Design and Implementation of an Adaptive On-Board Charger for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The increasing demand for efficient battery charging systems in electric vehicle (EV) and power electronic applications has led to the development of power factor correction (PFC) techniques. Conventional AC-DC converters suffer from poor power factor, high harmonic distortion, and increased input current, which reduces overall system efficiency. This paper presents the design and simulation of an Active Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter using a MOSFET-based boost topology implemented in MATLAB. The system converts a 230 V AC input into a regulated DC output suitable for charging a 60 V, 60 Ah battery. A MOSFET switch, controlled through a PWM-based feedback loop, ensures that the input current follows the input voltage waveform, thereby improving the power factor close to unity. The proposed system significantly reduces reactive power, input current distortion, and line losses. Simulation results demonstrate improved performance in terms of power factor (up to 0.95), reduced Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and efficient energy transfer to the battery.