Design and Implementation of an Arduino Nano–Based Automated Fire and Smoke Detection System with Integrated Water Sprinkler Control

Abstract

Fire hazards continue to pose serious risks to human life and property, particularly in residential settings where immediate detection and response are crucial. This study presents the design and development of an Arduino Nano–based automated fire and gas detection system integrated with a water sprinkler mechanism. The system utilizes an MQ-2 gas and smoke sensor together with a KY-026 flame sensor to continuously monitor environmental conditions and identify potential fire-related threats.
When elevated gas or smoke levels are detected, the system generates early warning signals through slow visual and audible alerts using a red LED and a passive buzzer. In the presence of an active flame, the system prioritizes fire conditions by activating faster and more intense alarms and automatically operating a water pump to discharge water through a sprinkler for fire suppression. The system employs threshold-based decision logic and priority control within a closed-loop embedded framework to ensure accurate and timely responses.
Experimental testing showed that the prototype reliably detected gas, smoke, and flame conditions and responded appropriately in real time. Due to its low cost, simple design, and expandability, the proposed system is suitable for educational purposes, prototype fire safety demonstrations, and small-scale residential applications.