Bedbugs (Cimex Lectularius) As Vectors of Disease: An Overview of Transmission, Management, Prevention, and Control Strategies

Abstract

Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) are hematophagous insects that have resurged globally, posing a significant public health concern. This review examines the potential of bedbugs as vectors of human disease, focusing on their ability to transmit pathogens such as hepatitis B virus, Trypanosoma cruzi, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A comprehensive analysis of 20 studies revealed that 70.0% reported bedbugs can harbor pathogens, but only 25.0% demonstrated experimental transmission to animals or humans. The review also evaluates current management, prevention, and control strategies, highlighting the effectiveness of heat treatment and the need for novel control methods. Knowledge gaps are identified, including the need for more research on experimental transmission, management effectiveness in different settings, and novel control methods. This review underscores the importance of understanding bedbugs as potential disease vectors and the need for effective management strategies to mitigate the risk of disease transmission.