Gender Mainstreaming in Environmental Remediation: Advancing Livelihoods and Conflict Resolution in Ogoni, Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

Environmental degradation in Ogoni, largely driven by decades of oil exploration in the Niger Delta, has significantly undermined local livelihoods and intensified socio-economic conflicts. While remediation initiatives particularly those influenced by the United Nations Environment Programme report and implemented through the Hydrocarbon Pollution Remediation Project aim to restore the environment, limited attention has been given to gender-inclusive approaches. This paper examines gender mainstreaming as a strategic tool for enhancing livelihood outcomes and fostering conflict resolution in Ogoni. Adopting a qualitative and analytical methodology, the study draws on feminist political ecology, sustainable livelihoods, and conflict transformation frameworks to interrogate the intersection between gender, environment, and peacebuilding. The findings reveal that women, despite being disproportionately affected by environmental degradation, remain largely marginalized in remediation planning and implementation. However, where gender-inclusive strategies are adopted, there is notable improvement in household income, community participation, and grassroots conflict mediation. The study argues that integrating gender perspectives into environmental remediation not only promotes equity but also strengthens social cohesion and sustainability. It concludes that effective gender mainstreaming can serve as a catalyst for inclusive development and durable peace in Ogoni. The paper recommends the institutionalization of gender-responsive policies, increased capacity-building for women, and inclusive governance mechanisms to ensure that remediation efforts achieve both ecological restoration and socio-economic transformation.