Emotional Burnout and Job Satisfaction among Oncology Residents in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background
Oncology residency training is associated with high emotional and professional demands, predisposing trainees to burnout. In low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria, systemic challenges may further increase this risk. This study assessed emotional burnout and job satisfaction among oncology residents in Nigeria and identified associated factors.
Methods
A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted among oncology residents across seven accredited tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire incorporating the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Job Satisfaction Survey. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression models were used to evaluate associations between burnout, job satisfaction, and sociodemographic variables.
Results
A total of 57 residents participated (mean age 33.7 ± 4.9 years; male: female = 2.2:1). Emotional exhaustion was high (3.50 ± 0.82), while depersonalization and personal accomplishment were moderate. Overall job satisfaction was moderate (3.12 ± 0.84), with high satisfaction in supervisor support and co-worker relationships but lower satisfaction with work environment. Emotional exhaustion showed a strong negative correlation with job satisfaction (r = –0.61, p < 0.001). Early-year residents had significantly higher burnout (p = 0.022). Female gender predicted lower job satisfaction (p = 0.046). Low job satisfaction, poor work environment, and long working hours were significant predictors of burnout.
Conclusion
Oncology residents in Nigeria experience substantial emotional burnout, particularly in early training years. While interpersonal support is strong, systemic factors such as workload and work environment drive burnout. Targeted institutional interventions are needed to improve resident well-being and sustain the oncology workforce.