Strength Properties and Potentials of Concrete Produced with Crushed Cow Horns as Fine Aggregate Replacement

Abstract

This study investigates the potential of crushed cow horns (CCH) as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in concrete production. Six concrete mixes were prepared with varying replacement levels of sand by CCH (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). Standard tests were conducted on fresh and hardened concrete, including slump, density, compressive strength, split-tensile strength, and flexural strength. Results show that replacement levels above 60% led to specimen failure under self-weight. At 20% and 40% replacement, compressive strength decreased by 15.74% and 16.86%, respectively, compared to the control. The study concludes that CCH has potential as a lightweight aggregate in concrete production at low replacement levels, contributing to sustainable waste management.