Performance Evaluation of Concrete Using GGBS and Silica Fume as Partial Cement Replacements

Abstract

The escalating cost of cement poses significant barriers to affordable construction, limiting access for individuals and smaller entities beyond governments and affluent sectors. This study explores sustainable alternatives by investigating the compressive strength properties of high-performance M50 grade concrete incorporating Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and silica fume (SF) as partial cement replacements. Three distinct concrete mixtures were developed with GGBS replacement levels of 0%, 10%, 15% & 20% by weight of cement, combined with SF additions of 0%, 15%, 20% & 25%. Concrete cubes were cast, compacted, and cured in a controlled tank environment for 7, 28 and 56 days. Post-curing, specimens underwent density determination followed by compressive strength testing at each interval to evaluate early-age and long-term performance. Incorporating these pozzolanic materials reduces cement demand by up to 35%, lowering production costs, minimizing CO₂ emissions, and promoting resource efficiency. This approach fosters sustainability in the construction industry, enabling economic viability for broader infrastructure development while maintaining structural integrity. Future work could extend to flexural, tensile, and durability assessments under varied exposure conditions.