Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetes and Hypertension Among Healthcare Workers in Public Hospitals of Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria

Abstract

Background
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are major risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), coronary heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. The study investigates diabetes, hyperglycemia, and hypertension prevalence among healthcare workers in Sokoto State, Nigeria, aiming to improve occupational health and targeted interventions.
Objectives
This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of Diabetes, hyperglycemia, and Hypertension among healthcare workers in public hospitals in Sokoto State, North-Western Nigeria.
Methodology
This analytical, cross-sectional study involving healthcare workers aged 18 and above was conducted. Data were collected through the WHO STEPS Instrument, blood pressure measurement, Anthropometric assessment, and biochemical analysis. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and regression analysis were performed.
Results
Among 315 participants, 186 (59%) were female, with a mean age of 35.45 years, and 222 (70.5%) were married. Nurses constituted 209 (66.3%). This study found that hyperglycemia was present in 7.9% of participants, 4.4% had Diabetes, 17.8% had systolic and diastolic hypertension, and 12.1% of participants had dyslipidemia, with most having normal total cholesterol. Dietary habits indicated inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, below the WHO recommendations. Additionally, 40.0 (12.7%) frequently added salt to their meals, and 134.0 (42.5%) engaged in physical activity, while 181.0 (57.5%) did not. Only 2.2% had LDL-C dyslipidemia, while 97.8% had normal LDL cholesterol. Triglyceride distribution was balanced, with 51.4% having dyslipidemia and 48.6% in the normal range.
Conclusion
This study underscores the need for interventions addressing modifiable risk factors, including physical activity and dietary habits, to mitigate NCDs among healthcare workers in public hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria.

Recommendations
Future research should delve into the specific impact of these factors on distinct NCD outcomes within this population. Such interventions can play a crucial role in reducing the burden of NCDs in LMICs and improving the overall health of healthcare workers.