Climate Change, Inequality and Uneven Development in Africa by Etta-Nyoh Yvan Ayuk (Ph.D.) & Elangwe Gideon Eyakwe

Abstract

This paper titled climate change, inequality and uneven development in Africa sets out to investigate the relationship between climate change, inequality and uneven development in Africa. Africa stands at the frontline of climate change despite being one of the lowest contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. The continent is experiencing a surge in climate-related disasters like droughts, floods, heatwaves, desertification, and rising sea levels which are directly affecting agricultural productivity, human health, migration patterns, and general well-being. However, these impacts are not felt equally. The paper contends that climate change in Africa not only exposes environmental vulnerability but also exacerbates existing socio-economic inequalities and contributes to the continent’s uneven development. Using case studies from regions such as the Sahel, the Horn of Africa, and Southern Africa, this study shows how marginalized populations especially rural communities, women, and youth are disproportionately affected by climate-related shocks. A mixed-method approach is employed, drawing from climate vulnerability indices, socio-economic data, and field studies to illustrate how development disparities are being widened by ecological disruptions. The study adopts the lenses of climate justice, dependency theory, and sustainable development to examine the structure and consequence of inequality in the face of climate change. The findings suggest that African governments, in collaboration with regional and global partners, must address this crisis through strategic policy interventions that combine climate adaptation, equitable resource allocation, and inclusive development planning. Recommendations include investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, ensuring access to clean energy, and advocating for fair international climate financing mechanisms. Ultimately, this article highlights that without environmental justice and equality, sustainable development in Africa will remain elusive.