Comparative Insights into Fungal and Bacterial Cellulases: Efficiency and Applications

Abstract

Cellulases are pivotal enzymes in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass, finding applications across waste management, biofuel production, and industrial processes. Among microbial sources, fungi and bacteria represent two dominant and distinct producers of cellulases, each with unique enzyme systems, biochemical properties, and operational advantages. This review presents a comparative analysis of fungal and bacterial cellulases, focusing on their structural differences, catalytic efficiency, environmental stability, and industrial relevance. The synergistic use of both microbial types is also explored as an emerging strategy to enhance cellulose degradation. This synthesis aims to guide future research and practical applications by evaluating the strengths, limitations, and evolving potential of fungal and bacterial cellulases in sustainable waste valorisation and bioeconomic systems.