this study suggest that there are substantial knowledge and usage of technology on the part of hotel guests, and that they want to use the technologies provided by hotels. Technology generally contributes positively to increasing the quality of the guest’s stay experience, improving the sustainability of hotels, and improving the internal operation of hotels. Technology has allowed hotels to enhance their guest's stay experience by allowing guests to utilize mobile keys, smart televisions, enhanced electronic booking systems, and cashless transactions. Additionally, technology has also enabled the implementation of more efficient service delivery through technologies such as self-service kiosk technology, chatbot technology, and robot butler technology. Furthermore, the reliance of hotels on technology may contribute to the risk of a cyber-attack; however, it also contributes to the reduction of staff. The results of this study further indicated that technology has a significant positive relationship between customer satisfaction and repeat business to those hotels which have implemented the latest technologies.
Ali Bakari, Muktar BabaGana
Groundwater is an essential resource for drinking, and its quality is critical to human health. This study examines the physical and chemical quality of drinking water in eight Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Ondo State. The water quality analysis methodology outlined in the APHA and USGS water standard guidelines was incorporated into the methodology used in this study. On-site parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, and temperature, as well as the primary physical and chemical properties of groundwater samples, were investigated. According to the water analysis results, the study's findings indicate that the water samples' temperatures ranged from 27 to 29 degrees Celsius. The pH ranges from 6 to 7. The turbidity falls between 1.2 and 1.6 NTU. The range of electrical conductivity (EC) is between 80 and 90 µS/cm. Each water sample in the study area has a TSS of 0.01. Idanre had the lowest TDS (40 mg/L), while Okitipupa had the highest (45 mg/L). Idanre has the lowest water hardness, at around 45 mg/L, while Akure and Okitipupa have the highest, at 50 mg/L. Idanre reported 17 mg/L of chloride, while Ikare and Okitipupa reported 20 mg/L. Except for Idanre, all groundwater samples examined had a nitrate concentration of 9 mg/L. Phosphate concentrations were less than 0.01 mg/L in all the samples. Sulphate concentrations were evaluated. Iron concentration ranges from 0.07 mg/L to 0.10 mg/L. The evaluated groundwater falls within the acceptable limit of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Groundwater Quality Index.
Daniel Chai Z C, Eugene Wong H C, Haziyah Hashim, Nur Izzati Ishak, Yong Doh Jeing
Nasal Obstruction (NO) is a common symptom for a wide range of pathologies, to date there are no universally accepted methods to determine the severity of NO. Nasal Obstruction can be evaluated subjectively by means of questionnaires such as Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Objective methods of evaluation include Anterior-Posterior Rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, Peak Nasal inspiratory Flow and 3D CT reconstruction flow modeling. This study explores a novel method of NO severity evaluation, by means of Mini Infrared (IR) Thermographic Camera. Inspired air has a cooling effect on nasal vestibule skin while expired air conversely warms up the skin. The cooling and warming process emits Infrared wavelengths at different intensities hence an Infrared camera can be used to indirectly measure the temperature fluctuation without direct contact. This study primarily compares Nasal Vestibule temperature fluctuation range detected on mini IR thermographic camera to NOSE questionnaire score in subjects with the symptom of Nasal Obstruction. Secondarily, this study compares IR thermography results to standard measurement of Active Anterior Rhinomanometry. 34 Subjects with Nasal Obstruction complaints were recruited from the outpatient clinic. All subjects are required to complete the survey via NOSE questionnaire, then to undergo IR thermography evaluation and Anterior Rhinomanometry in the same setting. All subjects are above the age of 18 and well consented. Exclusion criteria includes underlying lung disease, local nasal skin inflammatory condition, septal perforation and recent nasal surgeries. Result wise there is a moderately strong correlation found (R2 = 0.713), between NOSE score and Nasal Vestibule Temperature Fluctuation Means ; On the other hand, Correlation between Nasal Vestibule Temperature Fluctuation and Anterior Rhinomanometry is weak (R2 = 0.001 - 0.008). In conclusion Infrared camera is a potentially useful tool for evaluation of Nasal blockage, demonstrated by moderate correlation to the subjective NOSE score, however further study with larger sample size is needed for validation.
Bhumure Ngonidzashe, Mupedziso Glossy, Nyararai Yvonne O., Nyoni-Phili Sizanobuhle L.
The increase of antimicrobial resistant pathogens within Zimbabwe's dairy industry has necessitated an urgent need for alternative treatments. This growing challenge directly threatens both animal health and farm productivity. Consequently, there is a critical and timely shift toward exploring plant-based solutions for mastitis management. These natural alternatives offer a promising avenue to improve dairy cow health while helping to preserve the efficacy of existing antimicrobial medicines for future use. This study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial potential of Solanum indicum (Indian nightshade) leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus, a primary causative agent of bovine mastitis. Milk samples from clinical routine testing were collected, and S. aureus was isolated and confirmed using selective media Mannitol Salt Agar, Gram staining, catalase, and coagulase tests. A methanol extract of S. indicum was prepared via cold maceration and tested at varying concentrations (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 extract to solvent ratios) using the agar well diffusion method. Ampicillin and a methanol control served as positive and negative controls, respectively. The zones of inhibition obtained were 16.7mm for the highest concentration extract. The results demonstrated that the S. indicum extract exhibited intermediate antimicrobial activity against S. aureus isolates, with the highest concentration (1:0) showing a mean inhibition zone comparable to that of ampicillin. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the extract's efficacy and the negative control. These findings suggest that S. indicum possesses potent bioactive compounds effective against S. aureus, supporting its potential as a sustainable, plant based alternative therapy for treatment of bovine mastitis infections in dairy cows.
Akajiaku, L. O., Alozie, C. A., Elemuo, G. K., Nwuka, M. U., Obasi N. E., Onwuka G. I.
The study aimed to evaluate the microbial load and proximate compositions of high-fiber composite flours made from wheat, tiger nut fiber and cassava blends. High fiber inclusion (up to 20%) was achieved presenting an excellent option for formulating healthier foods. The microbial count for the total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC) and total fungi count (TFC) were determined. TVC had the ranges of 0.40 x 102 CFU/g to 13.30 x 108 CFU/g (0 to 192 days of storage), Also TCC were not detected at day 0 but varied to 12.22 x 108 CFU/g after 192 days of storage. In the same way, TFC had the ranges of 3.50 x 102 CFU/g to 20.24 x 108 CFU/g (0 to 192 days of storage). After 144 days, the microbial load of the high-fiber composite flours peaked at levels of x108 indicating unsafe limits, below this storage level, acceptable safety levels were compared to Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) ranges of TVC (≤ 1 x 105 CFU/g, TCC (< 1 x 102 CFU/g) and TFC (≤ 1 x 104 CFU/g). The proximate compositions had moisture range of 4.65 – 5.89%, protein (8.50 – 13.84%), fat (1.37 – 1.77%), crude fiber (2.10 – 3.50%), ash (0.26 – 0.57%) and carbohydrates (77.50 – 80.65%), the dry matter content ranged from 94.11 – 95.35% and energy range of 368.08 – 380.24 Kcal. The tiger nut fiber supplementation was achieved with partial replacement up to 20% presenting an excellent option for formulating healthier food alternatives
Christian Jay C. Centismo, Jovelle Rein Priya S. Calderon, Katrina Ysabel Gruy, Ma. Chelsea B. Parale, Meshelle N. Fabro
Fire accidents continue to pose significant risks to households, schools, and communities, making early detection essential for minimizing damage and saving lives. This study introduces an enhanced prototype smoke detector designed to integrate multiple sensing capabilities—smoke, gas, and fire detection—into a single unit. The system is equipped with LED indicators and sound alarms, providing both visual and auditory alerts to ensure timely awareness. By combining these features, the prototype offers a more affordable and comprehensive safety solution compared to conventional single-sensor devices.
Jaffry B. Zakaria, Mohamad Azizul B. Mohamed Afandi, Omar Firdaus B. Mohd Said, Yasir Mohammed Said Al-Fathi
This study examines the key challenges faced by 13 Omani sports federations in promoting sustainability through SDGs 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, and 16 within the framework of Oman Vision 2040. Using a qualitative approach, researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 officials from these federations and analyzed the data with Atlas.ti software through content analysis. The findings reveal significant barriers, including inadequate coordination and fragmented governance among stakeholders such as sports federations, the Ministry of Health, and the private sector; limited collaboration with the Ministry of Education and educational institutions; and a pronounced gender gap in participation, leadership, and program development. Contributing factors to this gap include underrepresentation of women in decision-making, restricted opportunities for female coaches and referees, and persistent cultural and structural obstacles. Financial instability, insufficient infrastructure, weak governance, and a lack of sustainability-focused strategies further hinder progress. Additionally, ineffective coordination with governmental bodies and local communities in urban planning and green space management highlights the need for structured policies, robust partnerships, and enhanced collaboration among federations, government entities, and civil society. To overcome these challenges, the study recommends that Omani sports federations strengthen governance, foster cross-sector collaboration, promote gender inclusion, invest in infrastructure, and develop clear sustainability strategies to fully realize sport’s potential in achieving the SDGs and Oman Vision 2040.
Jaffry B. Zakaria, Mohamad Azizul B. Mohamed Afandi, Omar Firdaus B. Mohd Said, Yasir Mohammed Said Al-Fathi
This study examines the key challenges faced by 13 Omani sports federations in promoting sustainability through SDGs 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, and 16 within the framework of Oman Vision 2040. Using a qualitative approach, researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 officials from these federations and analyzed the data with Atlas.ti software through content analysis. The findings reveal significant barriers, including inadequate coordination and fragmented governance among stakeholders such as sports federations, the Ministry of Health, and the private sector; limited collaboration with the Ministry of Education and educational institutions; and a pronounced gender gap in participation, leadership, and program development. Contributing factors to this gap include underrepresentation of women in decision-making, restricted opportunities for female coaches and referees, and persistent cultural and structural obstacles. Financial instability, insufficient infrastructure, weak governance, and a lack of sustainability-focused strategies further hinder progress. Additionally, ineffective coordination with governmental bodies and local communities in urban planning and green space management highlights the need for structured policies, robust partnerships, and enhanced collaboration among federations, government entities, and civil society. To overcome these challenges, the study recommends that Omani sports federations strengthen governance, foster cross-sector collaboration, promote gender inclusion, invest in infrastructure, and develop clear sustainability strategies to fully realize sport’s potential in achieving the SDGs and Oman Vision 2040.
Anisah Zainab Musa, Nur Shakila Ibharim, Nurul Iman Abdul Jalil, Wong Woen Sheng
This study explored the multifaceted impacts of cyberbullying victimization among Malaysian youths using a qualitative phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants aged 15 to 30, all of whom had experienced cyberbullying. Thematic analysis revealed that cyberbullying leads to profound emotional and behavioural consequences. Emotionally, participants reported fear, anxiety, panic, numbness, depression, and sadness. Behavioural changes included social withdrawal, reduced online engagement, altered communication patterns, and life decisions shaped by their experiences. These impacts extended beyond the individual, affecting relationships and trust with others. The findings demonstrate the pervasive toll cyberbullying takes on youth well-being, influencing multiple dimensions of their lives. The study emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive mental health resources and early intervention strategies that are culturally sensitive and tailored to the Malaysian context. By capturing the lived experiences of victims, this research provides critical insights into the complex nature of cyberbullying and highlights the importance of developing targeted support mechanisms to address its psychological and behavioural effects. Such efforts are vital for fostering safer digital environments, reducing stigma, and promoting resilience among Malaysian youth in an increasingly connected world.
Ahnaf Anjum Dara, Bimol Chandra Roy, Biplob Kumer Roy, Md. Mostain Billah, Sharmin Akter Tule
Gelatin is a natural substance made by partially hydrolyzing collagen-rich materials that are present in connective tissues, animal skin, and bones. The objective of this investigation was to ascertain the yield and physicochemical characteristics of gelatin that was extracted from cattle hides that had been exposed to varying concentrations of acetic acid. To attain the highest extraction efficiency, pretreatments are typically performed before the gelatin extraction procedure. Fresh hides of cattle were gathered from a nearby slaughterhouse. In this study, cattle hides treated with 1% acetic acid were categorized as AA-1 group, 3% acetic acid treated hides as AA-3 group, and 5% acetic acid treated hides as AA-5 group with three replicates in each group or treatment. A significant difference (p<0.001) in acetic acid concentration was observed in yield, gel strength/ Bloom, viscosity but did not differ significantly (p>0.05) for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, pH and color (L*, a* and b* values) of the gelatin extracted from cattle hides. Yield of gelatin was highest in AA-5 group (16.98%), followed by AA-3 group (13.99%) and lowest in AA-1 group (11.57%). The highest bloom was observed in AA-3 group (205.52g), followed by AA-5 group (195.52g) and lowest in AA-1 group (154.90g). Bloom increased almost 25.00% in case of AA-3 group compared to AA-1 group. The physiochemical and technological properties of gelatin extracted from cattle hides indicate that high quality gelatin can be extracted from cattle hides after acid pretreatment for application in a variety of fields.
Jenefer P. Bermusa, Reagan B. Ricafort
The study introduces FaceLog, a two-layer authentication framework developed to add digital security by incorporating biometric authentication and multi-factor authentication (MFA). The first security layer utilizes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)–based facial recognition model with liveness detection to verify user authenticity in real time. Using the Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR) method, the system detects natural eye blinks to distinguish live users from spoofing attempts involving static or digital images. Once facial verification is successful, the system proceeds to second layer of protection, either a One-Time Password (OTP) or a Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP) for identity confirmation. This structure ensures that even if one authentication factor is compromised, unauthorized access remains effectively prevented. Evaluation results demonstrate high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, supported by excellent ratings in functionality, usability, and compatibility based the criterion of ISO/IEC 25010 software quality model. The findings affirm that combining biometric authentication with multi-factor verification provides a robust, efficient, and user-centered approach to secure modern login systems, addressing the growing challenges of cybersecurity in digital platforms.
Angela Marie Lorica, Virginia S. Ariza
This study employs a descriptive comparative research design to examine the motivational factors influencing exercise adherence among 60 MAPEH teachers in Area II-A, Leyte Division. Using the T-Test, the study determines significant differences in motivation across age, gender, marital status, field of specialization, and years of teaching experience. Findings indicate that the majority of respondents are within the 25-30 age range, predominantly male (58.3%), married (61.6%), and MAPEH majors (73.3%). Despite a strong commitment to physical fitness programs (66.6% of schools implement exercise initiatives), a substantial portion (71.6%) lacks relevant training. Motivational analysis reveals that identified regulation (Mean = 4.43) and intrinsic motivation (Mean = 4.11) strongly influence adherence, highlighting the importance of recognizing exercise benefits. Meanwhile, introjected regulation (Mean = 3.0) suggests an internalized pressure to maintain exercise habits. External regulation (Mean = 2.7) has a moderate role, whereas amotivation (Mean = 1.76) is minimal. Gender, marital status, and field of specialization are found to significantly affect motivational factors (p-values < 0.05), with males and married individuals demonstrating higher adherence. The findings underscore the need for enhanced training and tailored fitness programs to promote sustainable exercise habits among educators. Insights from this study inform health promotion initiatives to foster a more active and engaged teaching community.
J. Luxmanathasan, P. Sivananthan
The role of parents is crucial in determining students' learning achievements. Parental separation significantly affects student performance. In the 1AB and 1C schools within the Trincomalee Education Division, the learning achievements of senior secondary students whose parents have recently separated are notably low. Therefore, this study aims to identify factors, aside from parental separation, that have influenced their learning achievements. This research, designed as a descriptive quantitative survey, 152 senior secondary students separated from their parents, studying in 10 schools in the area, selected through a stratified random sampling method. Quantitative data obtained from questionnaires and documents were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques. This study has revealed the following findings. The analysis was interpreted using a Likert scale (very high 4 - very low 1). Individual (M = 2.5), family (M = 2.8), socioeconomic (M = 3.9), and school (M = 2.5) factors significantly influenced the learning of separated senior secondary students. However, socioeconomic factors exert a much greater influence on students' learning achievement than the other factors. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between students' learning achievement scores and these factors. In fact, socioeconomic factors (r = 0.674) show a very strong positive correlation with students' learning achievement compared to the other factors.
Funturu Dizzy Nanbyet, Michael E. Ibanga
Historically, farmers and herders in Langtang South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria existed together in relative harmony, sharing land, water, and other available resources essential to their livelihoods. This interdependence fostered a symbiotic relationship that lasted for generations. However, in recent decades, this balance has been disrupted by a complex mix of demographic, environmental, economic, and political pressures. The main objective of this study is to explore the causes, impacts, and possible solutions to the recurring farmer-herder conflict in Langtang South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Anchored on the Governance and State Fragility Theory which focuses on the role of weak or failing state institutions in contributing to the persistence of conflict, the study explores how competition over land and resources, ethnic identity, and weak governance contribute to conflict. As an empirical study, data were collected using questionnaires and interview discussions with major stakeholders including farmers, herders, community leaders, and security officials. This paper employs both quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. Quantitative data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed using the descriptive statistical technique, while qualitative data from open-ended questions and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study revealed that land disputes, climate change, ethnic tensions, and inadequate government response are key drivers of the conflict. The conflict has resulted in loss of lives, destruction of property, displacement of residents, and food insecurity. Efforts at conflict resolution, such as peace committees and government interventions, have been largely ineffective due to poor implementation and lack of community involvement. The study concludes by recommending improved land policies, inclusive dialogue, and stronger governance structures to promote peaceful coexistence between farmers and herders in the area.
Dr. Aishwarya Joshi
Fasting is an age-old practice across cultures, with Ayurveda offering one of the most comprehensive frameworks for its safe and therapeutic application. This article explores the Ayurvedic approach to fasting, highlighting its role in restoring balance among the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), enhancing digestive fire (agni), mobilizing toxins (ama), and preserving vital energy (ojas). Integrating traditional wisdom with contemporary scientific insights, the paper examines the physiological, neurological, and immunological benefits of fasting, supported by case studies, dosha-specific protocols, and lifestyle integration strategies. Practical guidelines for preparation, safe fasting, refeeding, and seasonal adaptation are discussed, along with common mistakes to avoid. The synthesis of Ayurveda and modern science underscores fasting’s potential as a holistic intervention for physical health, mental clarity, and emotional resilience. By aligning ancient practices with modern lifestyles, Ayurvedic fasting emerges as a practical, sustainable, and transformative approach to comprehensive well-being.
Dr. Abhinav Kumar Tiwari, Dr. Ankul Pandey
With the goal of giving the less fortunate segments of society access to sufficient, reasonably priced, and easily accessible financial services, financial inclusion has become a crucial element of economic growth. To reduce the distance between official banking institutions and rural communities, Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are essential. This study looks at Shahdol Grameen Bank's role in advancing financial inclusion in Madhya Pradesh's Shahdol area. through a thorough examination of the bank's credit distribution, account penetration, outreach programs, and execution of government programs like PMJDY.
Hafatin Natrah Binti Md Noh@Safar, Navaratnam A/L Vejaratnam
Sawarak is the first state in Malaysia having law to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which is the Environment (Reduction of Greenhouse Gases Emission) Ordinance 2023. This shows a big change in how climate is governed by the level of subnational jurisdiction which is setting up a legally biding system that consists of carbon market mechanisms, regulatory control, and economic tools. This paper examines the principles characteristic and structure of Sawarak’s carbon governance frameworks as set out in the Ordinance. This paper discusses by applying a conceptual and doctrinal framework regarding the regulation of GHG emissions through mandatory registration and emissions reporting, the development of emission thresholds, and the application of compliance measures which consist of caron capture and storage, carbon levies, abatement obligations. This also consists of the processes for issuing and verifying credits, activities that can earn credits, the duties of the Carbon Credit Units Register, and safeguards against double counting.
