Role of Chemistry in Renewable Energy : Solar Cells and Batteries

Abstract

This study investigates the role of chemistry in renewable energy technologies through experimental evaluation of solar cell materials and battery systems. Perovskite and organic semiconductor films were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic and structural techniques such as UV–Vis and X-ray diffraction to assess their optical and structural properties. Solar cell prototypes were fabricated and tested under standard illumination conditions to determine power conversion efficiency and stability. In parallel, electrochemical performance of battery materials, including lithium-ion and sodium-ion systems, was analyzed using cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge cycling. The results indicate that perovskite-based solar cells exhibit higher initial efficiency but reduced stability under environmental conditions, whereas silicon-based systems demonstrate superior durability. Battery analysis revealed that lithium-ion systems provide higher energy density, while sodium-ion batteries offer improved sustainability and cost advantages. The study highlights the influence of material composition and chemical processes on performance parameters such as efficiency, capacity, and cycle life. Furthermore, the experimental findings emphasize the need for improved material stability and environmentally benign alternatives. This work provides valuable insights into optimizing renewable energy technologies through chemical innovation and experimental validation.