204 Articles
Dr.Swapnil Madhukar Khare
Jalgaon district is located in the north of Maharashtra. About 75% to 85% of the population of the district is dependent on agriculture and agro-based industries. In addition to traditional farming, chemical farming is also practiced mainly in the district, but in the last few years, it has been noticed that soil texture is deteriorating due to overuse of chemical fertilizers. There is a huge difference in the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash in the soil in most of the areas. Soil testing is often neglected by farmers, and overuse of chemical fertilizers has led to a decrease in the number of bacteria in the soil, leading to the disappearance of naturally occurring fertilizers from the soil. As a result, the soil texture has deteriorated drastically and if it is not repaired in time, the possibility of major damage in the future cannot be ruled out. This research has been constructed to solve this problem.
Christina Y. Pacubas, Neil Bryan Y. Pacubas
The level of financial literacy among Filipinos varies depending on the study and source. According to a 2019 survey conducted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), only 23% of Filipinos have a basic financial understanding. This study assessed the impact of financial literacy on personal investment decisions among the workforce of CTU Main Campus. It utilized a descriptive survey method, employing statistical tools such as percentage and frequency distributions, t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation. There was a significant relationship in terms of the respondents' knowledge, skills, and behavior and the factors that influence their personal investment decisions. The salient findings of this study lead to the conclusion that financial literacy is crucial for making informed financial decisions, avoiding costly mistakes, and achieving long-term financial stability and success. It is hoped that this study will rekindle interest in conducting further research on financial literacy and other aspects of financial investments as they contribute to the workforce’s financial status improvement and freedom in the future years to come.
Eliab Byamukama Mpora, Eton Marus, Kyakunzire Annet Mitchel, Sunday Arthur
This study investigates the role of financial transparency, collaborative governance, financial analysis, and reporting practices in shaping the financial performance and resilience of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Ankole region of Uganda. Using qualitative interviews with SME owners, managers, and finance officers, the research explores how financial management tools—ranging from basic budgeting apps to sales forecasting—enable strategic planning and risk management. Findings reveal that enhanced financial analysis supports proactive decision-making, operational discipline, and growth readiness, while persistent challenges in financial reporting hinder access to credit and sustainable expansion. The study underscores the importance of context-appropriate financial technologies and capacity-building initiatives to bridge financial management gaps. Implications for policy and practice include fostering inclusive financial governance and targeted digital solutions tailored for resource-constrained SMEs. This research contributes to understanding SME resilience in volatile economic environments and offers pathways for improving financial management in similar developing contexts.
Dr. Kumara S.K
The present study entitled “A Study on Gender Equality and Self-Esteem of Post Graduate Students” investigates the intricate relationship between gender equality and self-esteem among students pursuing postgraduate studies at Mysore University. The research is grounded in the recognition that gender equality and self-esteem are fundamental indicators of human development, social progress, and individual well-being. Gender equality, enshrined in the Constitution of India and reinforced through national policies and international frameworks such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-5), ensures equal rights, opportunities, and responsibilities irrespective of gender. Similarly, self-esteem, defined as an individual’s evaluation of self-worth and personal value, plays a critical role in shaping decision-making, motivation, resilience, and mental health. The study adopts a descriptive survey design with a sample of 200 postgraduate students drawn through stratified random sampling from different departments of Mysore University. The research employs a researcher-constructed Gender Equality Scale, focusing on domains such as language, family interaction, media, literature, culture, and upbringing, alongside the standardized Self-Esteem Scale developed by Dhar and Dhar (2015). Statistical analyses, including percentage analysis and t-tests, were utilized to assess levels and differences across gender. Findings reveal that while the majority of students displayed average levels of gender equality and self-esteem, significant gender differences emerged in self-esteem but not in gender equality. Specifically, male and female students were found to hold similar perceptions of gender equality, but female students scored significantly higher in self-esteem compared to their male counterparts. These results highlight the complex interplay between societal norms, gender roles, and individual self-perceptions in shaping the experiences of young adults in higher education. The study has important educational implications. It underscores the need for equitable classroom opportunities, gender-sensitive curriculum practices, and the promotion of cooperative learning strategies. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of extracurricular engagement, media awareness, and motivational interventions in enhancing self-esteem among students, particularly those with lower levels of self-confidence. Strengthening gender equality and fostering positive self-esteem can create inclusive educational environments that empower students to achieve their full potential and contribute meaningfully to society. In conclusion, the research reaffirms that sustainable social development is possible only when gender equality and self-esteem are cultivated together. Equal opportunities and recognition of both genders, coupled with efforts to nurture students’ confidence and self-worth, are vital for building a progressive, balanced, and inclusive society.
Agiwale Sanika .B., Chirate Rahul.D., Kokate Girish.R., Patil Kalyani P., Wadhavinde Sanjana S
Vorasidenib, a novel dual inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), has gained considerable attention for its therapeutic potential in the treatment of low-grade gliomas and other IDH-mutant malignancies. Accurate and reliable analytical methods are essential for the quantitative estimation of Vorasidenib in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms to ensure quality, safety, and efficacy. Among the available analytical techniques, Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) has emerged as the method of choice due to its sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness. This review highlights the development and validation strategies of RP-HPLC methods for Vorasidenib, focusing on critical parameters such as selection of stationary and mobile phases, optimization of chromatographic conditions, and detection wavelength. Method validation is discussed in accordance with ICH guidelines, covering accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, robustness, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). Furthermore, the review emphasizes the application of validated methods in routine quality control and stability studies of pharmaceutical formulations. Overall, the article provides comprehensive insights into RP-HPLC method development for Vorasidenib, serving as a valuable reference for researchers and pharmaceutical analysts engaged in drug analysis and regulatory submissions.
A. Abirami, Dr. S. Sanjith
This paper provides an in-depth examination of the concept of separation of powers in India, the UK, and the US. It explores the historical development and evolution of the separation of powers doctrine in these countries, considering its theoretical foundations and practical implications. The paper conducts a comparative analysis of the legislative, executive, and judicial powers in India, the UK, and the US, highlighting similarities and differences in their respective systems. Special attention is given to the role of the judiciary in safeguarding the separation of powers and ensuring accountability. The constitutional provisions and mechanisms that establish and protect the separation of powers are explored, with a particular focus on checks and balances. The paper also delves into the challenges and controversies surrounding the separation of powers in these three countries, addressing potential threats and shortcomings. Finally, drawing insights from the comparative study, the paper offers valuable lessons and implications for enhancing the separation of powers in India, with relevance to other jurisdictions. By examining these aspects, this paper aims to deepen our understanding of the separation of powers as a crucial component of democratic governance and shed light on its practical application in different contexts.
Dr Prabhavati Arvind Patil, Ms Padma Annappa Nalawade
James Crace, a renowned English novelist, playwright, and short story writer was born on March 1, 1946. His literary work primarily revolves around novels and short stories. The issue of ecosystem destruction is explored in Jim Crace’s Being Dead (1999) via the prisms of decomposition, the impact of humans on the environment, and the cyclical nature of life and death. The story unfolds in reverse chronological order, going back to their first meeting, symbolically rewinding the emotional decline to a time of liveliness. This mirrors natural cycles: death → decomposition → renewal. Syl’s emotional detachment represents a broken reproductive or relational bond—the “offspring” doesn’t inherit the emotional legacy of the couple’s relationship. Crace portrays a terrifying breakdown of social, emotional, and even ecological dependency in Being Dead, as the main characters transform from human observers into elemental specimens that are deserted by both society and organism. The paper, “A Journey Through Craceland: Micro-Ecological Breakdown in Jim Crace’s Being Dead” highlights not just environmental degradation but also the deterioration of common behaviours, collective memory, belief systems, and social institutions that support a community's identity. Crace typically depicts cultural structures as fragile, cyclical, and prone to both slow decline and rapid rupture.
Abura Geoffrey, Bwambale William, G. R. Neel, Vidya Sankarapandian
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an opportunistic fungal infection of the female lower genital tract caused by Candida spp. and is responsible for 90% of the cases of infectious vaginitis. VVC during pregnancy remains neglected; however, it poses several complications, leaving this uniquely vulnerable group at risk of mismanagement. This study addressed these urgent gaps by synthesizing global prevalence trends, pregnancy-specific risk dynamics, and emerging resistance patterns. The VVC incidence was the highest in East Africa, with Kenya reporting the highest prevalence at 90.38%, which was slightly higher than that reported in Uganda (73.1%) and the lowest in developed countries (61.1%). C. albicans was the predominant Candida spp. isolated from both regions. VVC was associated with the use of hormonal contraceptives, a history of diabetes mellitus, the use of antibiotics, regular douching, the third trimester, and a multigravida status. In developed countries, most Candida spp. are resistant to nystatin and clotrimazole, and are sensitive to miconazole. In sub-Saharan countries, nystatin, and miconazole have good antifungal activity, and C. albicans has the highest sensitivity to miconazole. In Uganda, clotrimazole resistance was the highest in C. krusei. All Candida spp. presented the lowest resistance to nystatin and miconazole. In conclusion, VVC is highly prevalent in East Africa and lowest in developed countries, with C. albican as the dominant causative agent peaking in the third trimester. The increasing resistance to nystatin and clotrimazole in developed countries, and to nystatin, and miconazole demonstrated good antifungal activity in sub-Saharan countries and Uganda. This resistance pattern demands flexibility in empirical therapy for non-C. Albican.
Nadzirah Nasir, Nur Shuhailah Nor Shahrudin, Siti Rohaidah Shamsudin
This study examines the work-life balance (WLB) challenges and coping strategies among private university lecturers in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, it explores the interplay between professional demands, institutional expectations, and personal responsibilities. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with seven lecturers of diverse demographics and roles. The findings reveal key challenges, including role complexity, emotional exhaustion, and workplace conflicts exacerbated by rigid institutional policies and excessive workloads. Effective coping mechanisms, such as flexible working arrangements, time management, and institutional support systems, emerged as pivotal in mitigating these challenges. This research underscores the importance of organizational policies that foster a balanced academic environment, emphasizing the need for enhanced institutional support and the adoption of sustainable practices to improve lecturers' well-being and job satisfaction. The insights contribute to the broader discourse on achieving work-life balance in higher education and its implications for academic productivity and institutional success.
Joyreen Mwende Ngei, Lucy M. Nyabwengi, Sylvester Munguti Masu
The construction industry in Nairobi City County, Kenya, plays a critical role in urban development but continues to face challenges related to inefficiencies, cost overruns, and waste generation. Lean Construction (LC), a philosophy derived from the Toyota Production System, offers a framework for enhancing productivity through waste minimization and value creation. This article reviews the current state of LC implementation in Nairobi City County by drawing on both global literature and empirical findings from recent field research. The study reveals that while awareness of LC is relatively high (70%), actual implementation remains low (36%), with tools such as 5S, Just-in-Time (JIT), and the Last Planner System (LPS) being partially applied. The most significant waste sources identified were inventory waste (58%), labour inefficiency (53%), and waiting time (41%). Barriers to implementation include lack of awareness, resistance to change, fragmented supply chains, and inadequate training. The findings highlight the potential of LC in addressing inefficiencies, but greater institutional support, capacity building, and policy integration are necessary to realize its full benefits in Nairobi’s construction sector.