Mr. Shri Nithish, Mr. Sridhar R, Ms. Usha M
The tea plantation industry in India, a significant rural employer, heavily relies on a stable and satisfied workforce. This study investigates the role of employee welfare measures in shaping job satisfaction, with a special focus on Dollar Tea Industry, Kotagiri. Drawing on responses from 142 employees across departments, the research evaluates statutory and non-statutory welfare provisions and their correlation with job satisfaction. The findings indicate a strong positive relationship between welfare measures and employee satisfaction (r = 0.827, p < 0.01), whereas the work environment, though correlated, had no significant predictive value. The regression model (R² = 0.685) affirms that robust welfare schemes are key drivers of satisfaction in rural industrial settings. This study offers actionable insights for HR practitioners and plantation managers to align welfare strategies with employee needs.
Nguyen Thi Bay, Nguyen Thi Linh, Nguyen Thi Nha Phuong
This study investigates the impact of applying gamification on the confidence of third-year pre-service teachers during micro-teaching activities at the undergraduate level. Data were collected from 230 students at a university in Vietnam through surveys, instructor observations, and focus group interviews. The findings reveal that, within the gamified micro-teaching context, confidence was enhanced through enjoyment, immediate feedback, and challenge-based elements, which in turn helped students reduce anxiety, perform more effectively, and enrich their teacher training experiences. This study provides important empirical evidence for teacher education programs and encourages educators to adopt innovative instructional approaches to foster greater confidence and professional competence among pre-service teachers during their training.
Dr. N. Seetha
Gender discrimination is swiftly becoming the center of contemporary talk of many national and international platforms. Women's power and efficiency could not be noticed, found or even imagined earlier in the professional area of work. Shashi Deshpande researches predicaments of the Indian women of middle-class society and their struggle to adopt in it without trying in getting freedom from its tradition. She creates mass awareness against oppression and suppression of the women in the strict patriarchal society. Women are considered to be enslaved, banned and weakened as fewer opportunities are offered to them for the betterment of life despite and conscious about the wellbeing of family members. Man never likes woman to have equal share, as he is enjoying all the privileges in the family and the society. Since that time, a woman has lived under the care and control of her parents or husband or her children. She is considered a property of her father; when she marries, she is transferred to be the property of her husband. A married woman is expected to be obedient, silent, docile, and submissive and is supposed to be chaste. The conflicts between traditional upbringings and the force of education and employment are sufficiently described in The Dark Holds No Terrors.
Anuj, Pankaj Kumar, Rajpaul Yadav, Ram Prakash, Sarita Rani
Groundwater represents an important resource for sustaining life.The study was conducted to evaluate groundwater in the Badhara block of Charkhi Dadri District of Haryana. GIS was used to show the spatial distribution of water quality parameters. During the study 61groundwater samples were collected from different location were estimated for sodium concentration (Na %) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and Residual sodium carbonate (RSC). According to the distribution map of irrigation water quality as per AICRP classification about 54% samples were found Good, 8% samples under Marginally saline and 6% water samples were classified under High SAR saline category, 22.9% water samples were categorized as Marginally alkali. The result of study indicated that the groundwater quality in the study area is mostly suitable for irrigation purpose.
Maria Laura Martins-Costa, Rogério M. Saldanha da Gama
Aiming to describe transport phenomena in an atmosphere containing a pollutant, assuming radial transport of the pollutant and the atmosphere as an ideal isothermal gas, this work yields a nonlinear hyperbolic system of three partial differential equations that represent mass and momentum conservation for the air-pollutant mixture and the pollutant mass balance. The hyperbolic nature of the system demands a numerical method capable of handling discontinuities. In this context, Glimm's scheme is naturally chosen for the numerical simulation, combined with an operator-splitting technique to account for the non-homogeneous portion of the operator, arising naturally from the problem's spherical geometry.
Mohd Zool Hilmie Mohamed Sawal, Nazni Noordin, Nurul Amira Azmi, Zaherawati Zakaria
Malaysia is undergoing a significant demographic shift as its ageing population steadily increases. In response, this paper explores the need for inclusive recreational park designs tailored specifically for older adults. Grounded in the principles of sustainable development and supported by legal provisions under the Local Government Act 1976 (Act 171), this article highlights how green public spaces can improve the quality of life for senior citizens. It identifies key design elements, such as age-appropriate equipment and social interaction spaces, that support physical health, mental well-being, and community connectivity. Drawing on demographic data and previous research, the paper advocates for a paradigm shift in town planning to address the unique needs of Malaysia’s ageing society. Well-designed recreational parks not only enhance seniors’ physical and emotional health but also foster intergenerational harmony, contributing to a healthier and more inclusive society.
Dr. Rosemarie Wanyoike, Monica Wanjine Mbugua
This paper has explored the existing literature on the impact of Green Human Resource Management practices on sustainable organizational performance, taking into consideration an extensive desktop literature review. The review concentrated on four pillars of practice, which included green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance appraisal, and green compensation and rewards. The synthesis of evidence based on international, regional, and Kenyan literature shows that environmentally compatible recruitment is positively related to value congruence between employees and companies, whereas green training improves ecological knowledge, skills, and responsible workplace behaviors. The results also suggest that the implementation of environmental factors in performance appraisal systems will enhance accountability and that sustainability-related compensation systems encourage long-term employee involvement in responsible actions. All these practices were discovered to have a positive impact on the environmental, economic, and social aspects of organizational performance through increased efficiency of resource use, aid in meeting regulatory requirements, increased effectiveness in operating the organization, and promotion of ethical and responsible conduct. The research finds that internal human resource systems greatly influence sustainable organizational performance and that Green Human Resource Management is a strategic process of ensuring that sustainability is incorporated in the organizational operations. The study suggests institutionalization of the green human resource practices in organizational policy frameworks, increased regulatory and capacity building of policy makers, and increased empirical studies to widen knowledge of sustainability-motivated human resource strategies in organizational environments.
ADUNWENYE, Sylvester, ARUOREN Emmanuel Ejiroghene
This study examined the green work–life balance (GWB) initiatives and employee performance in Delta State oil servicing sector: toward sustainable workforce productivity, against the backdrop of increasing technological advancement, intensified work demands, and rising environmental and occupational health concerns. While globalization and technological progress have improved productivity and living standards, they have also heightened ecological risks and workplace pressures faced by employees. In response, oil servicing companies have increasingly embraced GWB as a strategic green human resource management practice aimed at harmonizing employees’ work and personal life domains. The study focused on two dimensions of GWB, green work interface with personal life balance and green personal life enhancement of work, and their influence on employee performance. A survey research design was adopted, and data were collected through structured questionnaire, administered to 121 employees drawn from five selected oil servicing companies in Delta State, Nigeria. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression diagnostics, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that green work interface with personal life balance (t = 7.22, p < 0.05) and green personal life enhancement of work (t = 4.77, p < 0.05) exerted significant positive effects on employee performance. Based on these results, the study concluded that effective implementation of GWB initiatives enhances employee performance and recommended that management of oil servicing companies deliberately structure work schedules and organizational practices to ensure a clear balance between work responsibilities and personal life activities, while also promoting green practices that enrich employees’ personal lives and work experiences.
Lawal, Margaret Oluseyi, Majeobaje, Ismail Olalekan
The study examined how green-oriented leadership impact on employees’ green behavior in manufacturing industries. It specifically investigated green transactional and green transformational leadership in Unilever Nigeria Plc, Agbara, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study employed survey research design and comprised of the entire members of staff of Unilever Nigeria Plc, Agbara which consisted of 630 employees. Census technique was employed for the study to avoid sampling bias and ensure complete accuracy. Data were gathered from primary source with the use of questionnaire as a means of gathering data. The instruments' reliability and validity were determined using Cronbach Alpha statistics and component factor analysis respectively. Multiple linear regression was utilized with the aid of SPSS version 26 to evaluate the inferential statistics of the data. Based on the findings of the study, there is a statistically significant association between employees' behaviors and both green transactional and green transformational leadership styles in Unilever Nigeria Plc., Agbara, Ogun State, Nigeria. It was concluded that green-oriented leadership positively and significantly influence employees' green behavior. In order to promote environmentally conscious employees’ behavior, the study recommended that the management of Unilever Nigeria Plc., Agbara, Ogun State, Nigeria, should further improve on their green transformational and green transactional leadership styles.
Amparo T. Miguel, Ocuaman, Rose Anne C, Peña, Crystal Jane A., Pizon, Arcel B., Ratonel, Khianne Irrish C.
Healthcare systems have begun to recognize the importance of inclusive and equitable service for all patient groups, including the LGBTQ+ community. However, LGBTQ+ individuals still face barriers when it comes to receiving fair and culturally sensitive healthcare. This study aimed to assess the awareness levels of nursing, respiratory therapy, and midwifery students regarding LGBTQ+ health disparities. It sought to identify gaps and recommend strategies to strengthen cultural competence education. Тhе studу usеd а quаntіtаtіvе dеsіgn, cоmраrіng аnd lооkіng fоr cоrrеlаtіоns. It іnvоlvеd 209 hеаlthcаrе studеnts frоm thе Nursіng, Міdwіfеrу, аnd Rеsріrаtоrу Тhеrару рrоgrаms аt Маrу Chіlеs Cоllеgе. Раrtіcіраnts wеrе sеlеctеd usіng strаtіfіеd quоtа sаmрlіng. Dаtа wаs cоllеctеd wіth а quеstіоnnаіrе dеsіgnеd bу thе rеsеаrchеrs. Тhе studу fоllоwеd еthіcаl рrіncірlеs, іncludіng іnfоrmеd cоnsеnt, vоluntаrу раrtіcіраtіоn, аnd cоnfіdеntіаlіtу. Dеscrірtіvе аnd іnfеrеntіаl stаtіstіcs wеrе usеd tо аnаlуzе thе dаtа.Respondents had moderate overall awareness of LGBTQ+ health disparities. They showed high awareness of violence and sexually transmitted infections, while moderate awareness was noted for heart disease, mental health conditions, and substance abuse. Obesity, eating disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease were all associated with low awareness. Аwаrеnеss dіffеrеd sіgnіfіcаntlу bаsеd оn аgе аnd аcаdеmіc уеаr, wіth sеnіоr studеnts dеmоnstrаtіng hіghеr undеrstаndіng. Gеndеr аnd cоllеgе рrоgrаm hаd nо sіgnіfіcаnt еffеct. Тhе fіndіngs shоw thе nееd fоr hеаlthcаrе еducаtіоn thаt іs thоrоugh, іnclusіvе, аnd culturаllу sеnsіtіvе. LGBТQ+ hеаlth tоріcs shоuld bе іncludеd еаrlу аnd cоntіnuоuslу аcrоss аll аcаdеmіc рrоgrаms. Instіtutіоnаl роlіcіеs must аctіvеlу рrоmоtе іnclusіvіtу, gеndеr sеnsіtіvіtу, аnd sаfе lеаrnіng еnvіrоnmеnts. Fаcultу mеmbеrs аrе еncоurаgеd tо usе іnclusіvе tеаchіng mеthоds, іncоrроrаtіng rеаl-wоrld scеnаrіоs аnd dіvеrsе cаsе studіеs. Futurе rеsеаrch mау ехаmіnе thе lоng-tеrm еffеcts оf еducаtіоnаl рrоgrаms оn lеаrnеrs’ аwаrеnеss аnd skіlls. Sуstеmаtіcаllу іntеgrаtіng LGBТQ+ hеаlth cоntеnt thrоugh stоrіеs аnd sіmulаtіоns іs еssеntіаl tо strеngthеn culturаl undеrstаndіng аnd рrераrе hеаlthcаrе lеаrnеrs tо gіvе іnclusіvе аnd fаіr cаrе.
Aka-Okeke Nnaedozie Ikemsinachi, Ifeanyi Loveth Chiamaka, Okeke Miracle Chidiebere, Ozurigbo Jane-Frances Amarachi, Udeani Kingsley Chibuike
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination remains a cornerstone of cervical cancer prevention and the control of other HPV-related malignancies. Healthcare workers are critical to the success of vaccination programmes, as their knowledge, attitudes, and recommendations strongly influence public acceptance. This study assessed the level of knowledge, willingness, and factors influencing hesitancy toward HPV vaccination among healthcare workers in Anambra State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 430 healthcare workers selected using a multistage stratified random sampling technique across public and private health facilities. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire and analysed with IBM SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise key variables, while inferential analyses—including chi-square tests, independent t-tests, analysis of variance, and correlation analysis—were employed to examine associations between knowledge, willingness, and selected sociodemographic characteristics. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Overall, knowledge of HPV and its vaccine was high, with 91.6% of respondents demonstrating adequate knowledge. Awareness of the association between HPV and cervical cancer was high; however, knowledge that HPV affects both males and females was comparatively lower. Willingness to accept and recommend HPV vaccination was also high, with 81.4% of respondents exhibiting high willingness. Vaccine safety concerns and fears of long-term side effects were the most commonly reported factors influencing hesitancy. Knowledge scores differed significantly by age, profession, and practice location, while willingness varied by marital status, religion, level of healthcare, and practice location. A weak but statistically significant positive correlation was observed between knowledge and willingness to accept HPV vaccination (r = 0.152, p = 0.002). In conclusion, healthcare workers in Anambra State demonstrated high levels of knowledge and strong willingness to support HPV vaccination, despite residual concerns and misconceptions. Strengthening targeted continuing professional education, ensuring sustained institutional support, and improving vaccine availability may further enhance healthcare worker advocacy and HPV vaccine uptake.
Dr.D.Barani Kumar, Mr.Nandhu Nishanth, Mr.R.Vignesh
The banks are growing concerns and technologies, systems, processes, and procedures are changing here and consequently the employees need to know how and adapt to a new environment or situation for why they are supposed to go through the training and development processes. The rapidly changing business environment in banking sector and the constant challenges it poses to organizations and businesses make it imperative to continuously enhance and improve knowledge and skill sets across the organization. Banks are facing several critical pressures, including a short supply of leaders, the need to develop and engage employees, and issues with turnover. This paper discusses the need got training and Development to enhance the performance of employees’ in private banks.
Dr. Siraj Basha R
This study examines how digital marketing influences the purchase decisions of young consumers, focusing on factors such as social media advertising, influencer marketing, online reviews, website quality, and personalized promotions. The data has been collected by using primary source with structured questionnaire of 300 respondents of young consumer The study focus on awareness of digital marketing on young consumer and to analyse the social media advertisement on purchase decision. The study applies statistical tools to identify key determinants of buying behaviour. Convenience sampling method has been used for the study. The findings reveal that digital marketing plays a significant role in shaping awareness, interest, and final purchase decisions, making it a critical strategy for modern businesses.
Mr Anand Kumar Gautam, Mr Divyam Saxena, Ms Poonam Choudhary
The goal is to evaluate how refractive error affects paramedical science student’s quality of life. Methods: 161 students (322 eyes) participated in a descriptive cross-sectional study. Refractive status and quality of life were evaluated using clinical refraction and a validated questionnaire. Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the data. Findings: The most common conditions were myopia (34.2%), hyperopia (7.5%), and astigmatism (34. 8%), with 23.6% being emmetropic. Females had a considerably higher prevalence of astigmatism (p = 0.01). Astigmatism had the lowest quality of life scores, followed by myopia and hyperopia (ANOVA, p = 0. 04). Conclusion: Astigmatism has the biggest detriment al impact on paramedical students' quality of life du e to refractive errors.
Ephraim Kaang'andu Belemu, Malcolm Shambana
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), operational since January 2021, represents the most ambitious trade integration initiative in African history, uniting 54 countries into a single continental market for goods and services. For Least Developed Countries (LDCs) such as Zambia, manufacturing development is central to achieving structural transformation, sustainable employment creation, and export diversification beyond primary commodities. This paper presents a systematic review of contemporary literature published since 2021 to critically assess how AfCFTA is expected to influence four key dimensions of manufacturing development: output growth, competitiveness enhancement, firm-level performance, and institutional capacity for implementation. Employing a structured literature review methodology with explicit inclusion criteria and a conceptual framework linking trade integration mechanisms to manufacturing outcomes, the review synthesises evidence from computable general equilibrium models, structural gravity analyses, policy diagnostics, and early trade data assessments. Findings indicate that while AfCFTA presents substantial opportunities for industrial expansion through market access and regional value chain integration, realising these benefits is highly conditional upon domestic productive capacity, effective trade cost reduction, and robust policy implementation. The literature reveals significant heterogeneity in projected outcomes, with manufacturing gains disproportionately favouring countries that already possess diversified industrial bases. Critically, existing studies rely heavily on simulation models and regional diagnostics, with limited country-specific empirical evidence for Zambia. By systematically synthesising recent scholarship, this paper identifies four critical knowledge gaps and establishes a robust conceptual foundation for future empirical research investigating AfCFTA's manufacturing effects within the Zambian context, proposing specific methodological approaches and data sources for such investigation.
Dr. K. Amutha, Ms. Nagapriya T P
The advancements in technology such as automation, Industry 4.0 applications, artificial intelligence, and smart manufacturing systems, have greatly influenced the functioning of motor companies in the manufacturing sector. In this dynamically changing environment, only those organizations can maintain their position in the market by continuously improving the skills of their employees through well-structured upskilling and reskilling initiatives. This study explores the effectiveness of such training programs in developing employees in manufacturing sector, with a special focus on understanding the perceptions of employee, the relevance of acquired skills, the overall impact of training on performance, and the level of support from the organization for continuous learning. The primary data was collected from the employees of various functional departments of the organization through a structured questionnaire designed to collect the real time workplace experiences. The data was analysed using statistical techniques such as percentage analysis, mean score analysis, and chi-square test to interpret the findings. The results clearly suggest that well structured training programs have a crucial role in improving the productivity of the employees, their adaptability to technological changes and the overall job satisfaction. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous skill development of workforce ensuring long-term growth and stability in organizations.
Chioma Jane Okara
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an essential tool in modern medical diagnostics that provides high-resolution, non-invasive visualization of soft tissues, the brain, spine, and musculoskeletal structures. While MRI offers exceptional diagnostic capability, maintaining high image quality and ensuring patient safety remains challenging, especially in high-volume healthcare settings. This review consolidates existing research and applied knowledge with more than ten (10) years of clinical experience to highlight strategies for optimizing MRI performance. However, key areas explored include patient safety protocols, positioning techniques, contrast agent administration, protocol standardization, and equipment calibration. Conversely, emphasis is laid on integrating technical expertise with patient-centered approaches to reduce motion artifacts, prevent adverse outcomes, and improve diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, workflow efficiency and interdisciplinary collaboration are critical components for successful MRI operations in busy hospitals. The present review concludes by providing actionable recommendations for technologists, radiologists, and healthcare institutions to enhance MRI service quality, promote patient safety, and support the effective use of imaging resources.
Anozie, H.C, Chibuzor, S. N., Madu, F. M., Nwokeabia, C.N., Odinye, A.C.
This study presents an integrated geophysical, and hydrochemical assessment of groundwater in Alor and its environs in Idemili South Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. The research utilized geological mapping, vertical electrical sounding (VES), and hydrochemical analyses to characterize the subsurface lithologies, aquifer systems, and groundwater quality. Geological mapping revealed that the area is predominantly underlain by the Nanka Formation, consisting mainly of poorly consolidated sands, claystone, siltstone, and ironstone beds. Geophysical investigations delineated five to six geo-electric layers, with aquiferous zones identified at depths of 117-155 m and resistivity values ranging from 1,213 to 5,442 Ωm. Hydrochemical results indicate that surface waters are slightly acidic, elevated biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Heavy metal (Hg, Cd, Ar, and Pb) concentrations are high, and E. Coli are found in all the samples, rendering them unsuitable for drinking without treatment. The findings collectively reveal the presence of unconfined aquifers with favourable hydrogeological conditions yet poor water quality, highlighting the need for proper treatment before domestic use. This integrated assessment contributes to improved groundwater development, sustainable water resource management, and enhanced community wellbeing.
