Generational Differences in Health Perceptions and Wellness Practices: A Sociological Study from Kerala

Abstract

Health perceptions and wellness practices are socially constructed and are shaped by generational experiences, socio-cultural contexts, and ongoing technological transformations. These perceptions are not static; rather, they evolve over time as individuals interact with changing social environments and systems of knowledge. This study examines generational differences in health perceptions and wellness practices in Kerala, India, by comparing four distinct cohorts, namely Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z. By focusing on these cohorts, the study aims to understand how historical context and lived experiences influence health-related attitudes and behaviors. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight participants representing these cohorts within a family setting in Puramannur, Malappuram district, thereby allowing for an in-depth exploration of intergenerational dynamics within a shared socio-cultural context.
The findings reveal a clear generational transition in health orientations. Older generations rely predominantly on traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and home remedies, reflecting culturally embedded practices and long-standing belief systems. In contrast, younger generations increasingly adopt modern biomedical approaches and digital health technologies, influenced by scientific advancements and greater access to information. Significant differences are observed in areas such as digital health adoption, mental health awareness, lifestyle practices, and patterns of healthcare utilization. The study employs Generational Cohort Theory, Social Constructionism, the Social Determinants of Health framework, and Bourdieu’s concept of habitus to interpret these variations. Overall, the research contributes to medical sociology by offering a localized intergenerational perspective and provides policy-relevant insights for designing inclusive, sustainable, and technologically adaptive healthcare systems.