Krishanu Samanta
The awareness of medicinal plants and its medicinal value must have been accumulated in the lots of centuries but it is our bad luck that proper chemical and pharmacological evaluation of most of these plants have not done till now. Keeping this view details studies on ethno botanical study of Artemisia annua. The plant Artemisia annua which is well-known for its ability to treat malaria. Artemisia annua has been researched for a wide range of biological activities, such as its ability to regulate the immune system, fight cancer, and have metabolic effects. Secondary metabolites such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and phenolic chemicals, whose biological characteristics have been thoroughly researched. Sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin is mostly found in the leaves of Artemisia annua. The potential value of this chemical and its derivatives as anti malarial medicines has drawn interest. This review will focus on Artemisia annua plant benefits of using medicinal herbs.
Pooja S Dalvi, Sharad S Sankhe
Nitrosamine impurities are chemical compounds that can unintentionally form in active pharmaceutical ingredient during manufacturing or storage. Nitrosamine are carcinogenic and genotoxic. Nitrosamines are a group of nitroso compounds that can be formed when secondary or tertiary amine from API like-Lansoprazole, Dasatinib, Nilotinib or Oxybutynin react with nitrosating agents like NaNO2 in acidic medium or Tert-butyl nitrite etc. Validated analytical methods are used for identification and quantification these impurities. Highly sensitive instruments like High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas chromatography (GC) required for quantification of these impurities and Mass Spectroscopy (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) are required for identification, these impurities have certain limit which can be detected on these instruments.
Dr V.Ilamparithi, Karuppiah Saravanapperumal
The protagonists of films have a key role to play in taking forward the plots of the films. This is due to the reason that the stories of the films always revolve around them. In addition to this, the obstacles and the enemies they face play a key role in both the progression of the stories and also of their personal character arcs. Sometimes, the character arcs of the protagonists sometimes also change throughout the films, correcting their flaws and evolving into better persons. These arcs are called as morally ascending character arcs. Such types of arcs are important for films to be chosen for cinema therapy. This is due to the reason as these types of characters who successfully manage their emotional and psychological problems, can be easily related to by the students or clients. They also play a key role in aiding in their successful recovery from emotional and psychological issues. This study will be analysing the development of the character arc of the protagonist young Orion from the film Orion and the Dark . It would also study how the change in his character arc relate to him solving his emotional and psychological issues, which are similar to those faced by the students or clients in cinema therapy. This study utilises a mixed methodology of a case study approach and the methodology of qualitative content analysis based on the 12 stages of a Hero’s Arc Journey according to Christopher Vogler. The results of the study found that the film depicted young Orion overcoming his emotional or psychological issues in a very gradual and realistic way which could be related to by the school going children watching the film for cinema therapy.
Dr. Kiran D. Ahirrao
The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being of college going students. Earlier researches have revealed that personal devotion, participation in religious activities, and religious salience are positively associated with different aspects of psychological well- being. A sample of 60 male and 60 Female of age range of 19 to 25 years participated in the study. These were skewed with respect to nowadays interest in religion and education level. Here are all kinds of religion attendance, frequency of prayer, obligatory prayers, religious service, and most vital is importance of religious were selected as independent variables as well as measures of religiosity while psychological wellbeing were selected as dependent. On psychological well-being there is no gender differences and in religiosity gender was significantly associated with all kinds of religious activities. Males are more religious than female and a strong positive relationship was revealed between religiosity and psychological well-being.
Dr.Ch.Ananda Kumar, Dr.Mathe Anil Kumar
The growing awareness of health, environmental sustainability, and food safety has led to a significant rise in consumer interest in organic food products. This study examines consumer attitudes and buying behavior towards organic foods, focusing on the factors that influence purchasing decisions. It explores consumer perceptions, motivations, and barriers related to organic product consumption, considering variables such as health consciousness, environmental concerns, income levels, price sensitivity, and product availability. Data was collected through structured surveys and analyzed to understand patterns of consumer preferences and purchase intentions. The findings reveal that while consumers generally hold a positive attitude toward organic products due to their perceived health and environmental benefits, high prices, lack of awareness, and trust in certification remain major obstacles. This study contributes to understanding consumer behavior in the organic food sector and provides insights for marketers, policymakers, and producers to develop strategies that encourage sustainable consumption and market growth.
Anulika Ruphina Phil-Mba, Blessing Ginika Eke, Chidinma Eucharia Ikwelle, Emmanuel Chinedu Nnadi, Faith Temitope Elijah, Vivian Chinenye Odo, Vivian Ifeoma Okonkwo
Quinoline compounds and their derivatives have a vast distribution in nature coupled with their immense therapeutic potential. Due to the unfading therapeutic benefits of these compounds over the years, a lot of researchers are exploring the synthesis of various derivatives of quinoline which are screened for different therapeutic activities including, anti-malarial, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, anti-cancer anti-mycobacterial, cardio-protective, neuroprotective activity etc. This review highlights various advances in the synthetic routes and methodology for some quinoline derivatives including Friedlander modified metal-catalyzed reactions, Photo-induced oxidative annulation reaction, Microwave-assisted doebner reaction and their biological properties.
Mansi Verma, Neha Garg
This paper delves into the functioning and development of regulations for AI use in the current era. AI has significantly transformed the global landscape, especially in terms of governance. The future of AI involves governing its use, and this necessitates a comparative analysis between India and the European Union. Businesses globally are confronted with a choice between swiftly introducing AI-powered solutions to the market and establishing robust AI governance capabilities. Organizations that are proactive in creating and enforcing their AI management policies and principles, which promote trust, transparency, and high ethical standards, can help shape regional and global oversight and are more likely to succeed once regulations are in place. Experts are concerned about the ethical implications of opaque black box algorithms as AI systems are used for more complex tasks. Anyone affected by AI-assisted or automated decision-making should have adequate information to contest the outcome. To achieve this, data, AI systems, and other technologies need to be leveraged. This study compares India, which has introduced a digital bill, and the established regulations by the European Union. This research not only acknowledges current issues but also helps safeguard both governments from potential future criminal activities that could arise from artificial intelligence. AI is revolutionizing a wide range of industries, including finance, manufacturing, agriculture, and healthcare. It is enhancing operations and reshaping the nature of work. AI is enabling smarter fleet management and logistics, optimizing energy forecasting, creating more efficient use of hospital beds by analyzing patient data and predictive modeling, improving quality control in advanced manufacturing, and creating personalized consumer experiences.
Dr. S. Manham, Dr. S. S. Begum
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer just a futuristic concept—it has become a trusted partner in transforming healthcare around the world. Today, AI quietly works alongside doctors, nurses, and healthcare teams, streamlining everything from diagnosing illnesses to managing hospital operations. In clinics and hospitals, AI-powered tools analyze medical images, genetic data, and patient histories with remarkable speed and accuracy. This means diseases like cancer, heart conditions, and neurological disorders can often be detected far earlier than before, giving patients a much better chance at successful treatment. For example, AI-assisted radiology can flag unusual patterns in X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans in just seconds, helping doctors make faster, more confident decisions. In everyday primary care, AI acts like a digital co-pilot—suggesting tests, offering evidence-based treatment options, and even pulling in data from wearable devices or electronic health records to personalize care. One of the biggest breakthroughs in recent times is AI’s role in personalized medicine. By combining genetic information with lifestyle and medical history, AI helps design treatment plans tailored to each patient’s unique needs. AI has become a game changer for drug discovery and clinical trials. It can simulate how molecules interact, identify promising treatments, and even suggest new uses for existing medicines—speeding up the process of getting life-saving drugs to market, thus enabling a more proactive, precise, and compassionate healthcare system.
Fernandez, Ronald B, Leal, Lorgan, Magalona, Rio Jay N., Mariscotes, Gerald V, Marquez, Kurt Allen
The objective of this study is to develop an application that can assess ripeness and detect spoilage of the fruits and suggest a dish based on ingredients, freshness and condition of the fruits. Ripeness will assess through image processing gas sensor will assess the spoilage. An easy-to-use mobile interface enable the scanning together with the device to determine the fruits condition and efficient food choices. This study used the Agile methodology to develop the system. Agile is essential, and it has an iterative approach that focuses on flexibility, combination, and continuous improvement for the system. The process was split into several sprints, each working on important specific features, followed by testing and evaluation. Regular meetings were done to check the progression, solve problems, and plan next steps for the system for development. This method allowed the researchers to adapt to the changes and to ensure the system was developed effectively and efficiently. The system uses an app to minimize fruit waste by providing real-time spoilage and ripeness assessments, smart dish recommendations, and timely alerts. By processing few user inputs, gas sensor data, and image classification, the system accurately detects spoilage and ripeness data for multiple types of fruit. Based on the assessments, it recommends dishes that maximize the fruit usage before it spoils. The user-friendly system helps promote an improved household management and encourages a more mindful consumption. In conclusion the research developed a system using machine learning, image processing and sensor to assess the ripeness and spoilage of the fruits and recommend applicable dishes. Using agile methodology, the system was iteratively tested and improved to ensure the efficiency of the system. The sensor and mobile provide real-times assessment. The proposed system will assist to waste reduction and mindful consumption of the fruits.
Badhan Gain, Md. Anisur Rahman, Md. Momin, Mehedi Hassan, Shoeb Rahman Jisan
One of Bangladesh's most urgent problems is still load-shedding, especially in the Barishal region, where frequent outages are frequently caused by an imbalance between the supply and demand for electricity. The majority of traditional load shedding techniques are reactive, manual, and unable to adjust to changing operating conditions. In order to optimize load shedding decisions, this paper suggests an Artificial Intelligence (AI) method based on fuzzy logic. The approach incorporates a number of variables into a fuzzy inference engine, such as the supply-demand ratio, system frequency, and meteorological conditions. A MATLAB/Simulink model was created and evaluated in a variety of real-world situations, including weather disruptions, supply shortages, and generator failure. According to the results, the AI-controlled method outperforms classical methods in terms of frequency and voltage stability, outage duration, and response time to disturbances. The suggested plan has a great deal of potential to improve Barishal's power system dependability and can be expanded to other parts of Bangladesh.
Amit Pujari, Janhavi Raikar, Kinjal Vele, Rupali Jadhav, Rushikesh Uttekar, Vaishnavi Waghmare
Traditional attendance methods like manual entry and RFID-based systems are slow, errorprone, and vulnerable to manipulation, creating the need for a more secure and efficient solution. To address these issues, an AI-powered Automated Attendance Management System (AAMS) is proposed, integrating computer vision and machine learning techniques for realtime face detection and recognition. Developed using Python, the system leverages OpenCV for image preprocessing, while SQLite and MySQL are used for secure data storage and management. The core methodology involves three stages: face detection, feature extraction, and identity recognition. The Haar Cascade Classifier is employed for fast and accurate face detection, and the Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH) algorithm is used for robust face recognition under varying environmental conditions. Attendance is automatically recorded by matching detected faces with the database, reducing human intervention and errors. Experimental evaluation shows the system achieves 95%–97% accuracy, making it highly reliable and scalable. This approach provides a cost-effective, transparent, and secure solution suitable for schools, colleges, and corporate organizations, demonstrating the potential of AI and data science to revolutionize attendance tracking while enhancing operational efficiency and security.
