Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Soap Using Neem, Tulsi, and Ritha Extracts

Abstract

Herbal soaps are gaining attention as safe and natural alternatives to conventional soaps. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a herbal soap using Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum), and Ritha (Sapindus mukorossi) extracts. A vegetable-based, unscented soap base was used, enriched with coconut oil and glycerin for moisturizing, and rose water and vitamin E for fragrance and antioxidant protection. The soap was evaluated for physical, chemical, functional, organoleptic, and biological properties, including pH, texture, lathering, foam stability, moisturizing effect, spreadability, stability, antimicrobial activity, and saponin content. The formulated soap exhibited a smooth appearance, firm texture, skin-friendly pH, effective foaming, moisturizing effect, and antimicrobial activity. Stability studies confirmed no significant changes under room and accelerated conditions. The results demonstrate that the developed herbal soap is safe, effective, and suitable for daily skincare, providing a natural and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic soaps.