Farmers-Herders Conflict and Local Security in Langtang South LGA, Plateau State: A Critical Exploration

Abstract

Historically, farmers and herders in Langtang South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria existed together in relative harmony, sharing land, water, and other available resources essential to their livelihoods. This interdependence fostered a symbiotic relationship that lasted for generations. However, in recent decades, this balance has been disrupted by a complex mix of demographic, environmental, economic, and political pressures. The main objective of this study is to explore the causes, impacts, and possible solutions to the recurring farmer-herder conflict in Langtang South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Anchored on the Governance and State Fragility Theory which focuses on the role of weak or failing state institutions in contributing to the persistence of conflict, the study explores how competition over land and resources, ethnic identity, and weak governance contribute to conflict. As an empirical study, data were collected using questionnaires and interview discussions with major stakeholders including farmers, herders, community leaders, and security officials. This paper employs both quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. Quantitative data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed using the descriptive statistical technique, while qualitative data from open-ended questions and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study revealed that land disputes, climate change, ethnic tensions, and inadequate government response are key drivers of the conflict. The conflict has resulted in loss of lives, destruction of property, displacement of residents, and food insecurity. Efforts at conflict resolution, such as peace committees and government interventions, have been largely ineffective due to poor implementation and lack of community involvement. The study concludes by recommending improved land policies, inclusive dialogue, and stronger governance structures to promote peaceful coexistence between farmers and herders in the area.