Conflict Resolution Mechanisms of Tri-People Leaders in Maguindanao

Abstract

This study examined the conflict resolution mechanisms employed by tri-people leaders in Datu Odin Sinsuat, South Upi, and Upi municipalities in Maguindanao to understand how disputes among Indigenous Peoples, Muslims, and Christians were managed and how harmonious relationships were sustained. It investigated the mechanisms used, their implementation, challenges encountered, and community aspirations, and proposed a framework for effective conflict resolution.
A descriptive-qualitative design guided by phenomenology was employed to capture participants’ lived experiences. Data were collected through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, interviews with conflict-involved individuals, and document analysis. Participants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling, including community leaders and affected members. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key patterns and strategies.
Findings revealed that tri-people leaders adopted a holistic, culturally grounded approach emphasizing collaboration, inclusivity, neutrality, and restorative practices. Key mechanisms included dialogue, elder mediation, facilitation by local officials, hybrid councils, and referrals to higher authorities, which helped restore trust and maintain social cohesion. Challenges such as persistent rido, social mistrust, limited livelihoods, and gender disparities in leadership were identified.
The study proposed the Collaborative Conflict Resolution Mechanism Framework, which integrated traditional, exclusive, inclusive, and alternative systems across stages of diagnosis, implementation, and evaluation. The framework provides a culturally responsive and practical guide for promoting sustainable peace and inclusive leadership in tri-people communities.