Agustinus Noertjahyana, Juven Axel Wedianto, Stephanus Antonius Ananda
Phishing attacks have escalated significantly, necessitating robust yet cost-effective network security solutions. Addressing the limitations of static blocking in Mikrotik and the prohibitive costs of dedicated hardware firewalls, this paper proposes an automated filtering system that integrates the Random Forest Machine Learning algorithm with Mikrotik architecture via a Python-based RouterOS API. The proposed system enables dynamic monitoring of DNS caches to automatically identify and block phishing domains through firewall drop rules. Experimental evaluation involved feature selection, offline validation, and real-world deployment. Results demonstrate that the 10-feature model delivers the optimal balance between accuracy and latency, achieving 90% accuracy with an average classification time of 11.5 seconds. In live network testing, the system successfully detected and mitigated phishing threats within 7 to 21 seconds. While CPU utilization increased by 7-40% during active detection, memory efficiency remained stable. This study validates that integrating Random Forest with Mikrotik offers an adaptive, scalable, and economical solution for network-based phishing prevention.
Amelia Gonzales, Amelia T. Navejas, Anne Cicely Samar, Bryan Ray S. Solano, Haydee M. Solomon, Jayvee U. Delos Santos, Jimmy T. Masagca, Preciosa Corazon B. Pabroa, Raymond J. Sucgang, Therese Jean A. Sarabia
Scientific communication plays a vital role in increasing public understanding and acceptance of cutting-edge technologies related to environmental sustainability. This qualitative case study examines the OneLab electron beam (e-beam) awareness seminar and environmental tree planting activity conducted on 11–12 March 2025 in Aklan, Philippines. Participants included N = 48 individuals composed of teachers (n=20), students (n=10), local government unit officials (n=6), clergy/faith-based leaders (n=3), scientists/technical staff (n=5), community members (n=4). Data were collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, and analyzed using thematic coding. Findings indicate increased understanding and acceptance of e-beam technology, strengthened environmental ethics through experiential learning, and enhanced multi-sectoral collaboration. The study demonstrates that contextual science communication combined with participatory environmental action can translate advanced scientific knowledge into locally grounded practice.
Du Ningning, Mohd Syaubari Bin Othman
Based on the Scopus database, this study conducts a systematic bibliometric and visual analysis of international research on the integration of fine Traditional Chinese Culture into ideological and political education from 2016 to 2025. Using CiteSpace and Microsoft Excel as analytical tools, the study explores annual publication trends, core authorship distribution, and keyword co-occurrence and clustering to reveal the intellectual structure and research evolution of this field. Results indicate a steady growth trend, with rapid expansion after 2021 due to the dual influence of national policy and academic attention. The author collaboration network shows that scholars such as Tan Charlene H.P.. and Wang Canglong have established an international research framework centered on Confucian education, cultural identity, and civic education. Keyword clustering reveals two major thematic lines: “national identity,” representing cultural confidence and moral education, and “cosmopolitan citizen,” representing global civic education. These reflect a transition from cultural identity to cultural symbiosis. Overall, the integration of traditional Chinese culture into ideological and political education is evolving from theoretical exploration to educational practice and international dialogue. Future research should further advance theoretical construction, pedagogical innovation, and global dissemination to promote the creative transformation of Chinese culture and the modernization of ideological and political education.
Christopher Kabwe Mukuka
Faith-based organizations (FBOs) are among the most deeply embedded and socially trusted development actors in rural Sub-Saharan Africa; yet, their economic potential remains underexamined in development theory and empirical scholarship. While FBOs are frequently recognized for their contributions to education, health, and humanitarian assistance, limited attention has been given to their capacity to function as sustainable economic institutions capable of mobilizing local resources for long-term development financing. This study proposes a faith-based social entrepreneurship model that integrates smallholder agriculture with institutional financial sustainability and social welfare outcomes.
Hambala, Sheila Mae S., Merico, Crizlle Jane T., Palitoc, Ricca Mai Beatrice S., Ramos, Andrea Dane A.
Visually impaired individuals face significant challenges in independently managing their medications due to the inaccessibility of standard prescription labels, often resulting in medication errors and poor adherence. To address this gap, Braille Prescription Medication (BPM) labels were introduced to promote autonomy and safety in medication use. This study aimed to determine the levels of knowledge, perception, and satisfaction among visually impaired young adults after utilizing BPM labels, and to assess the relationships among these variables. A post-test quasi-experimental design was employed, involving thirty (30) visually impaired young adults selected through purposive sampling. Braille-integrated labels were developed and applied to selected over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. A validated questionnaire measured respondents’ knowledge, perception, and satisfaction. Findings revealed BPM labels moderately enhanced knowledge (overall mean 0.75), with excellent comprehension of basic details like brand name (1.00) but poor understanding of side effects (0.267). Perception was low (overall mean 1.60), reflecting limited prior exposure, while satisfaction was very high (overall mean 4.76), boosting independence and adherence. Correlations were negligible, indicating satisfaction stems from practical use rather than prior awareness. The integration of BPM labels effectively enhanced medication understanding and satisfaction among visually impaired young adults. Despite limited prior exposure, the initiative fostered independence and confidence, underscoring the need for broader implementation and greater advocacy for accessible labeling systems.
Evelyn Makena Mugambi, George Ochieng Otieno, John Oyore
Vulnerable groups, including those living in extreme poverty, older persons (OP), people with disabilities (PWD), orphaned children (OVC), and the chronically ill, encounter considerable and frequently neglected obstacles to obtaining safe, reliable and sufficient Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) services. The Kenyan government’s Cash Transfer Program, which targets vulnerable households of OP (70+), PWD, and OVC, aims to alleviate poverty and social exclusion. This study assessed WASH access among vulnerable households participating in a cash transfer program and identified factors associated with individual-level WASH access among OP and PWD. The study, conducted in Makueni County, Kenya, utilized both qualitative and quantitative approaches, administering individual questionnaires to 223 participants. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Findings revealed low levels of access to basic WASH services among OP, PWD, and OVC households: 43.0% for basic water, 11.3% for basic sanitation, and 19.3% for basic hygiene. Many older persons faced challenges in accessing water, sanitation, and bathing facilities independently, particularly among those aged 71–80, among whom 38% were unable to collect water and over 80% required assistance with sanitation and bathing. Age was significantly associated with all measured WASH accessibility outcomes, whereas other factors, such as income, distance, and facility proximity, influenced specific aspects of WASH access. These results highlight the limited access to basic WASH services among vulnerable households enrolled in the cash transfer program. The inability to independently use WASH facilities underscores the disparity between available infrastructure and its practical usability for household members, particularly those with functional limitations such as OP and PWD. The study advocates for intra-household WASH monitoring using disaggregated data and the development of inclusive WASH facility designs and targeted subsidies for WASH supplies to ensure no vulnerable individuals are left behind.
Kingsley O. Asomugha, Esq.
This article examines the 3 January 2026 U.S. operation in Caracas—Operation Absolute Resolve—and argues that the episode exposes a fundamental contradiction at the heart of contemporary international law. While Article 2(1) of the UN Charter proclaims the sovereign equality of states, the unilateral capture and extrajudicial transfer of a sitting head of state reveal how power politics can hollow out legal norms. Drawing on doctrinal analysis, comparative case studies, and contemporaneous political and legal documents, the paper reconstructs the facts of the intervention, interrogates the U.S. framing of the action as a law-enforcement measure rather than an act of war, and situates the episode within broader trends of great-power exceptionalism. The analysis assesses regional reactions, the implications for diplomatic immunity and state responsibility, and the potential long-term effects on multilateral institutions. The article concludes that the 2026 intervention not only undermines the normative claim of sovereign equality but also accelerates a shift toward conditional sovereignty, with significant consequences for the stability and legitimacy of the post-1945 international order.
Dr. D. Sripriya
The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the isolation, identification and screening of bacteria with high cellulase activity from soil samples. Cellulase degrading bacteria were isolated from soil sample using serial dilution and pour plate method. It indicated that favourable fermentation conditions and the selection of a suitable growth medium played a key role in the production of cellulase from newly isolated Cellulase sp. Due to its particular characteristics this enzyme will be used in saccharification process for bioethanol production from plant biomasses. An accurate and precise method for the assay of cellulase activity in soil was developed. It involves determination of the reducing sugars produced when a soil sample is incubated with acetate buffer, carboxy methyl cellulase (CMC), and toluene.
Md. Josim Uddin, Muhammad Shahriar Shameem
This research critically examines the legal framework and judicial application of Section 167 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 in Bangladesh focusing on the delicate balance between effective criminal investigation and the constitutional guarantees of personal liberty and due process. Although Section 167 was designed to ensure judicial oversight in cases where investigations cannot be completed within twenty-four hours, its frequent misuse has raised concerns regarding arbitrary detention, custodial torture and prolonged pre-trial incarceration.Using a doctrinal and critical analytical methodology, the study evaluates statutory provisions, constitutional safeguards under Articles 31, 32, 33, and 35 and key judicial pronouncements shaping the modern interpretation of pre-trial detention. The findings reveal systemic inconsistencies in police procedure, gaps in judicial scrutiny and structural barriers that undermine detainee rights. The research argues for a rightscentric reform of Section 167, proposing stronger judicial monitoring, stricter standards for remand and enhanced safeguards against custodial abuse. Overall, the study seeks to contribute to ongoing debates on criminal justice reform in Bangladesh by emphasizing the need for a more transparent, accountable and constitutionally compliant remand system.
Mr. Arshad Rahman, Mr. Serine Sebastian, Mrs. Aghila SB, Ms. Ananya NK, Ms. Aneeta MR, Ms. Sruthy Jayan, Shine Thomas
Family planning refers to a conscious effort by couples to limit or space their children through contraceptive methods. It addresses maternal reproductive health by promoting adequate birth spacing, preventing unwanted pregnancies and abortions, reducing sexually transmitted infections, and enhancing the quality of life for mothers, fetuses, and families overall. This study assessed knowledge of and attitudes toward permanent family planning methods among men of reproductive age. Specific objectives included evaluating knowledge levels, attitude levels, and associations between demographic factors and these variables. The conceptual framework drew on the Health Belief Model, with data collected via a sociodemographic proforma, a semi-structured knowledge questionnaire, and a Likert attitude scale.
Anadozie Chimdindu Emmanuel, Chiejine Gibson Ifechukwude, Ezidiegwu Onyinye Diana, Igwebike Uchenna Nwanneka, Judith U. Anadu, Nnaemeka Emmanuel Akubue, Nnebue Chinonso, Nwankwo Augustine Ugochukwu, Okaro Chijioke, Sibeudu Nnaemeka, Ugwunweze Jacinta I.
Communicable diseases remain a major public health concern in Nigeria, especially among market traders who face daily exposure to infection risks. This study assessed the knowledge and practice of preventive measures against communicable diseases among traders in Anambra State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 285 traders selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested, interviewer-administered, and validated questionnaire. Analysis was performed using IBM-SPSS version 27, employing descriptive statistics and chi-square tests at a 5% significance level. The respondents were predominantly between 25–44 years (mean age: 38±12 years), with males constituting 61.1%. Most were Christians (83.2%), married (47.7%), and educated up to the secondary level (39.3%). Awareness of communicable diseases was high (94.0%), with television (73.9%), friends (61.0%), and radio (60.7%) as major information sources. Although 91.3% knew about proper handwashing and 84.1% about environmental sanitation, only 7.4% demonstrated good knowledge. However, 88.8% practiced at least one preventive measure especially handwashing (90.5%) and body hygiene (71.5%). Poor practice was attributed to disbelief in preventive measures (61.1%) and ignorance (58.3%). Factors such as negligence (OR=0.380, p=0.038) and laziness (OR=0.308, p=0.025) significantly affected preventive practices. Marital status was significantly associated with practice levels (p=0.05), and males attended more health talks than females (p=0.004). Despite high awareness, there was a gap between knowledge and actual preventive practices, influenced by negligence, laziness, and misconceptions. Continuous health education, targeted seminars, and community-based interventions are recommended to improve compliance with preventive measures among traders.
Mr Farhan Muneer, Mrs Fathima Sherif, Mrs Saleeka Sherin, Ms Fathimath Simla, Ms Shahana Sharin, Shine Thomas
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are commonly used worldwide to treat minor ailments without prescriptions. As their accessibility grows, self-medication has become common among adults, offering convenient relief and easing healthcare demands, though misuse risks adverse reactions, hidden serious illnesses, and interactions. A descriptive design assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of OTC use via closed-ended self-administered questionnaires and Likert scales. The sample included 100 adults aged 21-40 from KMCT hospital, selected through non-probability convenience sampling, with tools covering demographics, knowledge (semi-structured), attitudes (Likert), and practices (self-structured). Data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics. Most participants demonstrated good knowledge of OTC medicines, moderate attitudes toward their use, and moderate practices. Practice levels showed significant associations with variables like age.
Mui Yee Cheok, Zhang Zelin
Higher education institutions (HEIs) increasingly depend on innovation to navigate digital transformation, resource constraints, and rising performance accountability. Although leadership is widely viewed as a managerial lever for enabling innovation, empirical evidence in HEIs remains fragmented across overlapping leadership labels and unevenly defined innovation outcomes. This study synthesises quantitative evidence on the association between leadership practices and innovation-related outcomes in HEIs using a random-effects meta-analysis. A multi-database search of Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, CNKI, and Google Scholar identified 16 independent studies that met pre-defined inclusion and auditability criteria, retaining only extractable zero-order correlations with verifiable sample sizes. Leadership constructs were consolidated into three mechanism-based practice families (change/energising/developmental; enabling/condition-building; strategic orchestration/ambidexterity), and innovation outcomes were organised using a tiered framework spanning behavioural/process enactment and innovation performance/output. Effect sizes were synthesised on Fisher’s z and back-transformed to r for interpretation. The pooled association between leadership practices and innovation-related outcomes was positive (r ≈ 0.52, 95% CI ≈ 0.43–0.59), indicating that stronger leadership practice exposure is linked to higher innovation outcomes in HEIs. Heterogeneity was substantial (I² > 90%), suggesting meaningful contextual variation across institutional settings and study designs. Subgroup analyses across leadership families, outcome tiers, and an institutional configuration proxy (China vs non China) were directionally consistent but did not provide decisive contrast evidence under modest subgroup sizes. Findings provide an evidence-based correlational benchmark for education leadership research and support practical governance guidance for university leaders seeking to strengthen innovation conditions.
Dr. Alemar Dela Rosa Betito
This study examined the relationships among leadership styles, Total Quality Management (TQM) integration, and operational excellence in business and academic institutions, with TQM integration analyzed as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative descriptive–correlational and explanatory research design, data were gathered through a structured survey administered to respondents from selected business organizations and academic institutions. Leadership styles were operationalized in terms of transformational, transactional, and participative leadership, while TQM integration and operational excellence were measured using established multidimensional indicators. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation analysis. The results indicated that leadership styles were generally practiced at a high level, with transformational and participative leadership more prevalent than transactional leadership. TQM integration and operational excellence were also rated high overall; however, employee involvement, process management, efficiency, and continuous performance improvement were rated at moderate levels, suggesting uneven institutionalization of quality practices. The findings further revealed significant positive relationships between leadership styles and TQM integration, with transformational and participative leadership showing stronger associations. Regression analysis confirmed that TQM integration significantly influences operational excellence, while mediation analysis demonstrated that TQM integration partially mediates the relationship between leadership styles and operational excellence. These results highlight the critical role of leadership-driven TQM integration in enhancing operational performance and provide empirical support for a cross-sector model that can guide leaders, managers, and policymakers in strengthening quality management systems and achieving sustained operational excellence in both business and academic contexts.
Mr. Jerik Johny, Mrs. Fathima Shamli, Mrs. Kukkumol S, Ms. Fathima Sana, Ms. Shahla Mol, Ms. Shahla Sherin, Prof. Shine Thomas
Academic success among nursing students hinges on effective study habits, which influence learning outcomes and professional competence. This study assessed study habits among first-year BSc nursing students (N = 100) at KMCT College of Nursing, Kozhikode, Kerala. Using a demographic questionnaire and standardised study habits inventory, data were collected and analysed descriptively. Findings revealed 54% good, 43% fair, 2% poor, and 1% excellent study habits; a significant gender association emerged (p < .05), with no other demographic influences.
Brito, Elyse G, Huyocan, Charlotte C, Maro, Michelle Wendy R, Prado, Joann B., Salvador, Meryl Francis, Stella Marie J. Gonzaga-Galicia
This study aimed to assess the level of awareness and willingness of allied health students in Basic Filipino Sign Language (FSL) and to examine their relationships and differences based on selected demographic factors, including age, sex, year level, program, and prior FSL background. The results served as the basis for developing an enhanced program plan. Despite the growing Deaf population and official recognition of FSL in the Philippines, its limited inclusion in education and healthcare training contributes to unequal access to quality healthcare. A descriptive, correlational, and comparative research design was employed. Data were collected from 257 allied health students enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), Bachelor of Science in Midwifery (BSM), and Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Therapy (BSRT) programs using a self-designed and carefully modified questionnaire. Stratified sampling was applied, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rho, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Findings revealed a moderate level of awareness of basic FSL (median = 3.00), with students recognizing its importance in Deaf communication and healthcare, although gaps were observed in legal knowledge, Deaf culture, and practical application. Willingness to learn FSL was very high (median = 4.00) and did not significantly differ across groups (p > 0.05). Awareness demonstrated a weak negative correlation with age (p = -0.0226, p < 0.001) and significant differences across year level (p = 0.003), program (p < 0.001), and prior FSL background (p = 0.044), with notable differences among selected student groups. The study concluded that allied health students exhibit high willingness to learn and use basic FSL, recognizing its crucial role in effective communication with the Deaf community and promoting inclusive healthcare. Nevertheless, certain aspects of awareness remain limited. Implementation of an enhanced program is recommended to strengthen awareness and further support students’ engagement with basic FSL.
Eduardo S. Yabut
This study examined the extent of implementation of School Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (SDRRM) in coastal public schools in Pampanga, Philippines. Utilizing a descriptive research design, the study assessed SDRRM practices across four key dimensions, Safe Learning Facilities, School Disaster Management, Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience Education, and Coastal School Risk Management; through the perspectives of school heads, SDRRM coordinators, and faculty club representatives. Respondents’ profiles were analyzed based on designation, school level, school size, number of SDRRM trainings attended, and years of involvement in SDRRM.
Asfaq Basha M, Chantrasekhar R, Janani A M, Tamil Kumaran R
Background: The Siddha system of medicine is founded on principles practiced since time immemorial by the greatest philosophers, the Siddhars. It primarily focuses on curing diseases at their root by addressing the three humors: Vatha, Pitha, and Kabam. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of alchemy to enhance the effectiveness of medicines. They emphasize the alchemy of Siddha medicine not only to practice it but also to enhance its effectiveness and superiority in purifying raw materials to their best form. Thurusu Chunnam, revered as the "Guru Chunnam," holds a pivotal role in Siddha medicine and Siddha Alchemy. This review compiles various preparation methods from existing literature on the subject. It plays a key role in diverse medicinal processes and improves alchemical practices, effectively addressing complex health issues. Various preparation methods highlight the challenges inherent in mastering Thurusu Chunnam, yet straightforward techniques are provided for efficacy. The paper explores ingredient lists and procedures for preparation, showcasing its transformative properties, including interactions with turmeric that change color and applications that can transmute metals into gold. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity for practical evaluations of its preparation methods while acknowledging the support of various contributors and literature sources that have bolstered this research. The academic references reflect a comprehensive exploration of Siddha medicinal literature, supporting the intricate study of Thurusu Chunnam and its myriad applications. Objective: This study aims to gather and present information from diverse sources, detailing the preparation processes of Thurusu Chunnam. Result:This review provides comprehensive insights into the preparation and multiple processes involved in making Thurusu Chunnam.