Irene Mil S. Kilat, Ragr, Jake D. Balate, Ragr, Jolina A. Enardecido, Ragr
Solanaceous crops such as eggplant, tomato, and bell pepper are highly valuable crops in the Philippines for its versatility in Filipino food cuisines. However, these crops after harvest are prone to deterioration due to faster ripening and microbial contamination leading to short life duration during transport and storage. To address this challenge, introduction of botanical coatings to delay post-harvest deterioration of these crops is promising eco-friendly solution. Aloe (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) plant which is widely planted for its gel has been reported to contain biologically active compounds that are highly valuable for medicinal, cosmetic, and industrial uses. In the Philippines, aloe vera is valued as an ornamental plant with strong domestic demand and emerging export opportunities. It has also been studied as a potential edible coating to improve the post-harvest life of fruits, and has extensively applied for fresh produce preservation. However, studies about its effects on the post-harvest life of solanaceous crops in Philippine condition is limited. Thus, this study sought to investigate the effect of the different aloe gel (AG) concentrations as pre-treatment on the quality of eggplant, tomato, and bell pepper fruits during storage. Fruits were coated with AG and changes in the physical quality of the solanaceous fruits were measured during storage within 7, 12, and 21 days. The present study showed that coating with 20%-30% AG reduced the weight loss, and consequently, decreased loss of firmness, less shrinkage, lesser disease incidence and severity, thereby improving the visual quality of the fruits. Pre-treating the fruit with AG was done by mixing it with water to enhance the storage quality of the fruits. Results obtained from this study show that aloe gel coating can be useful in extending the postharvest storage life and maintaining the quality of solanaceous fruits during storage.
Dr. Kiran Kumar Kattappagari, Siddi Sathvik Kuruba
Significant equipment advancements have occurred in the medical field over the years, and medical imaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, mammography, and X-rays are essential for the precise diagnosis and efficient treatment of many diseases. Artificial intelligence (AI), which is intended to replicate the human brain's capacity to process information and produce outputs based on data inputs, is becoming more and more prevalent nowadays. Because of its many uses and enormous promise, artificial intelligence is currently being actively embraced in the healthcare sector. Diagnostic accuracy may be impacted by rising workloads, the complexity of medical procedures, and the possibility of human weariness. By increasing productivity and assisting medical and dental personnel in making better judgments, the incorporation of AI into dental especially oral pathological histopathological imaging systems helps to lessen this burden. AI systems are faster and more accurate than humans at analysing vast amounts of data, and they can even more precisely identify some types of cancer. This review proposals a thorough introduction to artificial intelligence (AI), focuses on current advancements in oral pathology, and considers potential future uses for AI in Oral pathological lesions.
Dr. John Egbe Inyang, Dr. Wekekayo Eteng Ekpe, James E. Archibong
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted in 1948 by the United Nations General Assembly to promote and protect human rights globally, following the atrocities of the Second World War. Nigeria, along with other States, adopted the Declaration and incorporated fundamental rights into domestic laws and the constitution. Successive Nigerian constitutions have provided for the rights to life, liberty, fair hearing, dignity, peaceful assembly, association, and freedom of expression, thought, conscience, religion, and movement, among others. To strengthen its human rights regime, Nigeria has ratified several international human rights treaties and established institutions such as the National Human Rights Commission and the Courts to ensure the implementation and enforcement of these rights. Despite these measures, implementation and enforcement have remained a critical issue. Violation of fundamental rights by state and non-state actors to varying degrees has persisted. This work assesses the impact of the UDHR and the extent of its application in Nigeria. Though Nigeria operates a constitutional democracy that professes the rule of law, separation of powers, and respect for human rights, in practice, these principles are undermined by arbitrariness, impunity, corruption, excessive use of force by security personnel, disrespect for court orders, abuse of civil and politics rights, extrajudicial execution, and lack of accountability. The paper recommends reforms in the judiciary to guarantee its impartiality and independence. It also suggests reforms in the security sector to end impunity and ensure accountability. In addition, human rights awareness campaigns, advocacy, and education would suffice to curb violations.
Edlin Z. Muzones, Genesis G. Camarista, Jan Mark S. Garcia, Jerson T. Valiao, Mark Ian S. Tilog, Michelle D. Deasis, Suzenette M. Javellana
This study explores the relationship between online learning habits and academic productivity among Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) students at West Visayas State University–Himamaylan City Campus (WVSU-HCC) during the first semester of Academic Year 2025–2026. Grounded in Zimmerman’s (1989) Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) theory, Davis’s (1989) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Vygotsky’s (1978) Constructivist Learning Theory, Sweller’s (1988) Cognitive Load Theory, and Astin’s (1984) Theory of Student Involvement, the study investigates how students’ learning behaviors in digital environments impact their academic productivity. A quantitative-correlational research design was employed, involving 117 BSIT students selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a validated and reliable researcher-developed survey instrument, with internal consistency coefficients of α = .916 for online learning habits and α = .910 for academic productivity. Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank-order correlation were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that BSIT students commonly engaged in productive online learning habits, including collaboration, time management, and digital tool use. A statistically significant and strong positive correlation was found between students’ online learning habits and their academic productivity. These findings suggest that well-developed self-regulatory and digital competencies are predictive of higher academic output in online and blended learning environments. The study concludes with recommendations for integrating SRL training, promoting peer collaboration, optimizing instructional design, and implementing institutional strategies that support cognitive and emotional engagement in virtual learning settings.
Anatoly Kolga, D.Kramsakov, Guldana Akanova, Ivan Stolpovskikh, Victor Aleksandov
The world's leading manufacturers of hydraulic equipment: Boschrexroth, Atos, PONAR Wadowice, etc. are constantly working hard to improve the design of hydraulic equipment. In recent years, the quality of hydraulic equipment, including hydraulic valves, has been significantly improved. But still, the efficiency of hydraulic equipment, in terms of energy losses, leaves much to be desired. By such an important indicator as efficiency factor, the hydraulic drive of mining machines is much inferior to the electric drive. The paper presents an analysis of one of the main elements of the control system of hydraulic drives - the hydraulic distributor. Using the example of the most widely used typical spool distributor, it is shown that energy (pressure) losses in hydraulic distributors occur due to vortex formation (turbulence) in separate parts of the hydraulic distributor. The cause of vortex formation is sharp changes in the cross-section of the liquid flow (contraction, expansion), as well as the presence of sharp changes in the direction of the flow. All these factors are well illustrated in the KompasFlow programme, which is based on computational fluid dynamics and is a version of the FlowVision software package integrated into KOMPAS-3D as an application. Visualisation layers show specific sections of the hydraulic distributor in which there are changes in flow direction, pressure and velocity values, and areas of turbulence. Visualisation of the fluid flow in the spool hydraulic distributor clearly confirms the fact that the currently existing designs of hydraulic distributors do not allow to exclude completely or minimise the number of vortex formation zones. It is necessary to create a new design of the hydraulic distributor operating on other, different principles from the existing one. The new design of the distributor should completely exclude or minimise the number of zones of possible turbulence occurrence and provide a corresponding reduction in energy (pressure) losses on the hydraulic distributor. The obtained results of the research can be used in real production.
Aderibigbe Subuola Christiana, Ajayi, Olubukunola Adesola, Arogundade Toliah Abiodun, Enaholo, Kikelomo Isimot, Joseph Comfort Oreoluwa, Ogunrinde Badejoko Alice, Sodiya Olaide Olasubomi, Sulaiman Abibat Damilola, Sulyman Funke
Postpartum depression is a serious mental disorder after childbirth, harming mothers, infants, and families. Delayed recognition increases risks, leading to untreated illness, chronicity, and recurrence, significantly affecting social and cognitive health. This study aimed to assess the contributing factors influencing postpartum depression among mothers attending Neuropsychiatric hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Ogun State in the last 10 years. This descriptive retrospective study involved 50 patient records which were selected using the purposive sampling method of the available patient records at the research setting. The checklist for data collection was compared with the literature review on the research topic and reviewed by experts in the field of nursing and midwifery to ensure content validity. The reliability of the instrument was assessed through test-retest method which yielded reliability index of 0.70. The data was collected using a checklist and results were presented in tables using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. This study revealed that participants, all within reproductive age, experienced postpartum depression. Social factors included lack of social support (50%) and breastfeeding difficulties (2%). Psychological contributors were dominated by financial difficulties (40%), alongside fewer cases of domestic violence and marital problems. These findings highlight the multifaceted nature of postpartum depression, shaped by both social and psychological determinants among affected mothers. This study concluded that Postpartum depression is multifactorial, influenced by psychological, obstetric, and social factors, with key risks including poor relationships, domestic violence, financial stress, psychiatric history, caesarean section, hypertension, breastfeeding challenges, and multiple births.
Kehinde Anthony Mogaji, Raheem Bodunde Salau
This study integrates geophysical, geological, and remote sensing techniques to evaluate groundwater potential in the basement complex terrain of southwestern Nigeria, an area where sustainable groundwater development remains a critical challenge. To produce a comprehensive groundwater potential map, eight thematic layers known to influence groundwater occurrence and movement were derived from the available datasets. These include lithology, slope, recharge rate, lineament density, aquifer transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, overburden thickness, and aquifer resistivity. Each parameter was carefully analyzed and weighted to reflect its relative significance in groundwater occurrence. The mapping process employed both the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its advanced fuzzy-based extension (FAHP) to compare the performance of conventional and modified multi-criteria decision-making techniques. The integrated analysis delineated the study area into five distinct groundwater potential zones, namely very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. These classes provided a spatial framework for understanding the variability of groundwater occurrence across the region.
Ms. Manjula, Sharaschandra K S
Statistical methods have become indispensable in modern business administration, offering structured approaches for decision-making, performance evaluation, and strategic planning. This study investigates the application of statistical methods in analyzing organizational performance across business sectors. A quantitative research design was employed, using survey data collected from 200 mid-level managers across manufacturing, services, and IT industries. Descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and ANOVA were applied to identify significant relationships between statistical methods usage and organizational performance metrics such as productivity, profitability, and employee efficiency. Results indicate that firms adopting advanced statistical tools demonstrate superior performance outcomes compared to those relying on traditional approaches. The study concludes that integrating statistical methods into business administration significantly enhances organizational performance, thereby justifying greater investment in statistical literacy and technology integration.
Dr. Mallikarjun B S
The time of human existence on earth is unknown. There are many theories behind this and religious books also highlight some information about this. The Sanatana dharma speaks about Manu; the first human on earth and others are his offspring, hence humans’ are called Manava. The Christian’s holy book Bible also gives information regarding this and Muslim’s Quran as well. There is no evidence to believe that all are true. This information might be true or illusion but proper investigation or historical research reveals the truth. As the human existence is suspicious so the date and time of some theories and civilization also exist doubtful even today. One such theory is ‘Aryan Invasion Theory’. Aryan invasion theory is an old theory where a community of Aryans invaded India from south Asia and sent the inhabitants to south part of India. Many years the theory stood as rock solid to make people believe but as technology improved and archeologists were hungry to know the truth, the theory got shaken. V S Shinde, an archeologist at Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute in Pune says- "The ancient DNA results completely reject the theory of Steppe pastoral or ancient Iranian farmers as a source of ancestry to the Harappan population. It demolishes the hypothesis about mass human migration during Harappan time from outside south Asia or before." The study says that the western scholars coined this theory to build a rift between the Indians. Then the questions arise, how Indian Gods’ idols are found in middle Asia and some other parts of the world? To unearth this truth we get some clues in the Vedas. One such clue is being revealed in this paper. A Rigveda mantra which details about the conversation between Rivers and Vishvamitra also proves this true. Rigveda’s third Astaka’s third chapter explains some important information about a conversation of sage Vishvamitra and Rivers. This Mantra reveals some interesting fact of Aryan theory.
