An Efficient Desktop-Based File and Folder Encryption Framework Using Fernet Cryptography

Abstract

Data security has become one of the most critical concerns in the modern digital era due to the rising frequency of cyberattacks, unauthorized file access, ransomware infections, and data theft. Personal users, students, organizations, and businesses continuously store confidential information in digital format, making robust file protection essential. This research paper presents a desktop-based cybersecurity application named Secure File & Folder Encryptor, developed using Python 3.13.3, Tkinter GUI, and Fernet symmetric encryption from the Python Cryptography library. The application allows users to encrypt and decrypt individual files, folders, images, and ZIP archives securely on the Windows platform. A unique cryptographic key is generated per encryption operation and stored as a .key file, while the ciphertext is saved as a .enc file. The system implements AES-128-CBC with HMAC-SHA256 for authenticated encryption, ensuring confidentiality, data integrity, and tamper detection. The software is distributed as a Windows Setup installer (.exe) requiring no Python environment. Future enhancements include migration to a Django/Flask web platform with AI-based threat analysis and cloud storage integration.