Mahadevan V, Saraswady D
Reliable spectrum sensing is a critical function in Cognitive Radio Wireless Sensor Networks (CRWSNs), where unlicensed Secondary Users (SUs) opportunistically access licensed bands without causing harmful interference to Primary Users (PUs). Classical sensing techniques, such as energy detection and cyclostationary analysis, suffer from poor robustness under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and fading conditions and impose high computational overhead on resource-constrained sensor nodes. This paper presents a machine learning–driven spectrum sensing framework that comparatively analyzes Logistic Regression, k Nearest Neighbor, and a Few-Shot Learning (FSL)–based Prototypical Network. At the fusion center, sensing data are transformed into a ten-dimensional radio-frequency feature vector derived from multi-domain descriptors, including detected energy, estimated SNR, channel center frequency, RSSI variance, cyclostationary spectral correlation features, adjacent-channel power ratios, and average primary user presence probability. Logistic Regression and k-Nearest Neighbor serve as baseline models, highlighting the limitations of conventional supervised learning in non-linear and data-scarce environments. To address these limitations, the proposed FSL-based Prototypical Network learns a compact embedding space and class prototypes using episodic training, enabling robust classification with very few labeled samples. Simulations carried out over the 470–698 MHz UHF band under Rayleigh fading conditions demonstrate that the proposed FSL model significantly outperforms the baseline methods, achieving 94.0 % accuracy, a probability of detection of 93.8%, a probability of false alarm of 5.7 %, and an ROC–AUC of 98.0 %. These results indicate that the proposed approach is well suited for dynamic CRWSN deployments.
Blessing Winny Anakwuba, Ebele Stella Nwokoye, Edeh Charles Chinonso, Monday Clement Ahiaba
Maternal mortality continues to be one of the most enduring public health problems in Nigeria, despite decades of economic reforms and health sector responses. Macroeconomic conditions are well known to be important determinants of health outcomes, yet little empirical evidence exists on how economic fluctuations influence maternal mortality, especially in developing countries. The study examines the asymmetric influence of key macroeconomic variables: economic growth, inflation, and unemployment on maternal mortality in Nigeria between 1986 and 2023. Drawing on the preston curve and the economic opportunity theory, the study employs the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) technique to estimate short-run and long-run dynamics while differentiating between positive and negative macroeconomic shocks. The results indicate substantial nonlinearities: adverse macroeconomic shocks are associated with higher maternal mortality, particularly through rising inflation and unemployment, while gains in macroeconomic conditions yield comparatively weaker effects. Health system factors, such as prenatal care coverage and the quality of institutions, buffer these effects to a degree but still prove inadequate under unstable economic conditions. The findings suggest that Nigerian maternal survival is highly sensitive to macroeconomic volatility. The study therefore highlights the need for coordinated macroeconomic stabilization, provision of maternal health services, and institutional strengthening in order to realize sustained reduction in maternal mortality and accelerate progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.
Dg. Junaidah Awang Jambol, Mohd Waliuddin Mohd Razali, Nurauni Ugong, Nurulasyikin Hassan
This study offers the first comprehensive bibliometric mapping of historical scholarship on Borneo, Brunei, and the Sulu region over the past three decades. Using a rigorously curated dataset of 298 publications indexed in Scopus and Web of Science, the analysis applies ScientoPy to examine publication trends, document types, prolific source titles, dominant research themes, conceptual models, institutional contributions, and highly cited works. The findings reveal a clear maturation of the field, with modest and sporadic output in the 1990s giving way to sustained growth from the mid-2000s and a marked acceleration after 2012, reflecting increasing international engagement and interdisciplinary integration. Peer-reviewed journal articles dominate the corpus, indicating a strong orientation toward high-impact scholarly dissemination. Key publication venues include the Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Quaternary Science Reviews, and JEBAT, which collectively anchor historical, archaeological, and interdisciplinary research on the region. Thematic analysis demonstrates a shift from descriptive, locality-focused narratives toward broader approaches encompassing prehistoric human mobility, colonial and imperial encounters, environmental governance, maritime networks, and transboundary regional histories. Despite this diversification, the limited application of explicit theoretical frameworks illustrated by the marginal presence of the Bayanihan model highlights an underdeveloped dimension of conceptual engagement. Overall, this study provides a systematic overview of the intellectual structure and evolution of Borneo-Brunei-Sulu historiography and identifies critical gaps and future directions for advancing high-impact, interdisciplinary historical research in Island Southeast Asia.
Okigbo, Ferdinand Chukwunwike
This paper presents a theological reflection on Ignatius of Antioch’s Epistle to the Romans, one of the earliest Christian texts articulating martyrdom as a radical expression of discipleship. Rather than offering a formal historical-critical investigation, the reflection meditates on Ignatius’ spiritual and theological vision of suffering as imitation of Christ, Eucharistic self-offering, and interior freedom. By engaging Ignatius’ language, metaphors, and pastoral concerns, the essay explores how his understanding of martyrdom continues to illuminate Christian witness in contemporary contexts marked by fear of sacrifice and moral compromise. The reflection concludes by suggesting that Ignatius’ vision of martyrdom-understood not only as physical death but also as daily fidelity to Christ-remains spiritually and pastorally significant for the Church today.
Engr. Bernard C. Fabro, Jefferson V. Dacpano, John Laurence F. Fabrero, Joshua Philip U. Pascual, Mark Daniel A. Tomale, Robin Ace C. Golez
The growing demand for reliable and sustainable energy sources has intensified the need to optimized photovoltaic systems, particularly for device back-up power applications. Standard fixed solar panels are bounded by their inability to continuously align with the sun, causing reduced energy capture over the course of the day. To address this limitation, this study presents the development of an automated, foldable dual-axis solar tracking system using an approach utilizing mechatronics principles to enhance photovoltaic energy yield. The primary objective of this research is to design, develop, and evaluate a compact and portable solar tracking system endowed with the ability to automatically adjust its orientation along both azimuth and elevation axes. The system incorporates light-dependent resistors (LDRs) for solar position detection, a microcontroller-based control unit for decision-making, and 180° servo motors for precise angle mechanical movement. A foldable structural design is integrated to improve portability, ease of storage, and protection of components during non-operation. An experimental method was utilized, pertaining to system fabrication, programming, and performance testing under field conditions. Core performance parameters, including voltage, current, and power output were analyzed and compared relative to a fixed solar panel setup operating under similar environmental conditions. The results demonstrate that the outlined dual-axis solar tracking system produces a significantly higher energy output than the fixed panel, demonstrating its effectiveness in optimizing solar energy collection. To conclude, the constructed automated foldable dual-axis solar tracking system effectively improves photovoltaic performance and offers a practical solution for small-scale device back-up power applications. The integration of automation, portability, and efficient energy harvesting highlights the potential of mechatronics in advancing renewable energy technologies.
Britanico, Christopher A
Microcredentials have become an increasingly high-profile competency-based qualification globally, which provides modular learning opportunities quickly, thus filling the skills gap in changing labor markets. The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) has institutionalized the inclusion of microcredentials in higher education institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines in accordance with CMO No. 1, Series of 2025 and, therefore, concordance with the Philippine Qualification Framework (PQF) Levels 5-8. This regulatory framework will increase the employability, lifelong learning and alternative routes to traditional degrees. Microcredentials, which last 40-120 hours of instruction, are digital badges that are verifiable credentials; they allow completing courses in weeks instead of years, which makes them an active complement to traditional education. However, the endemic issues remain fragmented policies between CHED, TESDA and universities, inadequacy in quality assurance, and infrastructures especially in state universities. Following an analysis of the literature in this field provides a synthesis of the major trends between 2021 and 2025 critically discussing institutional adoption, the architectures of policies, and the effects of microcredentials on conventional degree programs. Based on the experience of the first movers of microcredentialing, including the University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU), De La Salle University (DLSU), and the University of the Philippines Diliman (UPD), the review clarifies how microcredentials are operationalized, impact curriculum design, enrolment patterns, and graduate employability. Despite the accompanying advantages, there are still issues of dilution of the degrees, fragmented policy frameworks and disparities in the infrastructures. The review ends with policy harmonization recommendations, increased infrastructural capacity and effective quality assurance systems to make the most of microcredentials in Philippine higher education context.
John Dave B. Orpilla
Microplastic pollution poses persistent threats to marine ecosystems and human health via seafood consumption. This study quantified prevalence, abundance, and morphology of microplastics in shortfin scads (Decapterus macrosoma), a key pelagic fishery species, from National Stock Assessment Program (NSAP) sites in Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, and Cagayan. Twelve specimens (3/sites x 4 NSAP sites) underwent gastrointestinal tract dissection, 10% KOH digestion at 80°C, density separation, and Nile red staining under fluorescence microscopy for identification. Microplastic prevalence varied spatially: 66.67% in Pantal, Dagupan City (Pangasinan; 1-6 particles/specimen), 33.33% in Palawig, Sta. Ana (Cagayan) and Poblacion 1, Pagudpud (Ilocos Norte; 1-2 particles), and 0% in Taggat Norte, Claveria (Cagayan). Dominant forms were fragments (irregular shapes) and fibers (linear), exhibiting intense orange fluorescence indicative of synthetic polymers. Findings establish baseline contamination patterns linked to coastal anthropogenic activities, highlighting risks to food safety and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). Enhanced monitoring, waste management, and polymer-specific analyses are recommended to mitigate pelagic fishery impacts.
Althea M. Llave, Chena Ann V. Dela Cruz, Maricar G. Edrada, Meshelle N. Fabro, Razee Jewel M. Blancaflor
This research developed a Sound-Responsive Smart Lighting System, enhancing home automation and energy efficiency. Utilizing an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller, an ACE6467 microphone sensor, and an ACE6363 5V relay module to operate a 220V bulb. The authors developed the control logic directly within the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE), creating a program that processed acoustic signals and converted them into digital commands to toggle the light’s state. The primary objective was to enhance accessibility for individuals with limited mobility while reducing the reliance on physical contact for device operation. Systematic testing was conducted in a controlled indoor environment to evaluate the performance of various auditory triggers, including claps, finger snaps, and object tapping, across distances ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 meters. Experimental results indicated that the system achieved “Excellent” responsiveness when triggered by a single clap up to a maximum effective range of 2.0 meters. However, performance significantly declined with higher-frequency sounds like snapping or tapping at distances beyond 0.5 meters, revealing limitations in sensor sensitivity and environmental noise interference.
Kenneth George L. Malejana, Kianne Mari R. Animas, Klarenze Naïve J Nervez, Maurice Robie O. Merin, Meshelle N. Fabro
Automatic door systems are designed to reduce manual effort and improve accessibility, safety, and convenience in public and private spaces. This study presents the design and development of a Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System using an Arduino microcontroller, sensors, and motor control to detect object presence and operate the garage door automatically. Related studies by Orji et al. (2019) and Gupta et al. (2020) demonstrate that ultrasonic and infrared sensors integrated with Arduino platforms provide reliable and low-cost solutions for door automation. A descriptive–experimental research design was employed to develop and evaluate the proposed system in a controlled environment using a toy as the triggering object. The system performance was assessed in terms of sensor detection accuracy, response time, and reliability of the door opening and closing mechanism. Results indicate that the Arduino-based system responds efficiently to object detection and performs consistent door automation. The study contributes to existing research on embedded systems by demonstrating a simple, affordable, and educational approach to motion-activated garage door automation.
Kavuriel Eliyas Karunakaran
Uterine leiomyoma (Fibroids) that occurs in pregnant women, on occasion, undergoes degeneration and causes sharp pain. Analgesics and a number of home remedies, including local soothing measures, are the recommended form of treatment. Surgery is generally avoided. However, for those women, the pain is persistent, and surgical removal is the only option. We reported a Case of a pregnant woman who presented at thirteen weeks’ gestation with abdominal pain due to a degenerative fibroid. She was initially managed with analgesics and some home measures. The pain persisted, and thus, resorted to surgical management at the fifteenth week of gestation. Three leiomyomas were removed. All showed degenerative changes. The blood loss was 100 ml. This is the third case we performed, all with satisfactory outcomes. The pregnancy is progressing well now at thirty weeks of gestation. We also analyze literature reviews involving a significant number of articles and cases. All these revealed a similar pattern in the presentation, surgical management, and histology reports. Complications were minimal. No maternal death was reported. Pregnancy outcome was satisfactory. Therefore, myomectomy in pregnancy should become a routine form of management in cases that present with the complication of pain, not relieved by analgesics and other measures.
Munashe Felix Mudhindi, Qiniso Ndlovu
The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented disruption in the higher education sector, compelling university educators in Zimbabwe to rapidly shift from conventional face-to-face teaching to remote digital instruction. This abrupt transition reshaped work arrangements and introduced new patterns of occupational health that required systematic evaluation. Although remote and blended learning enhanced flexibility and improved access to educational resources, the shift also presented notable ergonomic challenges. Many educators were forced to improvise home-based workstations that fell short of recommended ergonomic standards, resulting in discomfort, musculoskeletal strain, and broader risks to occupational well-being. This study sought to investigate the ergonomic and occupational health challenges experienced by Zimbabwean university educators post COVID-19 lockdowns, while also identifying institutional strategies implemented to support remote work and minimise ergonomic risks. A descriptive research design was utilised. Primary data were collected through interviews and questionnaires, whereas secondary data were drawn from scholarly publications, institutional websites, and other online sources. Chain referral sampling was employed to reach educators working from home across various universities. Findings reveal a significant uptake of digital teaching platforms, demonstrating adaptability and resilience among educators. However, the results also highlight a lack of adequate ergonomic adjustments within home-based work environments, contributing to increased musculoskeletal discomfort and a heightened risk of long-term health complications. Furthermore, limited institutional support in providing ergonomic equipment and formal guidelines exacerbated these challenges. The study underscores the need for universities to develop comprehensive ergonomic policies, supply adjustable workstations, and offer continuous training to promote safe and healthy remote working conditions. Strengthening ergonomic support systems is vital for sustaining educator well-being and enhancing productivity within the evolving landscape of blended and digital teaching.
Eusebio, May Ann S., Mangamte, Princes Joy P, Stella Marie J. Gonzaga-Galicia, Torres, Loren Fatima F, Trinidad, Ainous Rianne Kim V, Valenzuela, April Zusette M
This study aimed to determine the level of nonverbal communication utilization skills among nursing students and to examine its relationship with the selected demographic variables such as age, gender, place of origin, and year level. The findings served as a basis for developing an enhanced patient-communication program. Effective communication is the foundation of effective patient care. In clinical settings such as the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Psychiatric ward, and Medical-Surgical ward, patients often have difficulty expressing their needs verbally. Level 3 and 4 nursing students with extensive and specialized clinical exposure, must learn how to properly use nonverbal cues to improve patient interaction and care. A descriptive correlational and comparative research design was employed. Adapted and modified questionnaire was administered to 143 BSN Level III and IV students with clinical exposure in Psychiatric, MS, and ICU wards. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi Square Test, and Krus-Wallis Test. Findings showed that nonverbal communication was highly utilized with an overall mean score of 4.00. Vocalics had the highest level of utilization suggesting proficiency in using vocal modulation and empathetic tone as a therapeutic tool. Year level showed a weak significant relationship with kinesics utilization indicating use of body language, gestures, and facial expressions needs improvement as they advance academically. Notably, significant differences were found between vocalics utilization, age, and place of origin, suggesting that age - related experience and cultural or regional communication norms influence how students use vocal elements. The study suggests that nursing students who are level 3 and 4 demonstrated a high level of nonverbal communication utilization skills due to their academic advancement, exposure to specialized areas, and diverse patient populations. However, there are specific nonverbal skills that need further improvement. Hence, an enhanced patient-communication program is recommended to strengthen and promote effective use of nonverbal communication.
Jeymar B. Betiz, PhD
The study aimed to determine the feasibility of offering a Bachelor of Science in Information Systems (BSIS) in Bicol College, Daraga, Albay. The Bicol College has not offered any additional ICT program since it started offering a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science in 1996. The challenging circumstance facing Bicol College is determining how to positively identify the opening of the Bachelor of Science in Information Systems program, which will enhance the school's enrollment. The study wanted to discover the respondent profile and feedback concerning the offering of a Bachelor of Science in Information Systems at Bicol College, Daraga, Albay; additionally, it sought to determine the institution's weaknesses as well as strengths in student demand, strategic management, financial aspects, and operational aspects. Objectives are the following: (1) Identify the current labor demands for BSIS graduates at the local, national, and international levels. (2) To determine the strengths and weaknesses of Bicol College opening a new program, Bachelor of Science in Information Systems (BSIS), in terms of: Program Administrator, Faculty Members with required qualifications, Library Resources, Laboratory Facilities / Equipment, and Support Services. (3) To determine the viability of the program in terms of: Enrollees' challenges and opportunities, Return on Investment (ROI), Library Resources, Budget and Financial Analysis, and Potential Impact.
Shigee Kalladithodi
The sustainability of agriculture is thought to be threatened by the scarcity of water resources in arid and semiarid regions. Modernization and industrial pollution have increased and polluted the soil. Modern agriculture with the help of inorganic fertilizer and pesticides degrades the soil quality resulting in the decrease yield in the agriculture. Soil amendment is one of the approaches to improve the quality of the soil in the natural process. Organic wastes are collected, processed and used as a soil amendment. This review focused on the different types of organic soil amendment used to increase the physio-chemical properties of the soil.
C.L. Avadhani
The concept and practice of Sangyaharan (Anesthesia), widely believed to be a Western innovation of the 19th century, finds its earliest roots and most sophisticated origins in ancient India; Long before the advent of modern anesthetic techniques, Acharya Sushruta (circa 600 BCE), known as the Father of Surgery and Plastic Surgery, described and implemented to keep the patient under sedation for painless surgical procedures and pain management as recorded by Acharya Sushruta in his Sushruta Samhita. This foundational Ayurvedic text outlines the use of Madyapanam (intoxicating drinks such as wine) combined with herbal medicines (sedatives) including Cannabis sativa (Bhang), Acorus calamus (Vacha), Nardostachysjatamansi (Jatamansi), Hyoscyamus niger (ParasikaYavani), and others to induce insensibility and pain relief. Sushruta’s pioneering approach to pain management not only enabled over 300 types of surgical operations—including rhinoplasty, cataract extraction, and intestinal repairs—but also introduced the first systematic preoperative, operative, and postoperative protocols emphasizing patient comfort, safety, and consent. This review traces the evolution of anesthesia from its early evidences in ancient civilizations— Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, and Indian—to its modern refinement through the use of ether, chloroform, and nitrous oxide in the 19th century. The manuscript underscores that Acharya Sushruta’s Sangyaharan laid the conceptual and practical foundation for modern anesthesiology. Through meticulous documentation and use of natural sedatives, analgesics, and nerve-desensitizing agents, ancient Indian medicine achieved highly advanced pain management practices that predate Western scientific anesthesia. Thus, the study establishes India’s crucial and pioneering role in the origin and evolution of anesthesia as a medical discipline.
Jan Jarrel B. Gillego, Jerrica Ysabelle L. Tecson, Kristine Alaizah D. Arcede, Maria Laureice B. Ferrer, Olive D. Acierto, Trianna V. Apolinario
This thesis explored the perceptions, experiences, and health implications of consuming pagpag—salvaged food from fast-food establishments—among young adults in Barangay 105, Zone 8, Tondo, Manila. Despite its health risks, including foodborne diseases and nutritional deficiencies, pagpag serves as a low-cost and accessible food source for those facing economic hardship. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combined qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys to assess the physio-psychological and nutritional impacts of pagpag consumption. Findings showed that financial constraints were the primary driver behind pagpag consumption, with affordability and availability outweighing health concerns. While key informants acknowledged the risks, the lack of affordable alternatives sustains the practice. The study revealed that pagpag consumption is normalized within families and communities, influenced by socio-economic conditions and cultural practices. It contributed to nutritional deficiencies and heightened vulnerability to foodborne illnesses, while also fostering stigma and anxiety. This research advocated for public health interventions to address the health risks of pagpag and improve food security in marginalized communities, advancing the objectives of Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being).