Arabel Bantan, Bai Eusrah S. Ebrahim, Cynthia Claire F. Guinto, RPh, CPh, Sittie Julaifa Nekesha M. Santiago, Sofia Bianca D. Moyet
The increasing prevalence of hand muscle and joint weakness, particularly among patients with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), posed significant challenges in medication management. This study aimed to address these challenges by developing and evaluating the ASES (Accessory, Solution for Easier Support) detachable cap, an ergonomic innovation designed to facilitate the opening and handling of medication bottles. The research employed a quasi-experimental post-test-only design, involving 20 participants aged 18 and above with hand muscle and joint weakness, residing in Koronadal City. The ASES detachable cap was assessed through torque and tear resistance tests to evaluate its physical properties, and a survey questionnaire measured patient satisfaction and convenience. Results indicated a significant reduction in the force required to open medication bottles, with mean torque values decreasing from 4.78 N-m to 1.71 N-m. The tear resistance test demonstrated high durability, with a mean tear strength of 20.49 N/mm². Participants reported high levels of satisfaction and convenience, with overall mean scores of 4.37 and 4.08, respectively. The study concluded that the ASES detachable cap effectively enhances medication accessibility and management for patients with hand muscle and joint weakness, improving their independence and quality of life.
John Jericho Riel Padilla
This study examines the service delivery and client satisfaction of the City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (CDRRMO) of Tacloban City using the SERVQUAL framework which encompasses the dimensions of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. Anchored in systems theory, resilience theory, and the legal foundation of Republic Act 10121, the study employed a descriptive-quantitative research design. Data were gathered from fifty clients and ten employees through a Likert-Scale survey and analyzed using Spearman’s rank-order correlation and t-test. Findings revealed that service delivery was perceived as effective before and during disasters but less efficient after disasters, particularly in the restoration of essential services. Client satisfaction results indicated generally favorable perceptions across all SERVQUAL dimensions, with empathy and assurance emerging as the most significant contributors to satisfaction, while reliability presented opportunities for improvement. The analysis confirmed a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between service delivery and client satisfaction, underscoring that higher service quality directly enhances public confidence and stakeholder satisfaction. Based on the findings, a comprehensive enhancement plan was developed through capacity-building and training modules aligned with CDRRMO Resolution No. 004-00-24. The plan underscores policy coherence, inter-agency collaboration, and community participation, while integrating continuous monitoring and evaluation to ensure long-term sustainability. Its implementation aims to enhance institutional efficiency, foster public trust, and advance Tacloban City’s vision of more resilient and adaptive disaster management framework.
Fayemi Oluwaseyi, Iheanacho ,C. Fortune, Makinde John Akinade
The advent of immersive technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) has introduced new paradigms in architectural representation, construction documentation, and user interaction. While globally these technologies are increasingly being deployed to enhance clarity, collaboration, and decision-making in the production and interpretation of working drawings and specifications, their application within the Nigerian construction industry remains nascent and under-researched. This study aims to assess the extent and nature of user interaction with AR and VR in interpreting and engaging with construction drawings and technical specifications among Nigerian professionals. It interrogates the cognitive, operational, and technological implications of adopting immersive environments in a context traditionally dependent on 2D documentation methods. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study combines a structured questionnaire survey with in-depth interviews conducted among architects, engineers, and construction technologists across selected urban centers in Nigeria. The research evaluates levels of awareness, the depth of user engagement, perceived benefits and limitations, and the infrastructural and epistemological barriers to adoption. Preliminary findings suggest a growing interest in immersive visualization tools, particularly among younger professionals; however, widespread application is hindered by factors such as cost of technology acquisition, lack of training, limited institutional support, and inadequate integration into existing project workflows. By situating AR/VR interaction within the broader discourse of construction communication and documentation semiotics, the study reveals that these technologies, when appropriately deployed, can enhance the spatial intelligibility of complex designs, reduce errors associated with misinterpretation, and foster more efficient interdisciplinary collaboration. The research concludes with recommendations for pedagogical inclusion, policy frameworks, and strategic industry collaborations that can facilitate a gradual yet sustainable integration of immersive technologies into the Nigerian construction sector. Ultimately, this study contributes to bridging the digital divide in construction practice and opens pathways for more intuitive, interactive, and error-resilient documentation ecosystems.
Abba Oluchukwu, Ejimofor Chiamaka Frances, Ezeogo James Item, Ikechukwu Harmony Iheukwumere, Nwakoby Nnamdi Enoch
Bioremediation is one of the current approaches in environmental microbiology or environmental biotechnology that has been exercised for the reduction and removal of hydrocarbon pollutants. Microorganisms, typically bacteria that have particular metabolic capacities, are essential for the biodegradation of hydrocarbon pollutants. This study was undertaken to assess ex situ degradative potentials of Pseudomonas species isolated from palm oil effluent-polluted site using spectrophotometric method. Soil sediments were collected from different points at palm oil effluent disposal site located at different local palm oil producers at Uli community, Ihiala Local Government, Anambra State. The samples were analyzed for the presence of palm oil effluent degrading bacteria using a modified mineral basal medium. The bacterial isolates were characterized based on their cultural characteristics, microscopy, and biochemical characteristics. The hydrocarbon adaptation utilization potentials of the bacterial isolates were evaluated using spectrophotometric method. The biodegradative potentials of the bacterial isolates were evaluated using hydrocarbon supplemented modified mineral basal medium and spectrophotometer. The Gram negative bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas species. The optical diameter of the adapted bacterial isolates showed that the isolates adapted to the hydrocarbon medium while the biodegradative potentials of the isolates showed that the hydrocarbon was biodegraded as revealed in the weight loss, which increased as the day of degradation increased. The study has shown that Pseudomonas species are good hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria, which can be optimized in bioremediation of palm oil effluent-polluted site.
Arlyn B. Napeñas, Kate R. Wad-asen MD, Lorraine Regina Y. Co, MD
This retrospective observational study investigated the factors influencing neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) reversal agent use at Amang Rodriguez Memorial Medical Center (ARMMC) from June to December 2023. NMBAs facilitate endotracheal intubation, but reversal agents like Sugammadex and Neostigmine are used to prevent complications such as residual neuromuscular blockade. Objectives. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of reversal agent use and identify clinico-demographic characteristics affecting Sugammadex and Neostigmine administration. Data was collected via total enumeration sampling and chart review of 294 patients who underwent general anesthesia. The study examined variables including age, sex, BMI, comorbidities, ASA classification, and the specific muscle relaxant and reversal agent used. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Results showed that Sugammadex was used in 69.4% of reversals. Significant associations were found between age and reversal agent choice, with Sugammadex favored in children (p<0.001) and Neostigmine in middle-aged and older patients. Obese patients were more likely to receive Neostigmine (p=0.039). Patients with ASA II or III classifications and comorbidities were more likely to be reversed with Sugammadex (p=0.038). Notably, bronchial asthma was associated with a decreased likelihood of Sugammadex use (OR = 0.12, p = 0.05). This study highlights the influence of patient characteristics on reversal agent selection at ARMMC. The findings can inform the development of local guidelines to optimize NMBA reversal practices and improve patient safety.
Balabheemappa, Dr. Jyothi B. Panth
SWAYAM, the online learning platform launched by the Government of India, aims to provide free, quality education to learners across the country. With the increasing importance of digital platforms in teacher education, it becomes essential to understand how student-teachers perceive and use such resources. To explore this, a survey was conducted among student-teachers of Sree Siddaganga College of Education, Tumkur. This college was selected because it caters to students from both rural and urban backgrounds, offering a balanced view of learners’ awareness and opinions. The survey findings show that most student-teachers were aware of SWAYAM and recognized its potential in supporting self-paced and lifelong learning. A large number of respondents agreed that it is particularly beneficial for rural and remote learners, as it provides access to quality video lectures and reading materials. Student-teachers also expressed willingness to recommend the platform to their peers, highlighting a generally positive attitude. The results indicate that digital initiatives like SWAYAM can play a significant role in enriching teacher education. However, the study also suggests the need for greater awareness programs and training to help student-teachers make better use of the platform in their learning journey. But as the result reveals that there is a significant difference between arts and science students and science students showed higher awareness and more positive perceptions towards SWAYAM than Arts stream students, it is also suggested to include courses even in Kannada Language or can have bilingual facility in SWAYAM.
Dr. Jajbir Singh
Ayurveda and Naturopathy are holistic health systems that emphasize prevention, natural healing, and lifestyle regulation, closely reflecting the Gandhian ideals of simplicity, self-reliance, and ecological balance. In the context of Gandhi Jayanti, revisiting these indigenous traditions holds significant relevance for global health and sustainability. This study evaluates the philosophical and practical linkages of Ayurveda and Naturopathy with Gandhian thought while examining their role in preventive and community healthcare. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining literature review with primary observations from community-based wellness programs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to assess associations between natural lifestyle practices and the prevalence of lifestyle disorders. The findings revealed significant improvements in physical health parameters, including body mass index and blood pressure, along with enhanced ecological awareness among participants. These outcomes underscore the potential of Ayurveda and Naturopathy as cost-effective, sustainable, and culturally rooted health models. Strengthening research validation, policy integration, and public awareness will further advance their global relevance. Reaffirming these systems on Gandhi Jayanti not only honors his legacy but also contributes to sustainable health paradigms for the 21st century.
Dr. Jajbir Singh
Skin disorders constitute a major segment of global disease burden, affecting millions across all age groups. Chronic conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, acne, vitiligo, and recurrent infections significantly impair quality of life and often resist permanent cure through conventional dermatology. While modern approaches provide symptomatic relief through pharmacological and surgical interventions, recurrence, side effects, and psychosocial impact remain key challenges. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a holistic framework of dermatology (Kushtha Chikitsa) that emphasizes internal balance, detoxification, rejuvenation, and lifestyle correction. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Ayurvedic dermatology in the management of skin disorders, correlating classical principles with modern biomedical insights. Textual references from Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya are examined alongside contemporary evidence on phytopharmacology and clinical outcomes. Internal medicines including Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Haridra (Curcuma longa), and Khadira (Acacia catechu) are explored for their blood-purifying, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. Panchakarma therapies, Rasayana interventions, and diet-lifestyle regimens are highlighted as key holistic strategies. The paper integrates conceptual models of dosha imbalance, Agni dysfunction, and Ama accumulation with modern concepts of inflammation, immunity, and the gut-skin axis. Evidence from clinical trials, pharmacological studies, and integrative dermatology frameworks supports the relevance of Ayurveda in global skin health. Challenges such as lack of standardization, regulatory acceptance and need for rigorous randomized controlled trials are also discussed. The findings argue that Ayurveda provides a sustainable, patient-centred and scientifically relevant paradigm for integrative dermatology.
