Simulation and Modelling of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using MATLAB/Simulink

Abstract

This paper presents the modelling and simulation of electrical parameters of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) utilising MATLAB/Simulink. An equivalent single-diode circuit model was developed to represent the physical parameters influencing electron dynamics within the DSSC. The absorption coefficients of three natural dyes extracted with acetone were analyzed: Vernonia amygdalina (VAA), Geoppertia macrosepala (GMA), and Cnestis ferruginea (CFA). These coefficients were determined from existing UV-Vis analysis data. The model simulated the I-V and P-V characteristics of DSSCs sensitized with natural dyes across varying temperatures (275 - 325 K) and solar irradiance (320 - 1000 W/m²). Results indicated temperature increases slightly to enhance voltage output, while higher solar irradiance significantly boosts current across all dyes. Comparative analysis showed that dyes with higher absorption coefficients, such as GMA and VAA, produced greater current and power outputs than CFA. The model's validity was confirmed through experimental data, with minor discrepancies attributed to lower operating temperatures and greater TiO₂-layer thickness in the experimental setup. A functional DSSC solar panel comprising 500 GMA-sensitized cells was designed, achieving a maximum output of approximately 0.01 W. This research provides an effective MATLAB/Simulink model for predicting the performance of DSSCs with natural dyes and enhances understanding and optimization prior to fabrication.