Relapse Trajectories and Psychosocial Characteristics of Adolescents in Rehabilitation Care in Jos, Nigeria
by Damaris Kyoni Dangiwa, Dauda Audi Dangiwa, Enoch Gback Dangiwa, Ikechukwu Felix Onwuliri, Isaac Hezekiah Achwai, John Kayode Falana, Josiah Nanpon Dangun, Moses David Audu, Ogaraku Marvin, Timothy Olugbenga Ogundeko, Yusufu Maigari
Published: March 17, 2026 • DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI.2026.130200166
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) among adolescents constitute a growing public health concern in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa, with prevalence estimates ranging from 32.9% to 69.3% nationally and approximately 41.6% regionally. This retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed 220 clinical case files of adolescents and young adults treated for substance use disorders at Quintessential Healthcare Centre, Jos, between 2010 and 2018. Data extracted included socio-demographic characteristics, substances of abuse, assessment instruments, psychosocial interventions, number of admissions, and relapse episodes. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20.0. Findings showed marked male predominance (83.6%) and a mean age of 29.88 ± 8.84 years, indicating early initiation with persistence into adulthood. Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis were the most frequently abused substances. The mean number of admissions was 1.50 ± 1.01, while the mean relapse rate was 0.71 ± 1.12. Relapse was associated with peer influence, unemployment, family dysfunction, and limited structured aftercare. Strengthened prevention, gender-sensitive services, and structured post-discharge follow-up are recommended.