Arnold S. Baldo, Janette M. Casuco
The research focused on modifying the traditional siomai recipe by replacing ground pork with young bamboo shoots, aiming to offer a more nutritious and plant-based version. The primary goal was to assess how acceptable different bamboo shoot-to-pork ratios would be in terms of sensory attributes. Methods: This study utilized quantitative research approach using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with Five variations (T0–T4) were prepared by gradually decreasing the amount of ground pork from 250g to 0g and increasing bamboo shoots from 0g to 250g. Sensory evaluation was conducted among 62 students and 16 faculty-experts, who rated appearance, texture, aroma, and taste using a standardized 9-point hedonic scale. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis to evaluate differences in responses. Results: All formulations were well-received. Student participants generally gave higher scores than faculty-experts. T4, made entirely with bamboo shoots and no pork, obtained the top ratings across all attributes: appearance (students 8.27; experts 7.88), texture (8.02; 7.56), aroma (7.98; 7.81), and taste (8.16; 7.94). Across treatments, average ratings fell between “Like Very Much” and “Like Extremely.” Although the original (T0) was rated positively, T4 stood out as the most preferred version. Conclusions: Replacing pork with bamboo shoots preserved or improved the product’s sensory qualities. T4 was the most favored, suggesting that bamboo shoots are a viable, health-conscious, and sustainable alternative for siomai production.
Adum Joseph, Cecil Segero, Charles Masoud Mwadudu, Christopher Kahola, Godfrey Ochwoto, Godson Samwel, Hillary Gabriel
Through open access to data, papers, and methodologies, Open Science is a global movement that encourages transparency, accessibility, and cooperation in research. Although technology speeds up invention and discovery, adoption in low-resource environments is hampered by issues like inadequate digital infrastructure, a lack of financing, stringent regulations, and low awareness. Unreliable internet, a dearth of repositories, expensive publishing, and strict laws that forbid data sharing are some of the obstacles. International partnerships, outside funding, open-access platforms, preprint repositories, and capacity-building initiatives that offer tools, know-how, and awareness are examples of enablers. Researchers in resource-constrained environments might increase their visibility and engage more fully in international scientific conversation with institutional support and regulatory reforms. This study examines the barriers and enablers of Open Science adoption in low-resource contexts, offering insights to guide policymakers, institutions, and funders in creating inclusive strategies that advance global research and innovation.
Aliyu Idris, Audu Haruna Sympha, Mohammed Abdullahi Hameed, Ojo Emmanuel Suberu, Omolade Ojo
Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used in the treatment of colorectal cancer and other neoplasm whose underlying efficacy and biomolecular mechanism is generally believed to be through induction of Bax protein among others resulting in cell apoptosis but its toxicity precludes its chemotherapeutic benefits. However, there exists a dearth of knowledge on the use of other more efficacious and more tolerable novel aspirin analogues with better prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate Bax induction on SW480 cells treated with 0.5mM aspirin and novel aspirin analogues; PN508 (bis-carboxylphenol-succinate), PN517 (Fumaroyldiasprin) and PN529 (Isopropyl m- bromobenzoylsalicylate) measured after 48 hours of incubation at 370C using analytical digital photomicroscopy. The results of this study showed a 60-70% folds increase in Bax expression in 0.5mM Aspirin treated cells. 0.5mM PN517 and PN529 treated cells showed 70-80% folds increases in Bax expression whilst 0.5mM PN508 treated cells showed a significance of 100-120% folds increase in Bax expression. This study reports that 0.5mM aspirin and novel aspirin analogues PN508, PN517 and PN529 caused increase in Bax expression when exposed to SW480 cells at 370C for 48 hours. It could be inferred from the results of this study that novel aspirin analogues PN508, PN517 and PN529 are potentially more potent inducers of Bax protein than aspirin in SW480 cells. We therefore recommend that these novel aspirin analogues be considered in designing alternative and more efficacious drugs for the treatment of colorectal cancer and other neoplasm in the nearest future.
Dr Latha P, Dr. Rincy. V. Mathew
This paper explores the concept of "beauty" in management — the aesthetic, ethical, and harmonious qualities that make management practices not only effective but meaningful — by comparing principles from Vedic literature (Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita) with core ideas from modern management theory (classical, behavioral, systems, contingency, and contemporary humanistic approaches). Using a mixed-methods approach (textual analysis, surveys of managers, and expert interviews), the study investigates convergences and divergences, proposes an integrated framework (Vedic–Modern Harmony Model), and offers practical recommendations for contemporary organizations.
Cyrus C. Bautista, Jolina A. Enardecido, RAgr, Karlo C. Balabat
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the Philippines, commonly grown in backyard and commercial farms. It is widely consumed by most Filipinos due to its nutritive value. However, its production is often affected by the eggplant fruit and shoot borer or EFSB (Leucinodes orbonalis), a pest known to cause serious damage and yield loss. Local farmers commonly address this pest problem with synthetic insecticides, however, excessive reliance on those synthetic chemicals poses environmental and health risks. Hence, this study assessed marigold (Tagetes spp.), a promising repellant plant with insecticidal potential, as a botanical-based biopesticide alternative for managing L. orbonalis larvae. This study investigates the efficacy of non-phytotoxic marigold plant in oil-emulsion concentration to EFSB mortality. The experiment was done in Completely Randomized Design (CRD), involving two experiments: a phytotoxicity experiment to test if the marigold oil-emulsion would harm the young eggplant leaves; and a laboratory bioassay to observe the larval mortality of EFSB treated with different marigold oil-emulsion concentrations (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) at 1, 2, and 3 hour/s after treatment (HAT). The study showed that the concentrations used were non-phytotoxic as observed on the marigold oil-emulsion solution-treated young leaves. Furthermore, the insect mortality experiment showed that the higher the concentration, the higher the larval mortality, with 0.5% treatment reaching 88.89% mortality in 3 HAT, which was statistically comparable to the chemical control with 100% mortality. Based on these results, non-phytotoxic marigold oil-emulsion at 0.5% is a potential option for managing L. orbonalis in eggplant, however, further study under field condition is needed before recommendation as regular use.
Sirichandana Kurakual
Bioenhancers are compounds that improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of co-administered drugs and nutrients without producing significant pharmacological effects at their own administered dose. They act by modulating drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion, thereby enhancing both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic outcomes. Naturally derived phytochemicals, such as alkaloids (piperine, capsaicin), terpenoids (menthol, limonene), flavonoids (quercetin, naringin), glycosides (glycyrrhizin, ginsenosides), phenolics (curcumin, eugenol), and essential oils, are widely studied for their bioenhancing potential, while synthetic agents like surfactants and bile salts contribute to pharmaceutical formulations. Piperine remains the most extensively reported bioenhancer, shown to increase the systemic availability of several drugs and nutraceuticals, including rifampicin, phenytoin, curcumin, resveratrol, and CoQ10. Other bioenhancers, such as quercetin and glycyrrhizin, potentiate therapeutic effects by overcoming multidrug resistance, extending plasma half-life, and improving membrane permeability. By enabling dose reduction, minimizing side effects, and reviving poorly bioavailable drug candidates, bioenhancers hold significant promise in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and modern drug delivery systems.
Rennia Joy B. Obsiana
Obsiana, Rennia Joy Baria, Capiz State University – Roxas City Main Campus, May 2024. “Burnout Levels and Stress Levels Among Techers: Basis for Faculty Development Program" Teaching is said to be a demanding profession. It is important to discuss how instructors manage their burnout levels and stress levels and how these impact their productivity. Burnout levels are said to be the results of the stress levels. For this reason, the researcher initiated on this study to know the burnout levels and stress levels of teachers. Furthermore, the researcher is motivated to pursue this study for this will be a basis for the faculty development program in the university. This study aimed to determine the burnout levels and stress levels among the teachers. Specifically, it sought to determine the burnout level of teachers in terms of emotional exhaustion, personal dissatisfaction and depersonalization; and determine the stress level of teachers in terms of work environment and work overload, use of new technologies, organizational aspect and relationship and role of teachers; and find out if there is significant relationship between burnout levels and stress levels among the teachers. The result revealed that in terms of burnout levels, the indicators emotional exhaustion, personal dissatisfaction and depersonalization is exhibited low extent, very low extent and very low extent in burnout levels respectively. For the stress level, the indicators: work environment and work overload, use of new technologies, organizational aspect and relationships and role of instructors have results of average extent, low extent, low extent and low extent in stress levels respectively. Further, the results revealed a significant relationship between burnout levels and stress levels. Hence, the study is highly recommended to be used as a basis to conduct a faculty development program in the institution.
Govind Kumar, Kanishk Upadhyay, Snehasis Bhunia, Subhash Chandra
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasingly affecting younger populations due to modern sedentary lifestyles and stress. Autonomic dysfunction is a key precursor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Baroreflex Sensitivity (BRS), an early electrophysiological marker of autonomic imbalance, plays a crucial role in cardiovascular regulation. Yoga, known for its mind-body benefits, has been shown to improve autonomic tone, reduce sympathetic activity, and enhance parasympathetic functions trough electrophysiological mechanisms, thus offering a non-pharmacological intervention to maintain cardiovascular health.
Ayuk Yvan Etta-Nyoh, Elangwe Gideon Eyakwe
This paper titled climate change, inequality and uneven development in Africa sets out to investigate the relationship between climate change, inequality and uneven development in Africa. Africa stands at the frontline of climate change despite being one of the lowest contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. The continent is experiencing a surge in climate-related disasters like droughts, floods, heatwaves, desertification, and rising sea levels which are directly affecting agricultural productivity, human health, migration patterns, and general well-being. However, these impacts are not felt equally. The paper contends that climate change in Africa not only exposes environmental vulnerability but also exacerbates existing socio-economic inequalities and contributes to the continent’s uneven development. Using case studies from regions such as the Sahel, the Horn of Africa, and Southern Africa, this study shows how marginalized populations especially rural communities, women, and youth are disproportionately affected by climate-related shocks. A mixed-method approach is employed, drawing from climate vulnerability indices, socio-economic data, and field studies to illustrate how development disparities are being widened by ecological disruptions. The study adopts the lenses of climate justice, dependency theory, and sustainable development to examine the structure and consequence of inequality in the face of climate change. The findings suggest that African governments, in collaboration with regional and global partners, must address this crisis through strategic policy interventions that combine climate adaptation, equitable resource allocation, and inclusive development planning. Recommendations include investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, ensuring access to clean energy, and advocating for fair international climate financing mechanisms. Ultimately, this article highlights that without environmental justice and equality, sustainable development in Africa will remain elusive.
Egbebike, M. O, Ezeagu, C. A, Moneke, A. N
Oil spills are a recurrent environmental challenge in Nigeria’s Niger Delta, leading to significant ecological and socio-economic impacts. Bioremediation, particularly nutrient amendment via biostimulation, has emerged as a viable approach for enhancing the natural degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by indigenous microbes. This study investigates the comparative effectiveness of three nitrogen sources-ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃⁻), and organic nitrogen-on the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil-contaminated soils. Using a mesocosm experimental setup with composite soil samples from three communities (Batan, Ajuju, and Umusia), treatments were applied across varying oil concentrations. Results showed that nutrient amendment generally increased total nitrogen (%), enhanced microbial population, and significantly reduced both total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels. Ammonium-nitrogen was more effective in stimulating hydrocarbon degradation than nitrate, while organic nitrogen produced the highest microbial proliferation. Regression analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between nitrogen concentration and microbial population growth (r = 0.95). These findings support nitrogen-based biostimulation as a practical, low-impact strategy for accelerating oil spill remediation in tropical environments like the Niger Delta.
