Challenges and Responses in the Alternative Learning System: Addressing Management Issues in the Non-Formal Education

Abstract

Persistent management deficiencies continue to undermine the effective implementation of the Alternative Learning System (ALS), as issues such as inadequate resources, weak administrative coordination, and inefficient program management hinder the consistent delivery of non-formal education services. These challenges affect the capacity of ALS implementers to provide accessible and quality learning opportunities for out-of-school youth and adult learners. This study examined the management challenges encountered in ALS implementation and the responses developed by administrators and implementers to sustain program delivery. Specifically, it examined the structural and administrative barriers that affect ALS operations and the coping mechanisms employed to maintain program continuity despite limited institutional support. This study utilized a qualitative single-case study design anchored in Systems Theory, which views ALS as an interconnected system where leadership, resources, community participation, and administrative processes interact to influence program outcomes. Conducted in Davao City using purposive sampling, the participants included one ALS coordinator, several ALS teachers, and one confirmer who was either an ALS graduate or a parent of an ALS completer. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and experiences among the participants. Findings revealed several persistent challenges, including the lack of appropriate learning spaces, delays in the provision of instructional materials, excessive administrative workload, and coordination gaps among stakeholders. Despite these constraints, ALS implementers demonstrated resilience by adopting flexible scheduling, strengthening community collaboration, and utilizing improvised teaching strategies to sustain learning delivery. The study concludes that stronger institutional support, improved resource allocation, and responsive policy reforms are necessary to enhance ALS management and ensure the sustainability of non-formal education programs.