Ailya Avriel Anne C. Enriquez, Amparo T. Miguel, Ashley M. Novicio, Charles Jobille B. Mendoza, Julia Nicole A. Escala, Raemarc Aaron E. Andres
To investigate the relationship between perceived stress and the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in a selected institution. The pressure, often arising from academic upcoming tests, heavy workload, social expectations, interpersonal conflicts, money management, tuition, allowance, etc. Has been linked to a rise in stress and mental health challenges among students. And exploring the potential of mindfulness-based practices to alleviate perceived stress and foster resilience in students across different academic stages, Quantitative descriptive-correlational design, surveying 155 college undergraduate students aged 18 to 40 years in Mary Chiles College, selected through stratified proportional random sampling. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents are young (64.5% aged 18–21), predominantly female (81.3%), and mostly enrolled in the BS Nursing program (74.8%), indicating a student-centered, health-related academic setting. All academic year levels were equally represented, ensuring balanced insights across cohorts. Most participants are single (95.5%), unemployed (76.1%), and live with their parents (59.4%), suggesting a high level of dependence and limited financial autonomy, which is typical of full-time students. The religious composition is largely Catholic (81.3%), reflecting the dominant faith in the Philippines, with minority groups including Muslims, Iglesia ni Cristo members, and others. The overall profile highlights a youthful, female-majority population strongly rooted in family and traditional support systems, offering a focused lens into the experiences and perspectives of students in healthcare-related programs. The researchers recommended a comprehensive program that can be called “RISE-UP” to foster mental well-being and emotional strength among the students. The RISE-UP stands for Resilience, Self Worth, Empowerment and Purpose”. That has a 3 phase, by having these phases the program ensures that students develop not only coping strategies but a life built on purpose, relationships, and inner strength and cultivate a resilient, compassionate, and empowered student body capable of thriving both in and beyond the classroom.
Paul Ndunelo
Smoking continues to be a significant issue of public health in the whole world, with low- and middle-income countries showing a disproportionate number of adult male users. In Nigeria, the prevalence of smoking is high in Lagos State, among the adult men, but very little is known about their perception towards smoking and willingness to quit. This paper examines the beliefs, attitudes, and cessation factors and beliefs on smoking behavior among adult male smokers in Lagos. A cross-sectional survey involving 200 adult males who smoke was quantitative, and it was carried out with the use of a structured questionnaire in Google Forms that was shared on WhatsApp and Facebook. The information gathered was in terms of socio-demographics, perceptions towards health risks, cultural and social factors and quitting smoking readiness. The analysis showed that even though the majority of the respondents have knowledge about the health risks of smoking, the fact of smoking is socially accepted, and commonly linked to masculinity, stress management, and peer acceptance. Personal health concerns, family and social support, cessation programs availability, as well as economic factors contribute to readiness to quit, whereas stress, previous unsuccessful efforts, and peer pressure are barriers. The results indicate a considerable difference between the level of knowledge regarding the health risks and the real quitting behavior, with the accent made on the role of cultural, social, and psychological factors. The research finds that personalized, situational-based interventions based on inaccurate beliefs, social norms, and psychological issues and barriers are necessary to enhance the rates of cessation. The findings can be used by policymakers, health practitioners in the community, and health practitioners to implement policies that will reduce the prevalence of smoking and its related health costs in adult male smokers in Lagos, Nigeria.
Edward Elias Buganga, Gabriel Mathew Athumani, Moabu Jimmy Chandafa, Rashid Ramadhani Mzambili, Yan Zhang
Despite numerous initiatives aimed at enhancing educational access, street children persist in facing significant barriers to getting and benefiting from schooling. This phenomenological study examines the lived experiences and views of 33 caretakers with 1-5 years of experience in mentoring street children. The study primarily investigates caretakers' perceptions of the relevance, values, and the effects of these perspectives on street children’s education. The results show that caretakers see education as an important need that can help street children change behavior. Positive perceptions from caretakers influence school attendance among street children, facilitate opportunities for higher education and shaping their destiny. On the other hand, caregivers' unfavorable views might make things worse, leading to poverty and social exclusion for street children. The report recommends the formulation of a tailored curriculum for street children, the training of dedicated educators, and the establishment of permanent settlements, all intended to enhance their educational advancement.
G. Shiyamala, M. Maghimaa, Prakash Balu, S. Selvakumar
Cissus quadrangularis salt (Pirandai uppu) is a traditional Siddha formulation widely used for gastrointestinal, inflammatory, and bone-related disorders, yet scientific validation remains limited. This study aimed to standardize and evaluate the formulation through physicochemical characterization, phytochemical profiling, chromatographic analysis, and assessment of antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The salt was prepared using traditional incineration and aqueous extraction methods. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, solubility, and water-soluble ash content were determined, while qualitative phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were employed for bioactive profiling. Antibacterial activity was assessed against clinically relevant intestinal pathogens using the agar well diffusion method, and antioxidant potential was evaluated using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The formulation exhibited a strongly alkaline pH (10.3) and high water-soluble ash content (92%), indicating enhanced mineral bioavailability. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and cardiac glycosides. The salt demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Shigella dysenteriae and Proteus spp. and showed strong antioxidant activity (90.45% DPPH inhibition; IC₅₀ = 23.28 µg/mL). These findings scientifically support the traditional use of Pirandai uppu and provide baseline data for quality control and further investigations.
Arisandi Dwiharto, Eileen Aisya Amrita
Heavy metal contamination in river systems poses persistent environmental and public health challenges, particularly in humid tropical regions where high rainfall, intensive land use, and dynamic hydrological processes exacerbate pollutant mobility and ecological vulnerability. Conventional remediation approaches are often energy-intensive, costly, and associated with secondary environmental impacts. In response, phytoremediation has emerged as a nature-based solution that aligns with cleaner production principles by integrating pollution mitigation with ecological restoration. This article critically examines phytoremediation as a sustainable strategy for mitigating heavy metal contamination in humid tropical river systems. Drawing on evidence from aquatic macrophytes, riparian vegetation, mangrove ecosystems, and plant–microbial interactions, the study highlights the effectiveness of phytoremediation in removing and stabilizing metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, and Zn. The role of microbial communities in enhancing remediation efficiency through nutrient cycling and pollutant transformation is also explored. The findings demonstrate that phytoremediation offers a low-energy, low-emission, and ecologically restorative alternative to conventional remediation methods, contributing to cleaner river systems and long-term environmental resilience. The article concludes by proposing an integrated phytoremediation framework that supports cleaner production, sustainable river management, and nature-based environmental governance in humid tropical regions.
Benyahia Samir, Deradj Salah Eddine
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumor of the salivary glands, predominantly arising from the major salivary glands. Its occurrence in the nasopharynx, originating from the minor salivary glands, is extremely rare and may lead to diagnostic delay due to non-specific clinical presentation. We report the case of a 57-year-old man who presented with progressive unilateral conductive hearing loss associated with persistent aural fullness. Nasopharyngoscopic examination revealed a smooth, well-circumscribed mass arising from the left lateral wall of the nasopharynx and partially obstructing the Eustachian tube orifice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a well-defined lesion with moderate T2 hyperintensity and moderate contrast enhancement, without invasion of adjacent structures. Histopathological examination of an endoscopic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands. The patient underwent complete surgical excision via a transoral approach with clear margins. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and no recurrence was observed during a five-year clinical and endoscopic follow-up.
Rheychold J. Daymiel, Rhodora Lee S. Chiong
This study explored the lived experiences of police officers assigned to Cybercrime Units in Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay, and Zamboanga City. Using a descriptive–qualitative phenomenological design, the researchers employed purposive sampling to identify investigators with direct experience in cybercrime investigation, and gathered data using a semi-structured interview guide. The narratives were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2021) thematic analysis, leading to eight major themes: technological resource limitations, legal and procedural constraints, organizational capacity constraints, low public digital literacy, personal stress management, strengthening team collaboration, adaptive resourcefulness, and supportive work culture. Findings revealed that cybercrime investigators face significant barriers such as outdated forensic tools, rigid warrant processes, inconsistent legal guidelines, overwhelming caseloads, and persistent public susceptibility to online scams. Despite these challenges, officers demonstrated resilience through structured coping strategies, teamwork, improvisation, and continuous self-learning. Their experiences underscore the need for upgraded technological infrastructure, clearer cybercrime procedures, strengthened community cybersecurity education, and enhanced welfare programs for investigators. The study affirms that effective cybercrime policing requires not only technical capability but also psychological readiness, institutional support, and collaborative governance. Ultimately, the results call for concerted action from the PNP, DILG, and the academe to reinforce digital policing capacity and ensure a more robust response to the evolving threats in the cyber landscape.
Chime N. B, Egbebike M. O, Ezeagu C. A
Reliable evaluation of in-situ concrete compressive strength remains a major challenge in civil engineering practice, particularly where destructive testing is impractical or may compromise structural integrity. Non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques, especially ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), have been widely investigated as indirect methods for assessing concrete quality and mechanical performance [1,2]. This study experimentally evaluates the use of UPV for predicting concrete compressive strength, with emphasis on comparing direct ultrasonic pulse velocity (DUPV) and surface ultrasonic pulse velocity (SUPV) measurement techniques. Sixty standard concrete cube specimens (150 × 150 × 150 mm) were produced using multiple mix proportions at a constant water–cement ratio of 0.6 and cured for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. UPV measurements were obtained using a portable ultrasonic tester and correlated with compressive strength results from standard compression testing. Linear and exponential regression models were developed and statistically validated using correlation analysis and analysis of variance. The results show a strong relationship between ultrasonic pulse velocity and compressive strength, with surface ultrasonic measurements providing superior predictive accuracy. The optimal linear model, C = 11.48S - 18.43, achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.83. The study confirms that surface UPV offers a practical and reliable approach for non-destructive estimation of concrete compressive strength.
Bagbi B. M, Njele C
Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that significantly impact on the quality of life and poses a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Effective management of asthma relies heavily on appropriate drug utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the prescription patterns of anti-asthma drugs at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Choba, Rivers State, over a four-year period (2020-2023). Specific objectives included 1) To determine the frequency and distribution of anti-asthma drug prescriptions, 2) To identify the most frequently used routes of administration, 3) To identify trends in anti-asthma drug prescription, and 4) To determining the average frequency of hospital visits by asthma patients.
Dr. Obi-Ezeani Chikaodili N., Dr. Onuike Amuche L., Dr. Onuora Ifeoma J., Mr. Onyeizugbe Chidi M., Mrs. Nnoruka Eugenia O., Mrs. Umeaba Georgina N.
Background: Illicit drug use is a growing public health concern in Nigeria, with increasing evidence suggesting high vulnerability among workers in the informal sector. Male artisans engaged in physically demanding occupations may be particularly at risk due to occupational stress, fatigue, and limited access to health services. However, empirical data on substance use among artisans in southeastern Nigeria remain scarce.
Dr. Sunil Kumar, Pritam Prabhat
The cultivation of vegetables in a densely populated state like Bihar where approximately 97 percent of farmers have small holdings (less than two hectares), plays a crucial role in socio-economic development of that category of farmers. Cultivating vegetables on small holdings is more profitable as it utilises family labour effectively and ensures employment, income and nutrition security throughout the year (Ryan & Spencer, 2001; Singh et al, 2002; Mahapatra et al, 2017). It is very appealing to small and marginal farmers as it offers higher economic returns compared to traditional crops (Sidhu et al, 2009). In Bihar, vegetables are produced on nearly 12 percent of gross sown area. The growth of area and production of vegetables in the state has been encouraging due to support of government policy, fertile soil and diverse agro-climatic conditions. As of 2022-23, the state produced 163.43 lakh tonnes of vegetables, cultivated on 8.9 lakh hectares (Economic Survey of Bihar, 2023-24) whereas in 2005-06, the area was 4.96 lakh hectares and production 72.62 lakh tonnes (Economic Survey of Bihar, 201011). The major vegetables produced during 2020-21 to 2022-23 were potato (87.78 lakh tonnes), onion (13.21 lakh tonnes), brinjal (12.14 lakh tonnes), tomato (11.67 lakh tonnes), and cauliflower (11.01 lakh tonnes) whereas in 2008-09, potato (50.34 lakh tonnes), onion (9.47 lakh tonnes), brinjal (11.86 lakh tonnes), tomato (10.37 lakh tonnes), and cauliflower (10.44 lakh tonnes). The comparison of these data establishes that the area and production of the vegetables in the state is showing upward trend. However, the trend will sustain only if the vegetable growers get remunerative prices for their produces that will be possible only if the marketing system for the same is efficient.
Ernest Lewis, Habibu Rasin Bundu, James Kanga, Jonathan Gibrill Kargbo
Public transportation is very important for getting around in cities, boosting the economy, and protecting the environment. The government-owned WAKA FINE bus system was set up in Freetown, Sierra Leone, to make public transportation more efficient and lessen the need for informal transportation services. This study looks at what people think about the WAKA FINE bus system, focusing on service quality, cost, ease of use, safety, and overall satisfaction. We used a mixed-method approach, which included surveys (n=500) and interviews (n=20) with people who commute in Freetown. The results show that people think the WAKA FINE bus system is cheaper and safer than other forms of transportation, but problems like inconsistent schedules, overcrowding, and limited route coverage still exist. The study suggests that the government should make changes to policies to make services more reliable, add more routes, and get more people involved in the process. This will help people trust government-run transportation systems more.
Criselda Alamo-Tonelada
This study examined the quality of front office services of selected hotels in Tarlac City using the SERVQUAL model. Specifically, it aimed to: (1) describe the profile of selected hotels in terms of selected operational characteristics; (2) assess hotel guests’ expectations and perceptions of front office service quality across the dimensions of tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy; and (3) determine the service quality gaps between guests’ expectations and perceived service performance. A descriptive research design was employed. The respondents consisted of 100 hotel guests from four purposively selected hotels in Tarlac City. Data were collected using a structured SERVQUAL-based questionnaire that measured both expectations and perceptions of front office services. Descriptive statistical tools, including frequency distribution, weighted mean, and SERVQUAL gap analysis, were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that guests’ expectations exceeded their perceptions across all five SERVQUAL dimensions, with responsiveness and reliability exhibiting the largest negative gaps. This indicates delays in service delivery and inconsistencies in fulfilling service commitments, while smaller gaps in tangibility, assurance, and empathy suggest generally satisfactory but improvable front office performance. The study concludes that front office services of selected hotels in Tarlac City require continuous improvement to fully meet guest expectations. The novelty of this study lies in its focused application of the SERVQUAL model to front office operations in a developing city context, providing department-specific insights that support more targeted service quality improvements.
Criselda Alamo-Tonelada
This study examined the quality of front office services of selected hotels in Tarlac City using the SERVQUAL model. Specifically, it aimed to: (1) describe the profile of selected hotels in terms of selected operational characteristics; (2) assess hotel guests’ expectations and perceptions of front office service quality across the dimensions of tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy; and (3) determine the service quality gaps between guests’ expectations and perceived service performance. A descriptive research design was employed. The respondents consisted of 100 hotel guests from four purposively selected hotels in Tarlac City. Data were collected using a structured SERVQUAL-based questionnaire that measured both expectations and perceptions of front office services. Descriptive statistical tools, including frequency distribution, weighted mean, and SERVQUAL gap analysis, were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that guests’ expectations exceeded their perceptions across all five SERVQUAL dimensions, with responsiveness and reliability exhibiting the largest negative gaps. This indicates delays in service delivery and inconsistencies in fulfilling service commitments, while smaller gaps in tangibility, assurance, and empathy suggest generally satisfactory but improvable front office performance. The study concludes that front office services of selected hotels in Tarlac City require continuous improvement to fully meet guest expectations. The novelty of this study lies in its focused application of the SERVQUAL model to front office operations in a developing city context, providing department-specific insights that support more targeted service quality improvements.
A.V.Shroff, R.P.Shrivastava
The need to utilize the poor soil for foundation support and earth work construction increases day by day, amongst the various ground improvement technique the radial consolidation of soft clays by vertical geo-drain is one of the ground improvement technique. Under this technique the rate of settlement is alternated by vertical prefabricated geo-drain because consolidation time varies as square of drainage path length and also most deposits have greater permeability in horizontal direction then in vertical direction. The installation of vertical geo-drains intercepts horizontally flowing pore water and reduces the drainage path thus increasing the rate of consolidation manifold. Installation of drains is either round or flat band drains. The aim of the present investigation is to explore the fabrication of an efficient geo-drain for accelerating the consolidation settlement of clayey soils. A pre-fabricated vertical jute geo-drain is developed by encasing polyamide bonded with polyester filter fabric. The hydraulically pressurized Oedometer with central geo-drain is employed in present investigation and Cvr value is determined using both the settlement and pore pressure reading. The value of Tvr50 for n = 12.09 is used for determination of Cvr from settlement readings. The experimental isochrones using the pore pressure readings at radial co-ordinates are drawn and compared with theoretical ones. The gain in strength of clay because of consolidation is also examined. The geo-drain employed in present investigation has increased the effective rate of pore pressure dissipation and thus allowed easily consolidation for a particular construction loading which signifies its use in field application, where the rate of construction is required to be compatible with time schedule available. The use of jute makes it possible in saving the cost over the other available geo-drain. Encasement of polyamide bonded with polyester filter helps in increasing the durability of jute
A. Sivamma, C. Sulochana, G.P. Ashwinkumar
This study focuses on radiative heat transfer in Falkner-Skan flow of a Carreau fluid influenced by a wedge surface in the presence of non-uniform heat source/sink. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE’s) are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE’s) using similarity transformations. These ODE’s are numerically solved using the bvp5c MATLAB package, yielding detailed insights into the velocity and temperature distributions. The analysis highlights the effects of critical parameters, including the Carreau fluid properties, radiation, wedge angle, and non-uniform heat source/sink, on the flow and thermal behaviour. A comparison benchmark is presented to validate the numerical solutions. This work offers significant contributions to the understanding of heat transfer in non-Newtonian fluid flows, with practical applications in engineering and industrial sectors.
Okigbo Ferdinand Chukwunwike
This article examines the theology and ritual structure of Christian initiation as preserved in the Apostolic Tradition attributed to St. Hippolytus of Rome, one of the earliest and most significant liturgical witnesses of the pre-Nicene Church. It addresses the growing tension between the early Church’s rigorous, communally grounded approach to initiation and contemporary pastoral practices often marked by abbreviated catechesis and diminished sacramental awareness. Employing a qualitative historical- theological method, the study analyzes Hippolytus’ initiation process- pre-catechumenate, catechumenate, proximate preparation, baptismal liturgy, and mystagogy- within their proper historical, liturgical, and ecclesial contexts. The findings reveal that Hippolytus understood Christian initiation as a transformative journey integrating moral conversion, doctrinal formation, communal discernment, and sacramental participation, with baptism functioning as a liturgical and ecclesial mediation of grace rather than a pneumatologically exhaustive act. While acknowledging the adult initiation context presupposed by Hippolytus and the theological diversity present in contemporary baptismal traditions, the study argues that his principles-particularly rigorous catechesis, communal responsibility, symbolic-liturgical depth, and post-baptismal mystagogy- remain valuable resources for renewing sacramental practice and ecclesial identity today. The article concludes that a discerning retrieval of Hippolytus’ baptismal theology can contribute meaningfully to contemporary discussions on Christian initiation without collapsing historical distinctions or theological plurality
Emmanuel Asumadu Agyemang, Sophia Naa-Abia Chinery, Theresa Dentaa Adade, William Owusu Ansah
This paper critically examines the multiple drivers, trends, and humanitarian implications of refugee flows from Sudan and within Sudan. We argue that forced displacement in Africa, particularly in Sudan, is complex and caused by interconnected, site-specific factors such as armed conflicts, political instability, economic hardships, climate change, and environmental degradation. The specific case of Sudan exemplifies the way the drivers are contextualised into systemic problems that create an interminable crisis of forced migration due to historic and ongoing civil conflicts, and associated humanitarian impacts. Through an exhaustive review of the literature and an analysis of validated reports from pertinent humanitarian organisations, the research contextualises the conflicts in Sudan, produces a systemic understanding of the primary forms of displacement, and explores (both historically and geographically) the trends throughout Africa. As recent examples indicate, the onset of full-scale conflict in Sudan in 2023 has exacerbated existing trends, affecting a range of entities while placing enormous strain on humanitarian response and impacted communities, as both local and international actors engage, sometimes in unexpected ways. For Sudan, the findings perhaps improve our ability to think systemically about the forced migrant experience in Africa, while making clear that there is an immediate demand for a much more systemic humanitarian system that privileges ethical, humane, and proactive, long-term solutions. The research commenced in 2018 and is likely to end in 2024, in order to integrate recent developments, and, for example, to consider future forced migration scenarios.