ABOH, Sandra Ojochegbe, EMMANUEL, Joy Enogbe, Ladi Okpanachi
Background: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a nutrient-rich fruit with a high moisture content (~92%), making it highly perishable and prone to post-harvest losses. Preservation through drying can reduce spoilage; however, the choice of drying method and pre-treatment may impact nutrient retention and sensory quality. Methods: This study assessed the effects of oven drying at 54°C and microwave drying at 60°C on the proximate composition, mineral content (iron, calcium), vitamin retention (vitamin C, β-carotene), total soluble solids (TSS), and sensory attributes of watermelon slices, both untreated and pre-treated with ascorbic acid solution (3 g/250 ml). Analyses followed AOAC-standardized methods, while sensory evaluation was conducted by a 15-member trained panel using a 9-point hedonic scale. Results: Oven drying retained higher vitamin C (24.53 mg/g) and β-carotene (14.56 mg/g) compared to microwave drying (16.78 mg/g and 8.56 mg/g, respectively) (p < 0.05). Ascorbic acid pre-treatment improved iron retention (1.62 mg/g in oven-dried slices) but reduced vitamin stability. Sensory scores were highest for untreated oven-dried samples, with appearance (8.33), taste (7.87), and overall acceptability (8.00) outperforming other treatments. Microwave drying reduced processing time but increased TSS (88.47°Brix) and negatively affected sensory attributes. Conclusion: Oven drying without chemical pre-treatment is recommended for optimal nutrient preservation and consumer acceptability in dehydrated watermelon products.
Md Sagor Hossain, Sabirah Akter Soiti, Sazzad Kadir Zim
In today’s globalized business environment, organizations frequently encounter cross-cultural conflicts and negotiation challenges. While existing studies often emphasize Western-centric frameworks, there remains a gap in understanding how professionals from non-Western settings, particularly South Asia, approach conflict management and negotiation. This exploratory study examines preliminary trends in negotiation and conflict resolution preferences among 107 professionals, the majority from Bangladesh (63.5%), supplemented by small samples from nine other countries. Using descriptive survey findings and a review of 25 scholarly articles, the study highlights Bangladeshi professionals’ strong preference for indirect communication, mediation, and emotional restraint in conflict. Limited observations from other countries suggest variation in approaches, though these cannot be generalized due to the small sample sizes. Rather than drawing definitive cross-cultural conclusions, the study positions itself as a pilot contribution, underscoring the importance of cultural intelligence while identifying directions for future research with more balanced samples.
H. R. Lucero., M. C. Lucero.,, M. H. Manila, N. C. Gagolinan.
This study aims to design and develop a Decision Support System for Faculty Selection, Promotion, and Reclassification Using Predictive Analytics to replace the inefficiencies of manual processes in higher education institutions. Using logistic regression, the system evaluates faculty performance, tenure, and credentials to ensure fair, data-driven decisions. Guided by Agile Scrum, it was iteratively refined through stakeholder feedback. System testing, based on ISO 25010 standards, showed high ratings in functionality, performance, usability, reliability, security, and maintainability, with an overall weighted mean of 4.56, described as Highly Acceptable. User evaluation via the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) also indicated strong acceptance, with an overall mean score of 4.45. Overall, the results confirm that the system not only meets international software quality standards but is also positively received by users, highlighting its potential to enhance transparency, accuracy, and data-driven decision-making in faculty selection, promotion, and reclassification.
Dr A P Hosmani, Puranik Shraddha Raghukant
FinTech adoption in today’s digital world is rapidly transforming the way individuals manage financial transactions, especially in emerging economies. This study explores how perceived benefits, perceived risks, and trust influence the intention to adopt FinTech services among users in Kalaburagi district, Karnataka. Adopting a descriptive and quantitative research design, data were collected from 50 FinTech users through a structured questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale. Convenience sampling was used to reach respondents familiar with mobile banking, UPI, digital wallets, and online investment services. Secondary data from scholarly sources supported the conceptual framework. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel with frequency, percentage, and visual chart analysis. The findings suggest that trust and perceived benefits strongly influence adoption intent, while perceived risks have a relatively lower impact.
Dr Madhavi Lokhande, Greeshma Francis
This paper explores neurofinance as a new domain integrating neuroscience, psychology, and behavioural finance to understand how investors make decisions. Risk-taking, reward expectation, and loss aversion—all core behavioural biases in investments—are driven by the activity of certain neural structures, the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and insula. The author proposes the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in neurofinance to improve the predictive capabilities of robo-advisers. While mentioning the primary obstacles of laboratory settings, ethics, and privacy, the author also alludes to the growing prospects of neurofinance in the development of future emotionally and rationally balanced investments. The anticipated outcomes are encouraging, but research in the neurofinance domain suffers from a number of limitations - lackluster laboratory conditions, low participant numbers, and a paradigm shift towards the need for knowledge in neuroscience. Through the lenses of neuroscience and behavioural finance, this research hopes to make a step toward understanding investor behaviour and the mental aspects associated with financial choices.
Lloyd Mark C. Razalan
The rapid evolution of technology has transformed higher education, giving rise to the concept of Smart Campuses. These institutions leverage advanced technologies to create innovative, interconnected, and sustainable learning environments. This feasibility study explores the potential of implementing a smart campus infrastructure at Apayao State College (ASC) to enhance operational efficiency, elevate educational quality, and promote sustainable practices. The study examines key components of a smart campus, including information and communication technology (ICT), automated systems, smart energy solutions, and integrated security frameworks. Through institutional analysis, stakeholder interviews, and site assessments, the research evaluates the technical, financial, and environmental feasibility of proposed solutions. By addressing challenges such as connectivity gaps, funding constraints, and user adaptability, ASC can position itself as a pioneering institution in Philippine higher education. A smart campus transformation will foster dynamic learning, operational efficiency, and long-term sustainability, ultimately enhancing stakeholder satisfaction.
Fakrul Hazely Ismail, Nazrul Fadzli Khairulhalimi, Nooraini Hamzah, Zulakbal Abd Karim
This qualitative investigation seeks to understand and articulate the football coaching methodology employed by Under-17 school football coaches in Kuala Lumpur. Utilizing a grounded theory methodology, data were gathered via semi-structured interviews with 10 certified school football coaches and 11 student-athletes over a period of six months. The analysis of the data, facilitated through open, axial, and selective coding techniques, identified a six-steps football coaching procedure encompassing planning, pre briefing, conduct training session, observation, coach and correct, post briefing including summary. The research generates a context-specific coaching model that mirrors the practical coaching environment within Kuala Lumpur schools, offering valuable perspectives for enhancing the efficiency of youth football instruction.
Hajji Olfa, Khalil Hamdi, TABOUBI Raja
The transition to automated production processes is a strategic requirement in modern industrial environments, particularly in the face of the intrinsic limitations of manual tasks in assembly lines.[1, 2]These limitations include high cycle time variability, significant ergonomic constraints for operators, and a lack of traceability and quality control over screwing operations. In this context, this work is part of a technological innovation approach within the company Sagemcom Tunisia, by developing an automated screwing machine integrating the guiding principles of Industry 4.0[3, 4]. The project offers a complete solution for the automation of a screwing station, initially carried out manually, converting it into an intelligent, autonomous, traceable and secure system.
Atowon Dickson, Emmanuel Akomaye Ugbong, Emmanuel Okiri Ushie, Orok Okon
Adhesives are glue substances that serve as a binder which holds up materials together that is are able to make things adhere or stick together without deformation or failure through a process called adhesion (Baumann and Conner, 2003). Adhesives are categorized as either natural or synthetic. Natural adhesives include animal glues, casein glues, natural gums and resins, sodium silicates and vegetable glues. Vegetable glues are starch-based and are made from starches and dextrin (Kennedy, 2013). Starch has several advantages as a raw material in the production of adhesives, including: renewability, biodegradability, abundance, relatively cheap and affordability (Agboola, et al., 2010) and can also be used to produce diverse products as food, paper, textiles, beverages, confectionery, pharmaceuticals, and building materials (FAO, 2010).
Alao, Felicia Oluchukwu, Gbadamosi, Oluyemi Kazeem
The Dietary Effects of Oleaginous Microalga on the Fatty Acid Profile and Nutritional Performance of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus were evaluated in this research in relation to the dietary freshwater microalgae, Botryococcus braunii. Three isocaloric and isonitrogeneous diets with 9% fat and 45% crude protein were developed. Fish meal and oil were the only sources of protein and fat in the first diet; soybean meal and oil were the basis for the second diet; and B. braunii meal was the basis for the third. For every diet, three replicate groups of fish with beginning weights of 11.00±0.05g were employed. For 56 days, fish were hand fed according to their body percentage (5%) weight. Fish fed B. braunii at the end of the feeding trial did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from fish fed fish meal, but they did differ significantly (P<0.05) from fish fed soybean meal. This study demonstrated that C. gariepinus fed a diet based on B. braunii was able to achieve comparable nutritional performance with soybean and fish meal. Furthermore, information on the fatty acid profile indicated that B. braunii might be fed to African catfish in place of fish and soybean oil. The study's findings demonstrated that the dietary microalgae B. braunii was well-digestible and could substitute up to 80% of the fish and soybean oils in the diet of African catfish without having an adverse effect on the fish growth or fatty acid composition.
Dr. Nishma Singh, Rashmi Choudhary
Background: Cholelithiasis affects approximately 10-20% of adults globally, with dietary management playing a crucial role in prevention, symptom control, and recurrence prevention. Despite the importance of nutritional interventions, gaps exist in post-operative dietary counseling and patient compliance. Objective: To examine the dietary habits and management strategies that patients adopt following a diagnosis of cholelithiasis or after undergoing surgery for the condition. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the dietetic department of Manipal Hospital Ghaziabad. It aims to assess dietary compliance and the risk of recurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients following gallbladder removal. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, 24-hour dietary recall, and food frequency questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements and clinical parameters were also assessed. Results: The majority of patients were aged 31-45 years (32.5%) with a slight male predominance (55%). Seventy percent had a family history of gallstones, and 65% underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Concerning dietary management, only 52.5% received dietary advice post-surgery, while 57.5% were aware of dietary risk factors. Water intake was adequate (>2L/day) in 62.5% of patients. Stone recurrence occurred in 45% of cases. Conclusion: Significant gaps exist in post-operative dietary education and management. Structured nutritional counseling should be integrated into standard cholelithiasis care protocols to improve outcomes and reduce recurrence rates.
Ismael T. Cabalinan, Jolina A. Enardecido, Maricel J. Didal, Merlina H. Juruena
Colletotrichum spp. causes anthracnose diseases in various crops by producing cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDE’s). Although these enzymes are known to play a role in pathogenesis, their direct effects on host tissues and contribution to disease development remain poorly understood. In this study, Colletotrichum capsici was isolated from bell pepper, and its enzymatic activities were tested on bean pods, bell pepper fruits, and soybean leaves to determine the role of enzymes in disease development. The study focused on characterizing the effects of enzymatic tissue degradation based on symptom appearance, disease incidence percentage, and the infection severity level. Pathogen discs (10 mm) were cultured in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB), and crude filtrates (CF) were obtained through sequential filtration. Plant tissues were inoculated with CF concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that symptom expression occurred as early as 12 hours post-inoculation. At 100% CF, symptoms appeared at 1.75, 2.75, and 0.50 days in bean pods, bell pepper fruits, and soybean leaves, respectively. Disease incidence reached 93.75%, 58.33%, and 100%, while severity reached 26.25%, 21.67%, and 68.33% in bean pods, bell pepper fruits, and soybean leaves, respectively. The study demonstrated that higher CF concentrations consistently accelerated symptom onset and increased both disease incidence and severity. These results confirm that the pathogenicity of C. capsici is closely associated with its enzymatic activity, underscoring the critical role of fungal enzymes in host tissue degradation. This knowledge provides valuable insights for resistance breeding and the development of enzyme-targeted disease management strategies.
