Lived Experiences of Grade 7 Filipino Students Using Bar Models in Matatag Algebra Lesson Exemplars

Abstract

The transition from arithmetic to algebra often triggers “symbol shock” among Filipino learners, where variables are perceived as abstract symbols disconnected from reality. This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of 15 Grade 7 students at Sumilao National High School as they engaged with algebraic expressions and simple equations through MATATAG lesson exemplars implemented in the fourth quarter of school year 2025-2026. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, “3-box” reflection activities involving relatable scenarios like cupcake sharing and budgeting, represented through bar models and colored strips, and researcher’s notes. Thematic analysis revealed five emergent themes: (1) visual representations effectively bridged abstract algebraic concepts to concrete real-life scenarios ;(2) students initially encountered challenges in constructing bar models, specifically in labeling unknown quantities and representing operations like subtraction; (3) conceptual breakthroughs occurred through collaborative visualization, where variables were reconceptualized as “missing pieces” within equal-length bar configurations; (4) participants’ perceptions shifted from viewing algebra as an abstract requirement to a practical tool for daily utility; and (5) exemplar strengths included the combination of group collaboration, concrete manipulatives, and guided teacher feedback. Findings revealed that visual scaffolding and social negotiation are essential for reducing cognitive load during algebraic transitions. These findings indicate that MATATAG-based visual and contextualized instruction effectively supports the transition from arithmetic to algebra by reducing abstraction, promoting collaboration, and grounding learning in meaningful experiences. However, the results also highlight the need for deliberate scaffolding to address initial difficulties in translating word problems into visual representations, ensuring smoother cognitive transitions for learners.