Flordeliza A. Abecia
The Hotel and Restaurant Management Program under the Center for Applied Technology Programs, as a premier institution in producing graduates needed in the hospitality and tourism industry, conducted a research study. This study aimed to determine the employability skills of the HRM Modular program graduates of Valencia Colleges for the academic years 2021-2023. A quantitative research design, specifically a Causal Descriptive Design, is adopted to examine causal relationships and describe the study population characteristics. It also determines the efficacy of the curricular offerings of the program. The study used a descriptive method design. Respondents were selected randomly from the abovementioned academic years composed of one hundred (100) graduates who politely returned the survey questionnaire upon reaching them through social media, phone calls, and personal interviews.
Taiwo John Basiru
Religion and culture are not peripheral influences on health in the United States; they shape beliefs about illness, experiences of discrimination, coping strategies, social support, care-seeking behaviors, and trust in institutions. For marginalized populations whose health is already constrained by structural racism, poverty, immigration stress, and unequal access to care religion and culture can function as both protective resources and sites of vulnerability. A growing body of peer-reviewed evidence shows that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with mental health resilience and health behaviors in Black and Latino communities across the life course, while culturally and religiously incongruent care can intensify mistrust, reduce engagement, and deepen inequities. Faith-based organizations (FBOs), including Black churches, have demonstrated capacity to deliver health promotion interventions at scale, and systematic reviews suggest such programs can improve behaviors and support equity-oriented prevention strategies. This piece argue that achieving health equity requires moving beyond generic “cultural competence” toward structural competence, humble partnership with communities, and measurable integration of spiritual and cultural needs into patient-centered care.
Dr Deepa Shrivastava
Embodying the wisdom, customs, and artistic expressions of many communities, traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions are essential parts of India's rich cultural legacy. But because there aren't enough strong legal safeguards in place, these priceless assets are frequently at risk of being taken advantage of, abused, and eroded. This study gives a general introduction to traditional knowledge (TCE) and gives an analysis of the legal framework in India for their preservation. It also looks at the efficiency of current IPR procedures and explores the effects of globalization and digital technologies on TCEs and TK. This research paper explores the complex interrelationships that exist in India between traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expressions, and intellectual property rights. With an emphasis on the function of intellectual property rights in defending and conserving indigenous heritage, this research study examines possible opportunities and problems related to the protection of traditional knowledge (TK) and traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) in India. This study intends to suggest a strong and culturally sensitive approach to protecting India's traditional knowledge and traditional cultural manifestations through intellectual property rights (IPR) by looking at the current legal frameworks, difficulties, and worldwide developments. The research paper emphasizes how crucial it is to strike a balance between innovation and cultural heritage preservation, highlighting the necessity of stakeholder collaboration in order to ensure sustainable protection.
Dr. Abhaykumar Kulkarni, Dr. Aishwarya Joshi
Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, classifies food and medicinal substances according to their inherent properties, tastes, potency, post-digestive effect, and specific actions. One such specific action is Vikasi Karma, which refers to the property causing laxity, looseness, or dilatation in bodily tissues, particularly the muscles, tendons & intestines. Kodrava (Paspalum scrobiculatum Linn.), a minor millet recognized in Ayurvedic texts, is attributed with certain Vikasi properties influencing musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal motility and digestive health .This review compiles classical Ayurvedic literature, pharmacological insights, and modern perspective , especially the toxicological relevance of ergot contamination to understand the Vikasi Karma of Kodrava. [1–6]
Bridget Agwazie, OKONKWO, Mary U
This study explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing indigenous knowledge and entrepreneurial skills development among Business Education students at the University of Delta, Agbor. In an era where technological advancement and cultural heritage must coexist, this research addresses how AI can serve as a bridge between tradition and innovation. Drawing on a descriptive survey design, the study engaged all 119 undergraduate students in the Business Education programme at the University of Delta, Agbor, during the 2024/2025 academic session. A structured questionnaire was administered to capture students’ perceptions of AI integration, the preservation of indigenous knowledge, and entrepreneurial skills development. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t test statistics. The findings reveal that AI is moderately integrated into the business education curriculum, and this integration is statistically significant. More notably, AI demonstrates a meaningful contribution toward the documentation and digitization of indigenous knowledge systems, although fewer resources focus on embedding cultural ethics. The influence of AI on entrepreneurial skills emerged strongest, with students reporting enhanced creativity, innovation, and decision making capabilities in tech enabled learning environments. Despite these positive outcomes, challenges persist — particularly infrastructural deficits, limited staff training, and low digital literacy among students. The study concludes that AI holds transformative potential in business education when paired with cultural grounding and equitable access. Recommendations emphasize investment in digital infrastructure, professional development for educators, and curriculum redesign that merges AI competency with indigenous entrepreneurship practices. This investigation offers practical insights for educators, policymakers, and curriculum designers seeking to craft culturally responsive and technologically empowered business education.
Dr. Nimish Mishra, Supriya Mukharjee, Suraj Singh
The increasing use of digital platforms has transformed consumer decision-making in the passenger vehicle segment. This study investigates the influence of digital marketing channels, online reviews, and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) on consumer purchasing behaviour. Data were collected from 150 respondents in Ayodhya through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using means, standard deviations, correlations, and t-tests in MS Excel. The results indicate that digital tools such as YouTube videos, comparison websites, official brand sites, and customer reviews exert a significant impact on car buying decisions, with average Likert scores ranging from 3.03 to 3.68. Online reviews and eWOM contribute to trust-building, facilitate option narrowing, and reduce perceived purchase risk. The study establishes a clear association between digital marketing and consumer purchase decisions, highlighting the central role of internet marketing in the contemporary car-buying process.
Kshitij Paresh Desai
Marine biodiversity forms the foundation of ecological balance, coastal livelihoods, and global sustainability. However, rapid industrialization, port expansion, coastal infrastructure, and resource exploitation increasingly threaten fragile marine ecosystems. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has emerged as a critical preventive tool to safeguard marine biodiversity by integrating ecological concerns into development planning. Through systematic identification, prediction, and evaluation of potential impacts, EIA ensures that projects are designed and implemented with minimal harm to marine habitats. Baseline ecological studies, risk assessments, and stakeholder consultations provide the scientific and social foundation for informed decision-making. In coastal and marine contexts, EIA addresses issues such as habitat destruction, pollution from effluents, dredging impacts, shipping activities, and cumulative pressures on fisheries and coral reefs. International frameworks like the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and national regulations, including India’s EIA Notification (2006), mandate rigorous evaluation of projects affecting coastal zones. Case studies of port modernization, aquaculture expansion, and offshore energy projects highlight both the strengths and limitations of current practices. While EIA has succeeded in raising awareness and enforcing mitigation measures, challenges remain in terms of data gaps, enforcement, and meaningful public participation. Strengthening ecosystem-based approaches, cumulative impact assessments, and adaptive monitoring can enhance EIA’s effectiveness. From the author’s perspective, EIA is not merely a regulatory requirement but a governance instrument that balances development imperatives with ecological stewardship. Its role in protecting marine biodiversity is pivotal for ensuring that modernization and expansion proceed without compromising the long-term resilience of ocean ecosystems.
Dr. Sanjeevi K, Yaseen Aboobacker KV
Libraries have evolved into dynamic learning environments that support lifelong learning, skills enhancement, and socioeconomic development. In the 21st century, rapid technological advancement, digital transformation, and changing labor market expectations have positioned libraries as essential spaces for continuous education beyond formal schooling. This paper examines the role of libraries in fostering lifelong learning and skill development across diverse learner groups, including students, working professionals, older adults, and marginalized communities. Drawing from both theoretical and empirical literature, it explores how academic, public, and special libraries utilize physical spaces, digital services, learning technologies, and outreach programs to cultivate learning motivation and provide equitable access to information resources. The discussion highlights key thematic areas including information literacy, digital literacy, research skills, employability skills, and socio-emotional competencies. Challenges for libraries such as digital divides, resource limitations, and capacity building are also addressed. The paper concludes that libraries are fundamental to the knowledge society, acting as catalysts for upskilling and reskilling initiatives aligned with lifelong learning agendas. Recommendations for strengthening library support systems through policy, collaboration, and innovation are offered.
Alexander Gabeja, Lawrence James A. Conde, Mariel Keith T. Olfindo, Meshelle N. Fabro, Nielo Glen R. Beloria
This study developed an affordable room safety monitoring system designed to address the critical lack of lowcost tools for detecting hazardous temperature fluctuations in residential and educational environments. Recognizing that commercial safety systems are often cost-prohibitive for average households and local schools, this research aimed to engineer a prototype using accessible, off-the-shelf components. The system utilizes an Arduino UNO microcontroller as its central processing unit, integrated with a high-precision LM35 temperature sensor to provide continuous, real-time environmental monitoring. The technical architecture is programmed to maintain a specific "safe zone" through a constant feedback loop. When the device detects environmental conditions that deviate from these pre-defined parameters, it triggers a multi-modal alert system designed to ensure immediate human intervention. This includes an auditory alarm via a piezoelectric buzzer, a high-visibility red LED, and a 16×2 LCD screen that displays live temperature data and status updates. Methodological testing was conducted using controlled heat and cold sources to establish the threshold reliability of the prototype. The results verified that the alarm system consistently and reliably activates when temperatures exceed 41°C or drop below 15°C, maintaining a low margin of error across multiple trials. These findings demonstrate that the prototype is a highly responsive and practical solution for mitigating fire hazards, preventing heat-related illness, and monitoring machinery for potential overheating. Ultimately, this research bridges the gap between high-end industrial safety equipment and community needs, providing a reliable, user-friendly, and cost-effective tool that makes essential safety technology accessible to the general public.
Janani A.M, Shwetha R.B, Shyamala K.R, Subashree S.R
Padarthamarai, comparable to Tinea in modern medicine, is a common superficial fungal infection affecting the skin. Traditional Siddha literature mentions Sarakondrai (Cassia fistula L.) as an effective remedy for various skin disorders. The present review aims to compile and analyze available scientific and traditional evidence regarding the antifungal potential of Cassia fistula leaf extract in the management of Padarthamarai. Literature related to Siddha concepts, plant description, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of C. fistula leaves were collected from classical texts and scientific publications. The review indicates that C. fistula leaves contain bioactive compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and anthraquinones, which possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Various in-vitro studies have demonstrated inhibitory activity of leaf extracts against fungal organisms. However, detailed toxicological and clinical studies are limited. This review concludes that Cassia fistula leaf extract shows promising antifungal potential and can be considered for further experimental and clinical evaluation after proper safety studies.
Dr. Padige Srivarsha, Gaurav. U, Praneetha. K, Vyshnavi. G
Modern self-care relies heavily on over-the-counter (OTC) medications, which are frequently used to treat minor illnesses without a doctor's direct supervision. Despite the widespread belief that these drugs are safe, there is mounting evidence that improper use of over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceuticals significantly contributes to drug-related disorders (DRPs), which frequently go unreported and stay clinically quiet. From a clinical pharmacy viewpoint, this narrative review investigates the kind, prevalence, and clinical importance of silent drug treatment issues related to over-the-counter medications. Inappropriate self-diagnosis, improper product selection, excessive dosage or prolonged use, therapeutic duplication, unidentified contraindications, drug–drug interactions, and misuse or abuse—particularly with regard to high-risk drug classes like analgesics, cough and cold remedies, antihistamines, and combination products—are among the major problems found. The analysis also identifies significant obstacles to OTC safety monitoring, such as inadequate recording of nonprescription medication usage, a lack of expert oversight, and methodological flaws in pharmacovigilance systems. Pharmacists are ideally positioned to identify, prevent, and resolve most OTC-related DRPs through systematic evaluation, patient counselling, and prompt intervention, frequently before clinical damage occurs, according to evidence from community pharmacy practice. The results highlight the necessity of implementing standardised counselling models, improving safety surveillance systems, strengthening pharmacist education in nonprescription pharmacotherapy, and formally including OTC drugs into thorough medication reviews. In a time when self-medication is becoming more common, it is crucial to acknowledge over-the-counter medications as pharmacologically active agents rather than naturally harmless goods in order to lower avoidable morbidity and enhance patient safety.
Dexter S. Caparida, Eruel Joseph F. Manales, Haley Carl J. Tuastumban, Marc Wilson F. Go, Mikaella Jane T. Reyes, Minerva C. Zoleta
This paper presents the design and development of a smart bicycle helmet aimed at improving cyclist safety through integrated manual and automated safety features. The proposed system employs a dual-microcontroller architecture consisting of an ESP32-C3 for the handlebar unit and a Wemos D1 Mini (ESP8266) for the helmet unit. The handlebar unit controls an automatic headlight using a light-dependent resistor and processes manual left and right turn signal inputs, which are transmitted wirelessly to the helmet unit via ESP-NOW communication. The helmet unit integrates LED turn indicators, a BMI160 accelerometer for accident detection, and a GSM module for emergency notification. Accident detection is based on accelerometer-derived G-force thresholds, classifying impacts into mild (2 Gs), moderate (3 Gs), and severe (4 Gs) events. Severe impacts trigger SMS alerts to pre-registered emergency contacts. Experimental evaluation through ten trial tests demonstrated consistent turn signal operation, reliable accident detection, and successful emergency message transmission with no false alerts during normal riding conditions. The proposed system provides a practical and cost-effective safety solution suitable for bicycle applications in low-visibility and traffic-dense environments
Andrew Vincent N. Rubio, Jefferson B. Manalo, John Jedel V. Carriedo, Maria Micaella C. Gonzales, Minerva C. Zoleta, Nathaniel Mclarrei C. Tuazon
This study presents the design, development, and evaluation of a Smart Bicycle Speed and Location Monitoring System aimed at enhancing the safety of young cyclists through real-time monitoring and parental notification. The system integrates a Hall Effect sensor for accurate speed detection and a GPS/GSM module for continuous location tracking. Speed and location data are transmitted via GSM short message service (SMS) to a parent’s mobile device, including automated alerts when predefined overspeed thresholds are exceeded. Field testing conducted in urban and suburban environments demonstrated a mean speed measurement accuracy of 98% with a maximum deviation of ±0.3 km/h, and GPS positional accuracy within ±5–10 meters. The results indicate that the proposed system provides a reliable, low-cost, and practical IoT-based solution for improving youth cycling safety and parental supervision.
Emanuel Zack Morabe, Engr. Minerva C. Zoleta, Ian Exequiel B. Santuyo, John Kenneth R. Añonuevo, Mark Jerome A. Delima, Selwyn James S. Jimenez
The increasing generation of organic waste in household setups presents a rather big problem to both the environment and sanitation in terms of landfill overflow, green house emission, and odor. This paper introduces the Smart Organic Waste Composter (Automatic Biodegrader), an IoT-based gadget that is aimed at automating the composting process by mechanically mixing, aerating, drying, and monitoring the environmental conditions in real-time. The sensors for the conduct of moisture, gas, temperature, and humidity monitor the conditions of the compost, and an ESP32 microcontroller modulates the actuators according to the preset limits. The real-time system status and remote monitoring and user feedback are achieved with the help of an LCD screen and the Blynk IoT platform. The system was experimentally tested to be successful in minimizing moisture and odor and improving waste-handling productivity with the environmental correction cycles accomplished in 6-10 minutes. The suggested solution can be described as a low-cost, environmentally-friendly, and user-friendly solution that will provide a sustainable approach to the management of domestic organic wastes.
Ellen Sidhabattula
International student mobility has become a defining feature of contemporary higher education, driven by globalization and internationalization policies (Altbach & Knight, 2007; de Wit, 2020). Despite this expansion, empirical research on international students’ socio-cultural adaptation in Sub-Saharan Africa particularly Zambia remains limited. This study examines the socio-cultural adaptation challenges faced by international students in selected Zambian universities and evaluates the effectiveness of institutional support services in facilitating academic and social integration.
Nisha Rani, Prof. (Dr.) Parveen Sehgal
Software fault prediction (SFP) is essential for improving software reliability and reducing development costs by identifying fault-prone modules early. This paper investigates the integration of change metrics—such as code churn, commit frequency, and modification history—with hybrid learning algorithms to enhance prediction accuracy. We propose a novel hybrid framework that combines genetic algorithms (GA) for feature selection, convolutional neural networks (CNN) for extracting semantic and temporal features from change data, and multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) for processing traditional static metrics. These components are fused using a gated attention mechanism to optimize predictions. Empirical evaluations on datasets from the PROMISE repository, including projects like Ant, Camel, and Xerces, demonstrate that our approach achieves superior performance in terms of F1-score (0.87), AUC (0.90), and effort-aware metrics like PofB20 (0.55), outperforming existing hybrid models by 8-15%. The study addresses key challenges such as class imbalance, cross-project generalizability, and the underutilization of dynamic change data. By incorporating real-time evolutionary metrics, our model enables more proactive defect management, contributing to advancements in software engineering practices.
Marwa Jabbar Mezher, Rana Saleh Al-Difaie, Rasha Saleh Sahib
This study illustrates several possible causes of Breast cancer, a highly perilous affliction impacting women worldwide. Although there is no evidence to back the attributions, studies conducted globally have shown numerous variables that women with breast cancer attribute to their illness. Therefore, we looked into a number of possible risk factors for breast cancer. Our study show the category most affected by breast cancer were (40-49) and the least affected were under the age of 30 years,14(42%) of them developed the disease after menopause, while 19(57%) before it, 18 (54.5%)of the women under study had this disease in their family history,22(66%) not having children or having them after turning thirty and only 11(33%) have not children after this age , Out of 30 married and have children women 18(60%) of them were breastfeeding and 12(40%) of them were not, 30(90.9%) were non-smokers, 28(84.8%) of them did not engage in any physical activity, compared to 5(15%) only who engaged in various sports activities. As for the educational level, (60% ) are illiterate or have completed primary school only, (24% ) have completed secondary school and (15% ) have obtained higher education, 90% were married , 6% were Widow and 3% were Single. This study's goal was to make women aware of the several possible causes of breast cancer and to help them avoid them
Dr. (Prof.) Mahantesh Kodabagi, Dr. (Prof.) Malleshappa T. Bhagwati, Dr. (Prof.) Saurav Bhowmik
The integration of National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH) standards into the online MBA curriculum for hospital and healthcare management represents a critical advancement in aligning academic training with industry requirements. This study explores the effects of incorporating NABH guidelines on the employability of students in the Indian healthcare sector, focusing on their preparedness, competency, and attractiveness to employers. NABH, a constituent of the Quality Council of India (QCI), sets the standards for healthcare quality and safety in India. Recognized both nationally and internationally (ISQua), NABH standards emphasize patient safety, quality care, and continuous improvement. Integrating these standards into the MBA curriculum aims to produce students who are adept at managing healthcare organizations in compliance with these rigorous benchmarks. A mixed-method approach was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative surveys through Questioner with students and industry professionals. The surveys measured changes in students' knowledge, skills, and confidence. Qualitative feedback provided deeper insights into the perceived benefits and challenges of this integration from various stakeholders.
IDENYI Sunday, OLORUNNADO Gabriel Babatunde
Granulated sugar is rich in calorie with little or no nutritional value. Excessive consumption of sugar is dangerous to human health for example, its increase blood pressure, causes, hyperglycaemia, inflammation and diabetes. Also, date palm have a unique, sweet, caramel-like taste. It had been reported that date palm have low glucose contents but is rich in fructose, it is therefore less likely to spike the blood sugar level. In this research, the fruits of date palm (phoenix dactylifera) was analysed for tis phytochemical and Nutritional components in order to provide an up-to-date nutrient composition data and phytochemical potentials of these commonly grown and consumed fruits. The samples were collected from international market Lokoja Kogi state. The sample was extracted and analyzed for proximate values and mineral contents using the recommended method of the Association of Analytical Chemist. The result of the proximate analysis revealed that date palm contain 14% moisture, 11% ash, 5% lipid, 18% carbohydrate, 2% crude fibre and 0.53% protein. The samples were also screened for phytochemical properties using standard procedures. Alkaloids, terpenoid and saponins were found to be present in moderate proportion while flavonoid and tannin are detected in slight proportion. Phlobatanin was not detected in the sample. The phytochemical constituents show that apart from the nutritional value of date palm, it have a good health sustaining activities. The carbohydrate content of date palm detected in this research is nothing to be worried about despite the sweet taste therefore, date palm can serve as a potential sweetener without any side effect or damages that can arise as a result of consuming excess sugar.