Noraisah U. Radaza
This study explored the challenges experienced by mathematics teachers from a private school located in Bulua, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines, in integrating digital writing pads into classroom instruction. While digital writing pads have been recognized for their potential to enhance visualization and interactivity in mathematics learning, their adoption remains inconsistent and often problematic. Using a qualitative design, three mathematics teachers from private schools were purposively selected as participants. Data were collected through semi-structured survey-interviews and analyzed thematically. Findings revealed three major categories of challenges: (1) pedagogical difficulties, including adjustments in teaching pace and classroom management when using digital pads; (2) technical issues, such as device responsiveness, connectivity problems, and software limitations; and (3) institutional constraints, particularly the lack of structured training and technical support. These challenges resulted in reduced instructional efficiency, student disengagement, and limited integration of digital writing pads in mathematics lessons. The study concludes that successful integration of digital writing pads requires not only teacher competence but also reliable infrastructure and strong institutional backing. It is recommended that private schools provide continuous professional development, strengthen ICT infrastructure, and establish supportive policies to promote effective digital pedagogy. Future research may broaden the scope to include public schools or investigate student perspectives to enrich the understanding of digital tool integration in mathematics education.
Eliab Byamukama Mpora, Eton Marus., Kyakunzire Annet Mitchel., Sunday Arthur.
Small and medium enterprises are essential drivers of economic growth and employment in emerging markets but often struggle with weak financial management practices. This study investigates the influence of financial management strategies, financial reporting and analysis, inventory decisions, financing structures, and working capital management on the performance of agro-processing enterprises in Uganda’s Ankole sub-region. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with 192 formally registered enterprises. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships between financial management practices and business performance. The results show that financial reporting and analysis, financial management strategies, and financing structures have a significant positive impact on business performance. Inventory decisions and working capital management showed no direct effect, although the effect of working capital management became significant when firm age was considered. These findings highlight the need for targeted financial training and policy support tailored to enterprise maturity and context.
Ikporo, F.B, Nwafor, C.E, Nwotolo, L.P, Nwovu, S.O, Okpube, N.M, Osomasi, R.A
This study investigated the Effect of Animation Instructional Strategy (AIS) on Senior Secondary Two (SS II) Students’ Interest and Achievement in Biology in Abakaliki Education Zone of Ebonyi State. Six research questions and six hypotheses guided the study. A quasi-experiment of the pre-test, post-test non-equivalence control group research design was adopted for the study. Senior secondary two (SS 2) students from all the 85 public secondary schools in Abakaliki Education Zone numbering 11,758 formed the population of this study. The sample of the study comprised 468 students of the intact classes of 4 randomly sampled schools from the four local government areas in the zone. Biology Interest Inventory adopted from Abonyi (2011) with reliability coefficient of 0.81 and Biology Achievement Test (BAT) with reliability coefficients of 0.79 (for internal consistency) and 0.89 (for stability) were used as instruments for data collection of this study. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 95% confidence level. The results revealed that: AIS significantly enhanced the mean interest and achievement scores of the students in biology more than the conventional chalk and talk method. Equally, the result further revealed that there is no significant difference between the mean interest and achievement scores of male and female students taught biology using AIS. In addition, the interaction between the methods and gender on the students mean interest and achievement scores in biology was not statistically significant. The study concluded that AIS was superior to the conventional chalk and talk method in enhancing students’ interest and academic achievement in biology. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that biology teachers should prioritize the use of AIS since it has been proven to have a significant positive effect on the interest and academic achievement of students in biology.
Emmanuel Asumadu Agyemang, Samuel Obeng Marfo
Every country wants to achieve substantial growth in the economy. This is because the growth in the economy should have an effect in the lives of the wealthy and the poor; from the president of the country, to the parliamentarian right down to the farmer in a village in the remotest part of the country. In Ghana, although there have been studies on economic growth and foreign aid, a few number of these studies have looked at the effectiveness of foreign aids in the agricultural sector that can lead to economic growth in recent times. The key objective of this study is to examine the effects of foreign aid on economic growth in Ghana looking at three key sectors of the economy. This research is important as it brings to light how effective foreign aid is on the growth of the economy in the country. The sample period 1990-2015 is used as a result of the fact that prior to the 1990s era, the Ghanaian economy was barely liberalized whilst data is available for just up to 2015 from the World Development Indicator (WDI) data source. The key findings of this work is that foreign aid has a positive and significant influence on the services sector in both the short and long run. However, foreign aid does not have a significant impact on agricultural sector in the short run but in the long run, it has a significant impact on the agricultural sector. Additionally, foreign aid has no impact on the industrial sector in the short run but it has an insignificant negative relationship in the long run. As recommendations, national agencies should opt for grants and other technical development instead of loans to grow the service sector and agricultural sector. The industrial sector should also be looked at through innovation and technology. It can be concluded that, the growth in Ghana’s industrial sector cannot be achieved without the domestic revenue mobilization to boost up the growth of the sector. The over-reliance of many sectors of the economy usually results in low productivity and off target achievement in the country leading to small productivity and output.
Dr (Mrs) Helen Ogagaoghene Ataikiru, Dr. (Mrs) Peace Omoroh
The effect of the lecture and puzzle cooperative learning method on the performance of students in mathematics with respect to changes in the instruction strategy was a topic of investigation in this study. The research design used was a quasi-experimental design consisting of a pretest, posttest and non-equivalent control group. The population of the study was approximately 4,000 students in the Warri South Local Government Area of Delta State. The mixed schools were separated by purposive sampling, and a sample size of 200 students was selected by simple random sampling. The study instrument was the Geometry Achievement Test (GAT), a test consisting of fifty multiple-choice queries and administered to collect data. The fifty items in the multiple-choice queries during the pretest and posttest were the same. Three experts in science education pilot-tested the tool, and the reliability coefficient was calculated using the Kuder Richardson Formula 21 (KR-21). The study followed two hypotheses and two research queries as a guide. The mean and standard deviation answered the research queries; t-test and ANCOVA at the 0.05 level significance was used to test the hypotheses. Based on the study outcomes, lecture methods and puzzle collaborative learning were influential to the extent that they exerted a significant effect on the mathematical ability of the students. Overall, it was found that the puzzle cooperative strategy proved efficient in enhancing the math ability of the students at different levels.
Nirupama Bhanja, Sasmita Rout, Sasmita Sahoo, Sephali Moharana, Subhashree Nayak, Sushri Bani Bandana Mohakul
Every life is precious, yet lack of knowledge about neonatal danger signs often delays care and increases infant mortality. Mothers, as primary caregivers, play a vital role in early recognition of illness. This pre-experimental one-group pre-test/post-test study evaluated the effectiveness of a Video Assisted Teaching Module (VATM) on knowledge regarding selected danger signs in young infants among primi mothers at Capital Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Sixty primi mothers were selected through non-probability purposive sampling. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire on key danger signs such as poor feeding, pneumonia, jaundice, hypothermia, and diarrhea. Pre-test findings revealed that 73.3% of participants had poor knowledge and 26.7% had average knowledge. After the VATM intervention, 68.3% demonstrated good knowledge and 31.7% showed average knowledge, with no participant remaining in the poor category. A paired t-test yielded a value of 31.68 at the 0.05 significance level, indicating a highly significant improvement in knowledge. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between pre-test knowledge and the variables of education status (χ²=12.97, p<0.05) and previous knowledge (χ²=8.12, p<0.05). The study concludes that VATM is an effective educational strategy to enhance mothers’ recognition of neonatal danger signs, which is crucial for timely care and improved infant survival.
Denise Nicola D. Badajos., Kezia Zoe B. Alvero., Roxanne A. Dela Cruz, Salman A. Amin.
This study examined the effectiveness of VoxQR (Voice-powered QR codes) in enhancing knowledge and medication adherence among geriatric hypertensive patients in Koronadal City, where nonadherence to antihypertensive medication is a common issue due to cognitive decline and difficulty understanding treatment regimens. A quasi-experimental design was employed, and patients aged 60 and above were selected using purposive sampling. Data were gathered using a validated questionnaire that measured adherence and knowledge before and after the intervention. Results showed notable improvements, including a shift in medication adherence from moderate-low to moderate high levels, increased understanding of medication purpose, dosage, and timing. These findings indicate that VoxQR significantly enhanced medication adherence and knowledge, suggesting that voice-based QR technology is a practical and accessible tool for supporting chronic disease management in older adults.
Elizabeth Kithuka
For young children to attain their full potential, they need the five inter-related and indivisible components of nurturing care: adequate nutrition, good health, safety and security, responsive caregiving and opportunities for learning. Provision for nurture care in the early years of life of the child is enhanced by close family members. This explains why secure environments are important for young children and this begins at conception. Teenage mothers undergo a lot of stressful moments during pregnancy periods due to societal norms and community attitude towards them. This has led to family and social rejection thus affecting the unborn child and the development of the child even before birth. This study will investigate ways of enhancing early intervention for the children who belong to teenage mothers to ensure a safe environment before and after birth. This calls for a multidisciplinary approach by all stakeholders to approach the issue of handling teenage mothers during pregnancy and after to ensure that they are social economically empowered. Social empowerment includes creating awareness of the risk of increasing number of young children from teenagers, majority of them come from poor backgrounds. Sensitization is important to all community members and the affected girls for acceptance and support to secure the life of the young children. A secure environment can enhance good nutrition, antenatal care, less rejection and avoidance of forced abortion, early marriages will result in better child growth and development before and after. The stakeholders should assess best practices to enhance social economic empowerment of teenage mothers for them to be well empowered and to bring up their children holistically. The study will be based on ecological models and data will be collected through meta-analysis from literature review and successful stories from the teenage mothers.
Olabode Thomas Adebayo, Oluyemi Kazeem Gbadamosi, Timothy Okiki Ojebuola
This study evaluated the optimal immersion period and concentration of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) extract for effectively removing egg adhesiveness in African catfish (C. gariepinus). Two males (1.3 kg) and two females (1.4 kg) were selected as broodstock for induced breeding. Three concentrations of bitter leaf extract (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) were tested at immersion durations of 30, 60, and 90 seconds. Tannic acid (0.75 g/L) served as the reference de-adhesion agent, while water alone was used as the control. Each treatment was conducted in triplicate. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple range test, while third-order polynomial regression was applied to identify the most effective concentration and immersion period. The findings showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in non-adhesive egg percentage and hatchability between eggs treated with bitter leaf extract and those treated with tannic acid. However, the combination of 0.5% bitter leaf extract with a 30-second immersion period exhibited the highest de-adhesion efficiency, resulting in 97.40% fertilisation, 95.07% non-adhesive eggs, and 90.09% hatchability. The study concludes that bitter leaf extract is an effective, eco-friendly, and low-cost alternative to synthetic agents such as tannic acid for removing egg adhesiveness in C. gariepinus. Its use at 0.5% concentration with a short immersion period (30 seconds) is recommended for hatchery operations to enhance seed production efficiency.
