Response of Feeding Concentrate and Inclusion Levels of Hydroponic Maize Fodder to Yankasa Rams in Semi-Arid Environment of Nigeria

Abstract

This study evaluated the response of feeding concentrate supplementation and varying levels of hydroponic maize fodder (HPMF) on growth performance, nutrient intake, nutrients digestibility, and nitrogen balance of growing Yankasa rams. The objective was to determine growth rate, nutrients intake, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen balance. Nine (9) rams (average initial weight: 16 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments with three animals per treatment in a completely randomized design. The control diet consisted of concentrate (13.4% crude protein), while the other treatments included 30% and 60% HPMF. The experiment lasted 90 days. Feed samples were analyzed for proximate and fibre composition. Body weights were recorded at the start and at two-week intervals. Digestibility and nitrogen balance were determined using total faecal and urine collection methods. Feed intake and live-weight changes were recorded to determine weight gain. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results showed significant (P < 0.05) differences in feed intake, weight gain, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. Rams fed the control diet had superior growth performance, while those on 60% HPMF recorded higher feed intake. Nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance were also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the control group. It was concluded that HPMF can be included up to 60% with concentrate supplementation; however, optimal performance is achieved with concentrate-based diets.