Analysis of Factors Affecting the Implementation of Sustainable Construction Management on Project Waste Management in Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract

Construction and demolition waste imposes heavy environmental and economic costs on rapidly urbanising cities, and Lagos State, Nigeria's commercial centre, carries one of the heaviest such burdens on the African continent. This review synthesises the peer-reviewed evidence on the factors affecting the implementation of sustainable construction management (SCM) for project waste management in Lagos State. A systematic literature review was conducted in line with the PRISMA 2020 statement. Searches of Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar with African Journals Online, covering January 2005 to April 2026, returned 954 records; after duplicate removal, screening, and full-text assessment, 20 peer-reviewed studies entered a thematic synthesis. Quantitative cross-sectional surveys dominated the corpus (15 of 20 studies, 75%), and output is accelerating, with 8 studies (40%) published in 2024 or 2025. Six factor themes emerged: regulatory and institutional weakness, economic and financial constraints, knowledge and capacity deficits, project-level process failures, technological limitations, and sociocultural resistance. Regulatory and economic factors carried the strongest empirical weight, with weak enforcement and ineffective building codes validated at confirmatory model fits of CFI = 0.92 and high initial-cost perceptions averaging 4.2 on five-point scales, while education and training emerged from structural modelling as the most effective mitigating strategy. Outcome evidence shows that waste reduction, reuse, and recycling significantly improve firm and project performance, yet prevailing Lagos strategies are judged not sustainable enough and recycling remains the least adopted of the 3Rs. The review contributes an integrated conceptual framework connecting factor clusters, SCM implementation, and waste outcomes, and it exposes the absence of longitudinal, objectively measured waste data for Lagos.