The New Global Order Compared to Other World Orders: A Critical Analysis in International Political Economy

Abstract

This study critically examines the emergence of a new global order and contrasts it with historical world orders—the Westphalian, Bipolar, and Unipolar systems—through the lens of international political economy (IPE). While traditional frameworks focused on state-centric hierarchies and economic asymmetries, the new global order is characterized by multipolar power distribution, technological disruption, economic interdependence, and normative contestation. The article provides a comparative analysis of power structures, economic systems, institutional frameworks, and normative dimensions, highlighting the continuities and ruptures in global governance. Findings suggest that the new global order represents a hybrid system where state and non-state actors jointly shape international politics and economics, requiring innovative multilateral governance approaches.