Evaluating Green Initiatives in TVET Institutions for Sustainable Tourism and Hospitality Development in Murang’a County, Kenya

Abstract

The study aimed at assessing green initiatives in TVET institutions for sustainable tourism and hospitality development in Murang'a County, Kenya. The study was prompted by the increasing need for tourism and hospitality training institutions to offer their learners the green skills needed in sustainable tourism and hospitality industries. This study analyzed various aspects concerning green initiatives, including the type of green initiatives used, the level of awareness of TVET stakeholders towards sustainable development, the effect of green initiatives on sustainable development goals, and challenges hindering the use of green initiatives for sustainable development. The study utilized a mixed-methods research approach. The study population comprised 665 hospitality students in selected TVET institutions. The sample size was determined using Yamane's formula to be 250. For collecting quantitative data, the study used structured questionnaires, while for qualitative data collection, the study conducted interviews with five principals. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis were done using SPSS software to find frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regressions. The results indicated that green initiatives were highly adopted with a mean of 4.087 by way of reminders of energy saving, tree planting activities, proper waste management, and campus greening. The stakeholders had some degree of awareness regarding sustainable development with a mean of 3.284, showing that awareness exists but green knowledge and skill application is not fully developed. Green initiatives had some impact on sustainable development with a mean of 3.696 by enhancing institution reputation and environment-friendly behaviour. There existed various challenges to adoption of green initiatives in institutions with a mean of 4.210 because of poor regulation, high cost, lack of resources, and low knowledge. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the variables studied explained 66.0% of sustainable tourism and hospitality development.