Hydrogen Productin Technologies, Storage and Handling Challenges, and Future Prospects.

Abstract

Hydrogen is emerging as a promising clean energy carrier due to its high energy content and zero carbon emissions during utilization. This paper presents a comprehensive review of hydrogen production technologies, storage systems, and handling challenges. Various hydrogen production methods, including thermochemical, electrochemical, and biological processes, are critically analyzed in terms of efficiency, cost, and environmental impact. The study also examines storage techniques such as compressed gas, liquid hydrogen, and solid-state storage, along with associated safety and material challenges. Furthermore, key issues related to hydrogen handling, including high flammability, leakage risks, and infrastructure limitations, are discussed. The paper highlights recent technological advancements and explores future prospects for improving hydrogen utilization. The findings suggest that although hydrogen has significant potential for supporting a low-carbon energy transition, challenges related to cost, storage efficiency, and large-scale infrastructure development must be addressed for its widespread adoption.