Prevalence of Prostate Disease in Men Attending Urology Clinic at Federal Medical Centre Makurdi Using PSA as a Marker

Abstract

Prostate diseases remain a major public health concern worldwide, particularly among aging male populations. This study investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of prostate disease in men attending the Urology Clinic at the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, using serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels as a diagnostic marker. A total of 100 male participants aged 50 years and above were recruited for PSA testing, while 200 participants completed structured questionnaires on demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Serum PSA levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Elevated PSA was defined as ≥4.0 ng/mL. Elevated PSA levels were observed in 60% of participants tested, with the highest prevalence among the Hausa (33.3%) and Tiv (30%) ethnic groups, and in men aged 60–69 years (55%). Questionnaire data indicated that 66% of respondents reported a history of prostate disease, and 61% had a family history of the condition. Bacterial infections (45%) and diabetes mellitus (30.5%) were the most frequently reported comorbidities. The findings demonstrate a substantial burden of prostate disease among men in Makurdi, highlighting age, family history, and comorbidities as key risk factors. Routine PSA screening, particularly among high-risk groups, is recommended for early detection and intervention.