A Review of Coccidiosis in Goats

Abstract

Coccidiosis is a highly prevalent and economically important parasitic disease of goats caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria, which invade and multiply within the intestinal epithelium. The disease predominantly affects young kids and results in substantial production losses due to impaired growth, reduced feed efficiency, increased susceptibility to secondary infections, and mortality in severe cases. Among the caprine coccidia, Eimeria arloingi and Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae are regarded as the most pathogenic species. Although clinical disease is frequently reported, subclinical infections remain a major hidden constraint in goat production systems, particularly under intensive and semi-intensive management. This review synthesizes classical and recent literature on caprine coccidiosis, covering the taxonomy, life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and current strategies for treatment and prevention. Emphasis is placed on emerging challenges such as anticoccidial resistance, climate-driven changes in disease epidemiology, and the need for integrated control strategies in sustainable goat farming systems.