Stratigraphic Succession and Geological Evolution of Jharkhand: An Overview of the Singhbhum Craton and Associated Formations

Abstract

Jharkhand possesses one of the most diversified and ancient geological terrains of India. The Singhbhum region, often regarded as a natural geological museum, preserves rock assemblages ranging from the Eoarchean to the Quaternary period. The present study reviews the stratigraphic succession of Jharkhand with special emphasis on the Singhbhum Craton, its lithological characteristics, tectonic evolution, magmatic events, sedimentary sequences, and economic significance.
The stratigraphic framework begins with the Older Metamorphic Group (OMG), followed by the emplacement of Biotite Tonalite Gneiss, Iron Ore Group, Singhbhum Granite, Singhbhum Group, Dalma-Dhanjori volcanics, younger intrusive bodies, Gondwana Supergroup, Rajmahal Traps, and Quaternary deposits.
The study highlights major unconformities, volcanic episodes, metamorphism, and tectonic activities responsible for shaping the present geological architecture of Jharkhand. The paper also discusses the mineral wealth associated with these formations, particularly iron ore, coal, bauxite, and other economically important minerals.