Dr. K. S. Nimavat, Dr. Kartik B. Vyas, Nisha Sharma
Aromatic heteroatom bearing cyclic compound such as pyrimidine, benzimidazole, benzoxazole etc. Triazoles is the heterocyclic compounds having five membered rings with three nitrogen atoms in it. Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds plays an important role in our daily lives. Pyrimidines are common heterocyclic aromatic moiety resemble to benzene and pyridine having two N atoms at 1 and 3 positions of the six membered rings. Pyrimidines are biologically very significant heterocycles and shows by far the most prominent of the diazine class with uracil and thymine being constituents of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and with cytosine.
Aditi Kaushik, Sushila Kaura, Ujjwal Bhardwaj
Clinical trials in neuroscience have resulted in significant improvements, but they have also revealed persistent flaws in safety assessment, participant consent, ethics, and post-trial device/technology governance. This review combines high-impact incidents, regulatory analyses, and empirical studies to identify recurring failure modes: incomplete preclinical translation resulting in catastrophic adverse events, inadequately informed consent (particularly for cognitively vulnerable participants), ethically fraught placebo/sham surgical designs, insufficient long-term follow-up and device maintenance, data governance and cybersecurity gaps, and underreporting of harms. We examine representative case studies (such as the TGN1412 cytokine storm, the BIA 10-2474 FAAH inhibitor neurotoxicity, arguments about sham surgery in deep brain stimulation, and device post-trial care failures) to demonstrate systemic causes and consequences. For each shortcoming, we propose specific solutions, including updated preclinical-to-human dose strategies, improved consent processes (layered consent and ongoing consent assessment), independent safety oversight for high-risk first-in-human studies, device stewardship policies for implanted neurotechnologies, and increased transparency and adverse-event reporting. To our knowledge, no thorough analysis has rigorously examined the linked ethical, technological, regulatory, and methodological flaws found in all types of human neuroscience clinical trials globally. The existing literature is compartmentalized, focusing on individual case studies, ethical issues, or device-specific failures. This is the first integrated framework that combines translational failures, consent vulnerabilities, sham surgery controversies, neurodevice stewardship gaps, data governance deficiencies, and post-trial obligations into a unified failure-mode taxonomy, backed up by cross-regional analysis and high-impact case data. The analysis closes with a recommended checklist and research agenda for making neuroscience studies safer, more ethical, and socially responsible.
Hanifah Jambari, Jamilah Ahmad, Lokman Mohd Tahir, Nur Hazirah Noh@Seth, Roslizam Hassan, Sharifah Osman, Tan Joo Siang
Teacher leadership has been increasingly recognised as a critical element in strengthening inclusive education practices, particularly in classrooms that involve collaboration between mainstream and special education teachers (Wenner & Campbell, 2017; Harris, 2003). Although inclusive education has been formally implemented in Malaysia since 2010, limited empirical research has examined how teachers enact leadership roles within inclusive classroom contexts (Anuar & Rahim, 2016; Salleh & Woollard, 2019). This qualitative case study explores the leadership strategies practised by teachers in inclusive education settings in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Guided by Katzenmeyer and Moller’s Teacher Leadership Model (Katzenmeyer & Moller, 2001, 2009), data were collected through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations involving six experienced teachers from two public schools. Thematic analysis revealed a range of leadership strategies organised across seven dimensions: developmental focus, recognition, autonomy, collegiality, participation, open communication, and positive environment. The findings indicate that teacher leadership in inclusive education is primarily enacted through informal, collaborative, and pedagogically driven practices rather than formal authority. This study contributes empirical insights into teacher leadership strategies in inclusive education and offers implications for professional development, school leadership practices, and inclusive education policy in Malaysia.
Dr. Neeraj Kumar Jaiswal, Sameeksha Srivastav
Teacher retention and burnout have emerged as critical challenges in contemporary educational systems, significantly affecting instructional quality, institutional stability, and student outcomes. This study investigates the interconnected factors contributing to teacher burnout and turnover, and explores new strategies for enhancing faculty support. Using a mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected from 150 teachers through a structured survey based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory, while qualitative insights were gathered from in-depth interviews with 15 teachers. Findings reveal high levels of emotional exhaustion, moderate depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment among teachers, with workload, limited administrative support, and work–life imbalance identified as major stressors. Burnout showed a strong negative correlation with teacher retention, indicating that heightened stress significantly increases turnover intentions. Comparative analysis also showed that private school teachers experience greater burnout due to heavier workloads and lower job security compared to government school teachers. Despite these challenges, factors such as professional development opportunities, supportive leadership, and positive peer relationships were found to enhance job satisfaction and retention. The study concludes that traditional support mechanisms are insufficient in addressing the multifaceted nature of teacher burnout. It recommends comprehensive strategies including workload reduction, mental health initiatives, participatory leadership, improved compensation, and sustained professional learning. These insights contribute to the development of holistic models for faculty support and underscore the need for systemic reforms to create healthier, more resilient educational environments.
P. Sivananthan, T. Kirubalan
Teaching methods play a vital role in developing an intellectually capable and skilful student community within the education sector. Traditional teacher-centred instructional approaches alone are no longer sufficient to address the challenges of today’s fast-paced and information-rich world. Consequently, innovative teaching methods have become increasingly important for enhancing students’ learning experiences and fostering deep understanding. The results of schools located in difficult (underprivileged) areas within the Chankanai Education Division have had a significant impact on this situation. Based on this context, the present study was conducted with the objective of examining the challenges faced by teachers in using innovative teaching methods in classroom instruction in difficult-area schools of the Chankanai Education Division, and to explore how these challenges affect students’ achievement levels, with the ultimate aim of improving student achievement in these schools. As both quantitative and qualitative data were employed, this study adopts a mixed-methods research design. A descriptive survey method was used to conduct the study. The study population comprised 133 teachers from seven difficult-area schools with secondary sections in the Chankanai Education Division of the Valigamam Education Zone. Using a stratified simple random sampling technique based on gender and subject specialization, and applying Krejcie and Morgan’s table, a sample of 100 teachers and 7 principals was selected. Primary data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with principals and teachers. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis, while quantitative data were analysed descriptively using tables and charts. The findings of the study reveal that the use of innovative teaching methods in classroom instruction is limited. Schools lack adequate facilities to implement innovative teaching approaches, professional development opportunities for teachers are insufficient, support from school management is inadequate, students interest in learning is low, students demonstrate limited independent learning skills, modern teaching aids are underutilized, instruction is not adapted to individual differences, subject-based activity rooms are unavailable and there is a shortage of suitably qualified subject teachers. Based on these findings, the study recommends encouraging teachers to adopt innovative teaching methods, while principals, deputy principals, and sectional heads should ensure that such methods are effectively implemented by teachers.
Boma Tobi Selekekeme, Gwunireama I U
Background: The foot arch plays a vital role in human movement, acting as a shock absorber and stabilizer during physical activities. Aim: This study examines the distribution of foot arch types among footballers in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Method: A total of 56 subjects (22 females and 34 males) between the ages of 18 and 30 years were recruited for the study. The foot arches were measured using a goniometer, and the calcaneal inclination angle (CIA) was determined and documented. Data analysis used the International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) version 25. The t-test was used as an inferential statistic to evaluate sexual differences. Chi-square tests were conducted to assess any significant associations between foot arch type. A probability less than 0.05 (p<0.05) was considered statistically significant, and 95% was denoted as the confidence level. Result: The study identified only two foot arch types among participants: 62% had normal arches and 38% had high arches. No flat foot (pes planus) cases were observed. There was no significant difference in age between the normal and high foot arch subjects (t = -0.74; p = 0.46). Also, it showed no significant difference was observed in the weight of normal and high-foot arch subjects (t = -0.87; p = 0.39), while the normal and high-foot arch players showed no significant difference in height (t = -1.22; p = 0.23). Conclusion: The study evaluated that sex, weight, height, and leg dominance were not significantly associated with foot arch types
Diosomito, Klarrish Faith L, Fabiculana, Hennessy Shaina M, Ibarrientos, Theresa, Poliquit, Julius Nielle O, Rufina C. Salvador MAN, RN
Adolescents in the Philippines continue to face growing challenges related to unprotected sex, limited access to sexual and reproductive health education, and the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These issues are often worsened by a lack of age-appropriate, accessible, and engaging educational materials, especially to those in-school adolescents who may have limited but structured access through formal education, while out-school adolescents often miss these opportunities entirely, leaving them vulnerable. To help address this gap, the researchers developed an educational video focused on promoting safe sex practices, specifically designed for adolescents in selected barangays. The study utilized a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of the video in improving knowledge across four key parts: STI awareness and prevention, use of condom, sexual hygiene, and HPV vaccination. A total of 100 adolescent participants were assessed before and after watching the video. The results showed that adolescents had relatively low scores in the pretest, reflecting limited knowledge about sexual and reproductive health before the intervention. After viewing the educational video, their posttest scores increased significantly across all areas, indicating that the video was highly effective in enhancing knowledge. The pretest revealed significant differences in knowledge based on educational attainment, whereas no significant differences were noted for gender, civil status, employment, or socioeconomic status. In the posttest, however, no significant differences were observed across all demographic profiles, suggesting that the video helped equalize knowledge levels among adolescents regardless of background This study demonstrates that educational videos are an effective, practical, and inclusive tool for addressing knowledge gaps in adolescent sexual health education.
Chidiebere Ucheji
The rapid growth of cloud computing, remote work, and interconnected digital ecosystems has rendered traditional perimeter-based security models increasingly ineffective. In response, Zero-Trust Security Architecture (ZTSA) has emerged as a dominant cybersecurity paradigm founded on the principle of continuous verification and least-privilege access. However, implementing Zero Trust at scale introduces significant operational complexity due to the need for real-time authentication, contextual risk assessment, and dynamic policy enforcement. This paper examines the future of Zero-Trust security architecture enhanced through artificial intelligence (AI) automation. Drawing on an extensive review of contemporary literature, the study analyses how AI techniques, such as machine learning, behavioural analytics, and automated threat response, can operationalise Zero-Trust principles more effectively. The paper further explores the convergence of AI and Zero Trust, identifying operational benefits alongside technical, ethical, and governance challenges, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and explainability. To address these issues, a conceptual AI-enabled Zero-Trust automation model is proposed, emphasising continuous learning, adaptive access control, and accountable decision-making. The paper concludes that while AI is critical to the future scalability and effectiveness of ZeroTrust security, its successful deployment depends on robust governance frameworks and sustained human oversight to ensure ethical and trustworthy implementation.
Jayeola Amoke Latifat, Joseph Oluwapelumi, Kate Katemboh, Mike Taiyese, Toyin Niyi Folurunsho
This study investigates the impact of portfolio management on the profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria, with a specific focus on how key portfolio components influence financial performance measured by Return on Assets (ROA). Effective portfolio management is essential for banking institutions operating in volatile economic environments, as it determines their ability to balance risk and return while maintaining financial stability. The study adopts an ex post facto research design and relies on secondary data extracted from the audited annual reports of selected deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group. The sample comprises three major banks, namely Zenith Bank, Guaranty Trust Bank, and Access Bank, covering the period from 2017 to 2023. Portfolio management is proxied by investments in government securities, investment in subsidiaries, loans and advances, and dues from other financial institutions, while control variables include consumer price index and non-performing loans. Regression analysis is employed to examine the impact of portfolio management on bank profitability. The empirical findings reveal that investments in government securities and subsidiaries exert a positive and statistically significant effect on return on assets, indicating that well-managed low-risk and diversification-oriented investments enhance bank profitability. Conversely, loans and advances, non-performing loans, and inflation exhibit negative effects on profitability, highlighting the adverse role of credit risk and macroeconomic pressures. The study concludes that effective portfolio composition and prudent credit risk management are critical for improving bank performance. It recommends that deposit money banks strengthen portfolio diversification strategies, optimize investment in government securities and subsidiaries, and enhance credit risk management frameworks to sustain profitability and long-term financial stability.
Allysa Ellein S. Fauni, Icee F. Saputil, Jan Jarrel B. Gillego, Jenarah Kate A. Abuyen, Jin D. Lim, Zyndhie Q. Florendo
The rise of digital devices has made screen exposure common among young children, raising concerns about its effects on early speech development. Early language skills are essential for educational success. This study aims to examine the impact of screen usage on expressive language among preschoolers in Barangay Francisco De Castro, GMA, Cavite, in line with Sustainable Development Goal #4: Quality Education. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through purposive sampling and a validated survey questionnaire employing a 4-point Likert scale to measure screen usage patterns and speech development indicators. The instrument demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.878 for speech development, 0.846 for screen usage). Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rho correlation analyses were conducted to explore relationships between screen time variables and expressive language performance. Findings revealed that screen use does not hinder expressive language. Notably, the age at first screen exposure correlated significantly with speech development (r = 0.253, p = 0.048), indicating that earlier exposure may affect language acquisition. However, total screen time and content type showed no significant association with speech performance. The timing of initial screen exposure is a key factor influencing early speech development. Parents and educators should focus on delaying early screen introduction to promote optimal language growth in preschool children.
Dr. Amarnath Paswan
This research paper is based on a study of the impact of solar energy on the lives of women belonging to various tribal communities residing in Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh, a region with a significant tribal population. The study primarily attempts to understand how solar energy, as a form of renewable energy, is affecting the lives of tribal women. Based on questions related to important issues such as how solar energy is bringing about changes in the socio- economic status of tribal women and other aspects and activities of their lives, this research paper utilizes analytical, descriptive, and interpretive research methodologies to highlight the impacts of solar energy on the lives of tribal women, the related problems or challenges, and also presents important suggestions. These suggestions can prove helpful in the policy-making process related to the role of solar energy in tribal development.
Dr. Mahmood Mawlood Khalaf Almashhadani
Theater and politics are historically and socially connected to each other, politics is practically theatrical, and Theater has always been colored with Politics throughout the changing of the political movements. Both of these fields had been originated from the same fundamental sources which are (power and persuasion). They are completely different expressions of the same concept, and this can be seen in the shared (Theatrical-Political) focus on argument. Theater and Politics have the same target, which is "convincing people" and lead them to certain conclusions. Politics and Theater focus on getting people to believe what the speaker is saying. The speaker of Theater or Politics requires his audience to believe in his character and the world he creates. The politician, requires his followers to trust in his decisions, and delegate the authority to him. In this way, Politics and Theater are both principally regarded as tools of Persuasion, a functions of the power one person has in relation to his audiences. As representation of the power , Theater gives the permission for experimentation in human relationships, or an examination of the society and the power relationships contained within it. Theatre can be a tool for illuminating what the power structures exist now, or arguing for which structures should exist. By revisiting the theatre's history with a view informed in political theory, i attempt to outline the changing impacts implied by different theatrical movements throughout the development of English Theater. Unlike other kinds of literature, the result of the examination of the power through the use of theatre relies on what the spectators received from a piece of theatrical work and give this piece the capacity to be a useful political experience. One act of theatrical play can have a multitude messages and discoveries of power that are worth pursuing. Theater can fulfill this function by allowing the participants to live through whatever power struggle can be imagined and learn something about power through the experience. Audiences of the theater also live vicariously through the performers, and have some knowledge as well.
Dr. V. Manimozhi, Professor, Mr. V.C Jain Assistant Profeesor
The importance study of the Hybrid Learning Approach explores the integration of traditional face-to-face instruction with online learning environments. It focuses on its effectiveness, pedagogical value, and challenges for Teachers-centric and students-centric approach in contemporary education. This study examines how the hybrid model supports learner autonomy, flexibility, and engagement by combining synchronous and asynchronous modes of delivery. Drawing upon existing literature, institutional case studies, and empirical data, the analysis highlights the impact of hybrid learning on student performance, teacher roles, and curriculum design. It also addresses key concerns such as digital accessibility, technological infrastructure, and instructional preparedness. The findings suggest that while hybrid learning offers significant educational benefits, its success largely depends on strategic planning, digital literacy, and continuous support for both learners and educators. This study provides insights and recommendations for effectively implementing hybrid learning to enhance the quality and inclusivity of education in a digitally evolving world.
Mr Ihsanul Haq, Mrs. Sruthi Tp, Ms Charutha Bineesh, Ms Farisha.P, Ms Shivani, Ms. Sharon Raichal Jai, Prof. Shine Thomas
This descriptive study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to artificial intelligence (AI) among General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) students at KMCT School of Nursing. Using a non-probability convenience sampling method, 100 GNM students completed a baseline proforma with demographic data, a close-ended self-administered questionnaire for knowledge, and Likert scales for attitudes and practices. Data analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that most students (majority) possessed adequate knowledge of AI, exhibited moderate attitudes toward it, and demonstrated moderate AI practices. Significant associations existed between knowledge levels and selected demographic variables, including academic year and monthly family income.
Alfa Leya P. Usodan, Andrea Mei S. Pascua, Angelica V. Talan, Aprilyn Renz C. Mojica, Julian Grayfrex A. Alcomendas, Marison Ann C. Bunyi, Nick Joseph A. Villafranca
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition that affects the way individuals communicate, interact, and behave. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 1 in 100 children have been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder worldwide. Atos (2024) stated that parental stress in families with children diagnosed with ASD can be significant, since parents often feel overwhelmed by their children’s need. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of parents from Manggahan Elementary School in Manggahan, General Trias City, Cavite in raising a child with ASD, focusing on its effects on parental stress, the support needed by parents, and coping mechanisms they adopt. To gather the essential data, in-person interviews were conducted with parents of children with ASD, selected through a purposive sampling technique. Semi-structured questionnaires, validated by licensed psychologists with a master’s degree, were used during the interview. Thematic analysis was then utilized by the researchers to identify and reveal the patterns and recurring themes. The findings highlight how the stressors affect the parent’s caregiving capability, emotional well-being, social interaction, and financial stability. Furthermore, the key informants emphasized their need for additional support from the government, health institutions, and other organizations. The study offers recommendations for policies, practices, and an action plan aimed at promoting awareness and providing support for parents caring for children with ASD, aligning with SDG 3’s vision of good health and well-being.
Dae-Song Kim, Gwang Su Ri, Su Jong Ri
This manufacturing process is intended to produce less energy consumption and less environmental pollution of pure zinc acetate dehydrate with zinc oxide and acetic acid. Experimental results in this manufacturing process showed that high purity zinc acetate dehydrate could be prepared.
Diana A. Amper
This study investigated the mediating role of Student engagement in the relationship between parental involvement and students’ academic performance using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). A causal-descriptive research design was employed involving 203 grade 4 to 6 students and 203 parents from Plantation Central Elementary School, Manolo Fortich District III, Division of Bukidnon, Philippines. Validated instruments were utilized to measure parental involvement and student engagement, while academic performance was based on students’ average grades. Results indicated very high levels of parental involvement and student engagement, alongside outstanding academic performance. Model fit indices confirmed that the proposed SEM exhibited good fit. While the direct effect of parental involvement on academic performance was significant, the indirect effect through Student engagement was not statistically significant, suggesting the presence of other mediating factors. Findings highlight the importance of strengthening home–school partnerships to support learners’ academic success.
