Phyto-Pharmacological Studies on Genus Oxalis L. in India: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The family Oxalidaceae, comprising around five genera and 565 species, is predominantly found in tropical and subtropical regions, with species distributed globally, including temperate zones. The genus Oxalis includes about 500 species, most of which are native to South Africa and South America. These species are typically herbs, with some being woody, and exhibit a range of habitat adaptations, growing from sea level to altitudes over 3700 meters. In India, Oxalis comprises 10 species, including O. acetosella L., O. corniculata L., O. pes-caprae L., O. debilis Kunth. and others. Historically, Oxalis was placed in the family Geraniaceae in works such as the Flora of the Presidency of Madras and the Flora of British India. This review focuses on the phytochemical properties of seven common Oxalis species found in India (O. corniculata L., O. acetosella L., O. pes-caprae L., O. latifolia Kunth., O. tetraphylla Cav., O. triangularis A.St.-Hil. and O. debilis Kunth.), highlighting their bioactive compounds with potential medicinal applications. The species are known for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, supporting their use in traditional medicine. The present analysis primarily focused on an overview of the phytochemistry and pharmacognosy of selected Oxalis spp. to understand their therapeutic potential.