Artificial Intelligence (AI) Enabled Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) Digital Learning and Pedagogy Framework: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic review examines the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) in digital learning and pedagogy. Guided by PRISMA 2020 and systematic mapping methods, the study reviewed 135 studies published between 2015 and 2026. The findings show that AI tools such as adaptive learning, intelligent tutoring systems, natural language processing, generative AI, and learning analytics can support the digitization, preservation, and dissemination of IKS. The review highlights the potential of AI–IKS frameworks for multilingual learning, culturally responsive pedagogy, ethical AI, inclusive education, and personalized learning. However, challenges such as digital divide, teacher readiness, algorithmic bias, and limited representation of Indian languages remain significant. The study concludes that AI-enabled IKS frameworks can promote a balanced, culturally rooted, ethical, and technology-supported model of education.