Otieno Isaiah Oduor, Wachira Aloise Kimathi
This research focused on the nature and scope of Kenya’s digital diplomatic communication within the Eastern African Region between 2013 and 2024. Kenya’s digital diplomacy and diplomatic communication in the Eastern Africa region for the period between 2013 and 2024. The researcher investigated the aspect of Kenya’s digitized diplomatic communication. To aid in the study the researcher investigated the following objectives, how the integration of digital technologies reconfigured Kenya’s diplomatic communication in the region, challenges occasioned by the relatively new practice. The researcher deployed two complementary theories to aid the study. These are the actor specific grounded theory and the soft power theory. The study adopted an exploratory research design, and used qualitative data collection techniques, interviews and questionnaires for quantitative data. The study was conducted within Kenya, with the target population being staff at the ministry of foreign and diaspora affairs, missions in the region and other key experts in digital diplomacy. The sampling technique deployed was purposive and was aimed at a specific set of participants for the purpose collecting nuanced data related to the study topic. The study findings revealed that digital diplomatic communication in the region is influenced Kenya’s digital diplomacy efforts. Despite Kenya’s progress the conduct of digital diplomacy is hampered by challenges ranging from institutional gaps to a framework that is evolving but not adequate on the face of a dynamic digital technology environment. The study concludes by suggesting various recommendations that can help improve the conduct of digital diplomacy by Kenya in the Eastern Africa region.
Azmi Al Bahij, Rizky Elita Putri
Healthy living behavior among elementary school students plays a crucial role in supporting health, academic achievement, and character development. However, the implementation of healthy living behavior is often inconsistent between school and home environments. This study aims to examine the relationship between Environmental Education and parental roles on the healthy living behavior of elementary school students, both partially and simultaneously. This study employed a quantitative approach using a descriptive correlational design. The population consisted of all fifth-grade students of class V A at SD Negeri Pondok Petir 01, Depok, along with their parents or guardians. Using a total sampling technique, 33 students and 33 parents participated as respondents. Data were collected through validated and reliable closed-ended questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis after meeting the assumptions of normality and linearity. The results showed that Environmental Education (M = 31.15; SD = 9.257), parental roles (M = 29.88; SD = 8.594), and students’ healthy living behavior (M = 29.64; SD = 8.135) were generally in the moderate category. There was a very strong and significant relationship between Environmental Education and healthy living behavior (r = 0.830; p < 0.05) and between parental roles and healthy living behavior (r = 0.870; p < 0.05). Environmental Education and parental roles were also strongly correlated (r = 0.921; p < 0.05), indicating a synergistic influence. The study concludes that healthy living behavior among elementary school students is strongly influenced by the integration of school-based Environmental Education and active parental involvement, highlighting the importance of collaboration between schools and families.
Arjun M. De Los Reyes, Elsa M. Regalado, Franchezka Loraine S. Cadang, Liverlyn Babes E. Bacunawa
Decorum functions as an essential aspect of professional conduct, where compliance to moral and conduct standards is crucial. In University, applying decorum guidelines assures that students demonstrate professionalism, discipline, and respect, both in the classroom and during clinical practice. It has been observed that some students continue to disregard the decorum guidelines which is why this study would measure their level of awareness and level of compliance to see if there is a significant relationship between the two. This research relates to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, fostering values essential for sustainable development, such as professionalism, discipline, and respect. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the level of awareness and the level of compliance among Level II, Level III, and Level IV BS nursing students regarding the proper adherence to CON decorum guidelines. This study utilized the descriptive quantitative approach combined with correlational research design, a non-experimental research. This was conducted in Lyceum of the Philippines University - Cavite. The results revealed that the majority of participants were female and second-year students. Students were both fully aware and fully compliant in terms of Time Management and Professional Decorum, but both moderately aware and moderately compliant in terms of Conduct and Behavior. The study revealed that gender found a significant relationship with awareness while Year level found no significant relationship with awareness. Gender found no significant relationship with compliance while Year level found a significant relationship with compliance. And there is a strong positive correlation between awareness and compliance.
Djaelani Susanto, Mohd Fadhil Harfiez bin Abdul Muttalib, Widarta, Zainur Rahman
Innovation is a critical concern in both academic research and organizational practice, as it supports long-term employee well-being, engagement, and productivity, which are essential for sustained organizational success. Sustainable employees contribute consistently while experiencing lower levels of burnout and demonstrating greater adaptability to workplace changes. Given this importance, examining employee sustainability in relation to innovative employee performance, job creation, and employee adaptability is essential. Innovative employee performance plays a key role in employee retention by enhancing job satisfaction and work motivation. Through proactive job crafting where employees actively modify their tasks and work interactions employees can create more meaningful and fulfilling work experiences, reduce emotional exhaustion, and strengthen long-term organizational commitment. This study employs a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey design. Purposive sampling was applied, targeting employees working in organizations that implement remote or flexible work arrangements. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that job crafting has a positive effect on innovative employee performance, and employee adaptability mediates the relationship between job crafting and innovative employee performance.
Mapuranga Danemore, Mutevera Angeline
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) frameworks are increasingly recognized as essential tools for improving healthcare quality, accountability and equity within public health systems. This study investigated the role of M&E in enhancing service delivery within the National Health Service (NHS) in Leeds City, United Kingdom. Employing a mixed-methods case study design, the research integrated quantitative data from eighteen (18) questionnaires and qualitative insights from nine (9) semi-structured interviews and four (4) focus group discussions. The findings reveal that while many respondents perceive M&E as critical to healthcare quality, only 50% have received formal training and 38% report limited familiarity with M&E frameworks. Key indicators used included patient satisfaction (61%), clinical effectiveness (22%) and operational metrics such as staff absenteeism. Challenges identified include high workload (46%), limited funding and staffing (31%) and lack of dedicated M&E personnel (22%). The study concluded that strengthening M&E systems through capacity-building, participatory evaluation and digital integration can significantly improve patient outcomes and service efficiency. These insights offer practical recommendations for National Health Service leadership and contribute to the broader discourse on healthcare quality improvement.
Fungai Gonhi, Kuda Moyo, Sesilani Nkomo
This study examined the impact of scaffolding on the development of Mathematical skills among low-achieving Ordinary Level learners. Progress record books, mark schedule from the school where the study was carried out were consulted and proved that most learners performed below average in Mathematics. A qualitative study which employed an exploratory case study design was done, involving thirty learners from the selected school who were selected purposively using mark schedules to determine ability. The whole sample group received scaffolding support. Pre-and post-tests were administered to assess mathematical proficiency. Learners were grouped into six groups of five members to carry out focus groups on the method used in teaching. The findings suggest that scaffolding can be an effective strategy for enhancing mathematical proficiency among low-achieving learners. The results also indicated that learners in the study group demonstrated significant improvements in Mathematical skills, particularly in problem-solving and conceptual understanding. Analysis pointed out that basically scaffolding teaching and learning method encourages independence, helps learners gain and develop 21st century competencies such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration and problem-solving skills. Scaffolding activities were found to allow learners to develop deep content knowledge, assist learners to be directly involved in making decisions about the topic and the investigations involved. Profound information suggested that scaffolding increases motivation to learn, engagement and participation of learners in Mathematics learning at Ordinary Level. Recommendations were made to parents, teachers and other stakeholders. It was suggested as a recommendation that parental involvement can also contribute to learner success and motivation. The study’s implications for teaching practices and future research were discussed
Fara Utami Apriyani, Muhamad Sofian Hadi
This study aims to examine the role of school principals in improving student discipline through the implementation of School-Based Management (SBM) at An-Nisaa Elementary School, South Tangerang. Student discipline is a crucial aspect of character education and significantly influences the effectiveness of the learning process. However, many schools still face challenges in maintaining consistent student discipline due to managerial, environmental, and individual factors. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving the principal, teachers, and students. Data analysis was conducted using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The findings indicate that the principal plays a strategic role as a leader, manager, supervisor, motivator, and innovator in strengthening student discipline through SBM. The principal’s strategies include enforcing school regulations consistently, fostering teacher discipline as role models, strengthening collaboration with parents, and implementing reward and punishment systems. Supporting factors include strong school culture, teacher commitment, and parental involvement, while inhibiting factors involve students’ diverse backgrounds and external environmental influences. The study concludes that effective principal leadership through SBM significantly contributes to improving student discipline and creating a conducive school climate.
Chippy C. Taday, Debbie Rose Bella, Lord Jossenel M. Anano, Reymart L. Dote
This study explored the role of social behavior change in improving adherence to the four essential antenatal care (ANC) visits among pregnant women in Barangay Tominamos, Santa Rita, Samar. The purpose of the study was to understand how social support, health communication, and community influence affect women’s decisions to complete the required ANC visits. A qualitative phenomenological research design was used to capture the real-life experiences of pregnant women. Six pregnant women participated in the study and were selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method of thematic analysis. The findings showed that social behavior change efforts helped increase awareness about the importance of ANC visits and encouraged a stronger sense of responsibility toward maternal and child health. Support from health workers, family members, and the community played an important role in motivating women to attend their scheduled visits. However, several challenges affected adherence, including distance to the health center, transportation problems, household responsibilities, financial difficulties, and physical discomfort during pregnancy. Despite these challenges, the women were able to cope by planning their schedules, seeking help from family and community members, using reminders from health workers, and maintaining a positive mindset focused on their baby’s well-being. The study concludes that social behavior change strategies are effective in improving adherence to the four essential ANC visits when combined with strong community support and accessible health services. The findings highlight the need for continued community-based health education and support programs to strengthen maternal health practices in rural settings.
Ephraim Kaang'andu Belemu, PhD, Grace Hachimuma, Malcolm Shambana
This ethnographic study, conducted over three years (December 2022–December 2025) in Lusaka and peri-urban areas, including Mumbwa, Katuba, and Chongwe, investigates the factors influencing the sustainability of Zambian-owned retail enterprises compared to foreign-owned minimarts, primarily operated by East African migrants from Rwanda, Tanzania, Burundi, and Kenya. Drawing on participant observation, semi-structured interviews with 10 enterprise owners and 20 customers, and thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's (2006) framework, the research reveals stark disparities in business longevity: over 70% of Zambian-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in retail fail or remain static within their first few years, while foreign minimarts demonstrate resilience through systematic reinvestment and network support. Key findings highlight differences in economic embeddedness and moral economies. Foreign minimarts leverage transnational ethnic networks for pooled capital, disciplined labor, and reinvestment norms, aligning with capitalist accumulation. In contrast, Zambian-owned shops are embedded in local kinship systems that prioritize redistribution for household survival (e.g., education, healthcare, funerals), constraining growth. Trust deficits further undermine local collective initiatives like village banking, leading to frequent collapses. The study challenges conventional explanations focused on finance or skills deficits, arguing that sustainability hinges on institutional and cultural alignments. It advocates for policy shifts toward trust-building, capital protection mechanisms, and culturally sensitive training to bolster indigenous retail viability. This contributes to African economic anthropology by reframing "failure" as a product of moral-economic misalignment rather than individual shortcomings.
Daissa May Pagunsan-Fadriquela, MA, Dr. Iver Glenn U. Felix
Background: Adolescent mental health is a growing global concern, yet access to professional care is severely limited in many low- and middle-income countries, including the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). With a profound shortage of school counselors and mental health professionals, teachers are often the de facto frontline for identifying and supporting students in distress. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a low-resource, task-shifting mental health literacy program for secondary school teachers in Vientiane Capital. Methods: A quasi-experimental, mixed-methods design was employed. Eighty teachers from 20 secondary schools were recruited; 40 teachers from 10 schools received a culturally adapted, 5-module Mental Health First Aid (MHFA)-inspired training (intervention group), while 40 teachers from 10 matched schools served as a waitlist control. Quantitative data were collected at pre-test, post-test, and 3-month follow-up using validated scales to assess mental health knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes, and self-efficacy in providing support. Qualitative data were gathered through post-intervention focus group discussions to explore feasibility, acceptability, and perceived challenges. As a process measure, student disciplinary and referral records were tracked. Results: The intervention group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in mental health knowledge, reductions in social distance stigma, and increased self-efficacy from pre-test to post-test, with effects sustained at the 3-month follow-up, compared to the control group. Qualitative analysis revealed three major themes: (1) Empowerment Through Knowledge and Skills, (2) Navigating Cultural Contexts and Systemic Barriers, and (3) The Emergence of a Supportive School Environment. School records indicated a 25% increase in documented student referrals for psychosocial or behavioral concerns in intervention schools in the three months post-training (a process outcome indicating increased detection), compared to a negligible 2% change in control schools over the same period. Direct student mental health outcomes were not assessed.
Emanuel Zack Morabe, Engr. Bernard C. Fabro, Eruel Joseph Manales, Ian Exequiel B. Santuyo, Jushua E. Villalobos, Nathaniel Mclarrei C. Tuazon
The Automatic Water Dispenser Using Ultrasonic Sensor is a microcontroller-based system designed to provide a touchless and efficient method of dispensing water. This project aims to promote hygiene, reduce water wastage, and improve user convenience by automating the water dispensing process through object detection. The system utilizes an Arduino Uno as the main controller, integrating various electronic components such as an ultrasonic sensor, L298N motor driver, 5V water pump, LCD display, and a water gallon as the water source. The ultrasonic sensor is responsible for detecting the presence of an object, specifically a drinking glass, placed within a predefined distance range. Once the sensor detects the glass, the Arduino activates the water pump through the L298N motor driver. Initially, the system dispenses a measured amount of water equivalent to 100 milliliters. After reaching the 100 mL volume, the dispenser automatically switches to continuous water flow as long as the glass remains detected by the sensor. This feature allows users to choose between a small measured amount and a continuous supply without manual control. When the glass is removed from the sensor’s detection range, the ultrasonic sensor immediately signals the Arduino to stop the water pump, ensuring that water flow ceases instantly. This prevents unnecessary water loss and enhances system efficiency. Additionally, an LCD module is incorporated to provide real-time feedback to the user. The display indicates whether an object is detected, confirms when the initial 100 mL has been dispensed, and shows when the system is operating in continuous mode. Experimental testing showed reliable object detection, fast system response, and consistent dispensing performance across multiple trials. Overall, the project demonstrates an effective application of ultrasonic sensing and microcontroller programming in creating an automated, contactless water dispensing system suitable for homes, schools, and public environments.
Dr. P. Venkatesan
Deep Learning (DL) has shown impressive promise for medical image restoration, offering improved image quality for precise diagnosis. However, these models—especially generative ones—are vulnerable to a critical failure mode called hallucination, in which they erase subtle pathologies or create plausible but nonexistent anatomical structures. Due to the possibility of false positives and false negatives, this phenomenon seriously jeopardizes patient safety and undermines clinical confidence. In this work, we suggest a thorough framework to reduce hallucinations and develop reliable diagnostic AI. In order to limit the solution space to data-consistent outputs, we first formulate the restoration task within a physics-informed architecture that explicitly incorporates the imaging forward model. Additionally, we present a brand-new uncertainty quantification module that creates a pixel-by-pixel confidence map, enabling medical professionals to see possible hallucination regions. Additionally, we support a hybrid loss function that strikes a balance between strict fidelity to the input data and perceptual quality. Our framework is tested on a variety of clinical datasets, such as fast MRI and low-dose CT. We show that, when compared to state-of-the-art baselines, our method dramatically reduces hallucination artifacts as measured by both conventional metrics (PSNR, SSIM) and a recently proposed Faithfulness Score. Importantly, a reader study involving three board-certified radiologists verifies that images restored using our technique increase interpretative confidence while maintaining diagnostic accuracy. This work demonstrates that creating dependable and clinically useful AI-based restoration tools requires a comprehensive approach that combines uncertainty-aware visualization with model-centric constraints.
Dr. P. Venkatesan
Deep Learning (DL) has shown impressive promise for medical image restoration, offering improved image quality for precise diagnosis. However, these models—especially generative ones—are vulnerable to a critical failure mode called hallucination, in which they erase subtle pathologies or create plausible but nonexistent anatomical structures. Due to the possibility of false positives and false negatives, this phenomenon seriously jeopardizes patient safety and undermines clinical confidence. In this work, we suggest a thorough framework to reduce hallucinations and develop reliable diagnostic AI. In order to limit the solution space to data-consistent outputs, we first formulate the restoration task within a physics-informed architecture that explicitly incorporates the imaging forward model. Additionally, we present a brand-new uncertainty quantification module that creates a pixel-by-pixel confidence map, enabling medical professionals to see possible hallucination regions. Additionally, we support a hybrid loss function that strikes a balance between strict fidelity to the input data and perceptual quality. Our framework is tested on a variety of clinical datasets, such as fast MRI and low-dose CT. We show that, when compared to state-of-the-art baselines, our method dramatically reduces hallucination artifacts as measured by both conventional metrics (PSNR, SSIM) and a recently proposed Faithfulness Score. Importantly, a reader study involving three board-certified radiologists verifies that images restored using our technique increase interpretative confidence while maintaining diagnostic accuracy. This work demonstrates that creating dependable and clinically useful AI-based restoration tools requires a comprehensive approach that combines uncertainty-aware visualization with model-centric constraints.
Dr. Anil Kumar Mishra, Dr. Mukesh Kumar Verma, Dr. Sudhir Beri, Mr. Jeesan Danish Khan
Air pollution remains a major environmental and public health concern in rapidly urbanising Indian cities. Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh, has experienced persistently poor air quality due to increasing population, vehicular density and urban activities. This study examines air quality levels before, during and after lockdown periods, focusing on changes associated with reduced anthropogenic activities rather than the COVID-19 pandemic itself. Secondary data on PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, NO₂, SO₂ and Air Quality Index (AQI) were obtained from the Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board for the period 2019–2025. Results show that during the lockdown period, mean PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ concentrations declined from approximately 190–260 µg/m³ to 135 µg/m³ and 60–80 µg/m³ to 45 µg/m³, respectively, though values still exceeded the WHO Air Quality Guidelines (2021). Post-lockdown periods recorded sharp increases, particularly in NO₂, reflecting renewed traffic and urban activity. The findings indicate that observed air-quality improvements were temporary and closely linked to reduced human activities, highlighting the need for sustained emission-control strategies.
Andre Noevi Rahmanto, Drajat Tri Kartono, Prita Suci Nurcandrani, Widodo Muktiyo
This study explores digital literacy as a form of health activism in crisis situations, specifically examining its role in addressing stunting through family communication patterns. Employing a phenomenological approach, the research investigates the experiences of 13 families in Wanayasa, Indonesia, who are confronting stunting challenges. The findings reveal that families with higher levels of digital literacy demonstrate improved access to accurate and reliable health information, enhanced communication effectiveness with healthcare workers, and stronger development of social support networks. These digital competencies enable families to actively participate in health decision-making and challenge misinformation surrounding child nutrition and development. However, the study also identifies persistent structural barriers and cultural gaps that continue to impede widespread digital literacy adoption among vulnerable populations. Structural constraints include limited internet infrastructure and technological access, while cultural factors encompass traditional beliefs about child-rearing and healthcare-seeking behaviors. The research highlights the dual nature of digital literacy as both an empowerment tool and a potential source of inequality in health activism. Based on these findings, the study recommends implementing structured, culturally-sensitive digital literacy programs specifically designed for families dealing with stunting, alongside policy interventions to address infrastructure and accessibility challenges.
Dr. M. Chandrakala
Welfare is the provision of a minimal level of well-being and social support for all citizens, sometimes referred to as public aid. The Oxford American Dictionary refers Welfare as the health happiness and fortunes of a person or group or the statutory procedure or social effort designed to promote the basic physical and material wellbeing in need. Women are the most precious human being in any society. Indeed, the growth of a society can be measured by the regard and respect given to the women of that society. They are the key indicator to measure the extent of modernization and traditionalism of the nation. But they have been dependent upon man for her livelihood and also for physical protection all through the ages. Keeping this in view and in order to highlight women's rightful place, the Tamil Nadu government formulated many plans, policies and innovative programmes for the upliftment of women in the field of training, employment, income generation, welfare and supportive services. Further the State of Tamil Nadu has taken strenuous efforts through various welfare schemes exclusively designed for uplifting women. The success of these implemented programmes lies in achieving its goals and determining its effectiveness. The main aim of this paper is to explore the role of the Government of Tamil Nadu in reducing poverty and inequality through increasing the capabilities of poor women in Virudhunagar District.