Bala Balaguru, Bita Khajehee, Hadi Khazaei, Kaneez Abbas, M. Asif Ali, Mahdi Khanbabazadeh
The integration of traditional acupuncture systems with modern biomedical technologies offers promising avenues for therapeutic innovation. This study explores the efficacy of superficial galvanic stimulation applied to Master Tung acupuncture points, aiming to evaluate its potential in enhancing clinical outcomes. Master Tung’s points, renowned for their precision and systemic effects, were selected as stimulation sites to bridge classical theory with contemporary practice. Through structured patient selection, point identification, device application, and subsequent data analysis, the intervention was assessed for its impact on symptom modulation and physiological response. Findings suggest that superficial galvanic stimulation not only reinforces the therapeutic relevance of Master Tung’s system but also demonstrates measurable benefits when interpreted through modern clinical frameworks. This approach highlights the potential of bridging tradition and modernity to create innovative, evidence-based pathways in integrative medicine.
Danbala, Ibrahim Naimu, Namo, Innocent Benjamin, Prof. Nse Etim Akpan
Elections in Nigeria has not only become a “do or die affair” as aptly captured by former President Olusegun Obasanjo but a reflection of the character of Nigeria’s political class who are only interested in extracting all they could from the country. Additionally, a major issue of debate and comments from scholars after every election in the country is the use of the military in the conduct of such elections. This study examines electoral militarization and the challenges of free and fair elections in the country with a focus on the 2023 presidential election. Qualitatively driven with reliance on the secondary sources of data, it argues that although the 2023 election scored some level of pass mark in the area of security deployment and the exhibition of some decorum in the conduct of security personnel in some states of the federation during the election, the heavy presence of the military negatively affected the outcome of the contest. Similarly, it adduced the low voter turnout in the election and traced most of the recorded incidences of violence and malpractice to the intimidating presence of military personnel during the process. The study recommends constitutional and political reforms aimed at making politics less attractive particularly at the centre, reduction in the jumbo salaries and allowances paid to political office holders, introduction of electronic voting among others if the attainment of a free, fair and credible elections is to be achieved in Nigeria.
M. Varalakshmi
The development of female entrepreneurs who can propel social justice, creativity, and economic progress is essential to realizing the goal of Vikasith Bharat 2047, which calls for India to become a developed country. This research examines how skill-building, digital literacy, and capacity-building initiatives might enable women to break through conventional obstacles and start profitable businesses. As the economy becomes more digitalized, technology becomes a potent facilitator that gives women access to markets and business prospects. Notwithstanding progress, a number of Indian women entrepreneurs still encounter obstacles such restricted access to resources, mentoring, education, and financing. Their engagement in the formal sector is further limited by ingrained sociocultural norms and gender prejudices. Targeted initiatives are needed to improve women's digital and entrepreneurial skills in order to overcome these limitations. The study emphasizes effective programs that support women-led enterprises, including as government efforts like Start-up India and Digital India, as well as corporate and non-governmental collaborations. Case studies show how women entrepreneurs have used digital literacy initiatives and skill-building seminars to innovate, grow their enterprises, and support national development. The significance of gender-responsive legislation, extensive mentorship programs, reasonably priced technological access, and strong market networks is emphasized in strategic suggestions. India can unleash enormous economic potential, promote inclusiveness, and create a resilient, self-sufficient country by giving priority to women-centric entrepreneurial ecosystems backed by funding and regulatory frameworks. Achieving the ambitious aim of a progressive and inclusive Vikasith Bharat by 2047 requires empowering women entrepreneurs.
Dr. Siva Surendra Nandam, Mrs. A. Siva Naga Lakshmi
Recruitment is the one of the major functions of the HR department of the any organization. During recruitment as a part of the assessing candidature of the candidate the organizations are approaching various assessment centres for the evaluating the candidate. The major activities are the role paly, group discussion, case study, competency based interview, projective techniques and in basket exercise etc., the present study focuses on the how the assessment centres are enhancing the e- recruitment outcomes in the banking sector.
Dr. Ruma Roy, M.S.Srividya
This research was undertaken to explore the professional demeanour of B.Ed. student teachers, encompassing their conduct within a professional context, which encompasses aspects such as appearance, behavior, and interactions related to the pursuit of knowledge and expectations. The primary aim of this study was to develop and validate an intervention program named the "Professional Attitude Development Program" (PADP). The research hypotheses was formulated to investigate whether there was a significant difference in student performance when assessed with a pre-test and post-test after participating in the program. To accomplish this, a single-group pre-test-post-test experimental design was employed. Various tools, including pre-test, post-test, and the intervention program consisting of ten components, were developed and standardized. A sample of eighteen Physical Sciences students and two Biological Sciences student teachers from St. Ann’s College of Education were selected using a random sampling technique. The intervention program spanned ten days, and data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and paired sample t-tests. The results indicated a slight improvement in mean scores but no significant differences in the overall professional attitude among student teachers were observed. A component-wise analysis was conducted, leading to the conclusion that short-term programs may not be effective in bringing about attitudinal changes.
Dr. Rabichand Thongam
The rapid growth of the Indian economy has moulded a favourable atmosphere for new businesses to start. The increasing population and limited job opportunities encourage people to become entrepreneurs rather than job seekers. To accelerate economic development and remove obstacles, the Indian government launched the "Start-up India" program in 2016. In Manipur, the "Start-up Manipur" program was initiated to promote sustainable economic growth and create jobs in the State. The article seeks to examine the current landscape for start-ups and the ecosystem supporting them in Manipur. Considering the need for economic development, the paper also discussed the performance, significance, and challenges of the state government's start-up scheme in Manipur.
Battad, Zydane Diesel, Boquiron, Carl Leonard, Brisenio, Mathew, Cabrito, John Adrian, Fernandez, Ronald
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have been increasingly affecting the fashion industry with real-time capabilities for personalized clothing. Despite fashion ultimately being just self-expression, identity & culture, many considerations, like differences in body shapes, tastes, requirements for the occasion, and continuously evolving trends, complicate the decision-making on what to wear. While personalization systems are more beneficial than one-size-fits-all, many systems still limit their capability for personalization through apps that do not focus on user preference and that are less accurate. This study shows the rapid evolution of a cross-platform mobile application for fashion recommendations, that fused content-based and Collaborative filtering with machine learning techniques to deliver personalized fashion recommendations. The app simplifies the choices about outfitting, reduces the time browsing for clothing, builds user confidence, and provides several options suitable to various user preferences. Firebase and Supabase offer database management and authentication security, while Machine Learning is leveraged to analyze the strong relationships between user and product data in order to provide a recommendation based on user preferences. The development utilized Agile methodologies, incorporating iterative tasks and adjustments guided by user feedback to improve functionality, usability, and precision. Result demonstrates that the application reduces time and browsing in finding outfits and increase user confidence through reliable, and timely suggestions suited to the situation. Moreover, the system showcased inclusivity by putting various styles and real-time trends, thus enabling merchants to connect with a wider audience. In summary, the findings shows that an AI-mobile based fashion recommendation system provides a more user-friendly, personalized, and various clothing selection method. The suggested solution promotes digital fashion technologies by focusing on individuality, diversity, and usability, thereby improving the role of AI in daily self-expression.
Dr Kumari Manoj Singh
This paper analyses the dynamics of in-group favouritism (ethnocentrism) and out-group hostility (negative stereotyping) among school-going adolescents in Bihar, a state with a long history of caste-based conflict (Das, 2018; Heinz, n.d.; Kumar & Singh, n.d.). Drawing on data from a study of 1,400 students, the analysis reveals a dual psychological tendency: a "very high degree of ethnocentric perception," where students rate their own caste favourably, coexisting with "quite obvious" negative stereotyping of other caste groups (Kumar & Singh, n.d.). A central focus of this paper is the significant difference in these attitudes based on geographic location. The findings indicate that students from rural areas exhibit substantially higher levels of negative stereotyping, prejudice, and religiosity compared to their urban counterparts (Kumar & Singh, n.d.). This rural-urban divide suggests that while caste identity remains a powerful force for all students, the social environment of rural Bihar acts as a potent incubator for traditional prejudices and inter-group animosity, challenging the notion that casteism is uniformly declining with modernization.
Mahani Abdul Malik, Mohd Lokman Abdullah, Mohd Tajuzzaman Hassanor, Rosinah Mahmud
Gender equality in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education continues to face persistent challenges worldwide, with women underrepresented in technical fields despite policy reforms and widening access to higher education. In Malaysia, national agendas such as the Education Blueprint 2015–2025 and the Twelfth Malaysia Plan emphasise inclusivity, yet disparities remain in enrolment, participation, and progression, particularly in engineering and information technology. Open and Distance Learning (ODL) institutions such as Open University Malaysia (OUM) are uniquely placed to address these gaps by providing flexible access for diverse groups, including women balancing study, work, and family commitments. This study employed a cross-sectional quantitative survey design to investigate OUM’s initiatives aimed at promoting gender equality in STEM and to evaluate the effectiveness of its policies, practices, and support services. A stratified random sample of 336 students across STEM programmes completed a structured Likert-scale questionnaire measuring visibility of initiatives, improvement measures, satisfaction with support services, and perceptions of discrimination. Findings revealed that over 70% of respondents recognised institutional initiatives and improvement efforts, while two-thirds expressed satisfaction with support services, though neutral and dissatisfied responses highlighted gaps in awareness and delivery. Results confirm that OUM has embedded gender equality into its agenda but uneven effectiveness persists, requiring stronger communication and implementation
Md. Abdus Salam, Md. Mohibul Hasan, Md. Monirujjaman, Md. Mosharraf Hossain, Md. Wahidul Islam, Mohammad Iqbal Kabir, Mohammad Raiyan Zaman, Samira Islam Resmi
Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food production sector globally, yet it remains heavily dependent on fish meal-based feeds. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves, rich in protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, have emerged as a promising substitute for fish meal. This study evaluated the efficacy of Moringa Leaf Meal (MLM) as a partial fish meal (FM) replacement in diets for rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings under controlled laboratory conditions at the Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. A 60-day feeding trial was conducted using three dietary treatments: T1 (Control, 0% MLM), T2 (10% MLM), and T3 (20% MLM), with three replicates per treatment. Rohu fingerlings (11.47 ± 2.0 g) were stocked in nine 90 L plastic drums, maintained with daily 25% water exchange and continuous aeration. Fish were fed experimental diets at 5% body weight twice daily, and growth performance, water quality parameters, and feed cost were monitored throughout the study. All treatments achieved 100% survival. Growth performance, measured as mean length and weight gain, was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fish fed T2 and T3 diets compared to the control, with T2 exhibiting the best overall performance. Proximate composition analysis revealed higher crude protein and lipid content but lower ash and fiber content in rohu fingerlings with increasing MLM inclusion. Feed cost analysis showed that T3 had the lowest feed cost, while T1 was the most expensive. These findings suggest that incorporating 10% Moringa Leaf Meal in rohu diets is a cost-effective and sustainable strategy that enhances growth performance without compromising fish health or welfare.
Fatimah Yusoff (OUM)., Lee Jhia Huey (OUM)., Mohd Azli Bin Jalaini (OUM)., Oo Cheng Keat (OUM)., Wong Huey Siew (OUM).
Sleep is a fundamental biological need essential for health and well-being. Adolescents are especially vulnerable to the effects of sleep deprivation due to rapid developmental changes and increasing academic demands. This study aims to examine sleep deprivation problems among adolescents in a selected Chinese high school in Johor, Malaysia. The study employs a quantitative approach using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). data were collected from 254 students aged 13 to 17. The findings revealed that 65.7% of the students were affected by sleep deprivation as measured by a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score >5. Key contributing factors include academic workload, screen time, irregular sleep patterns, and psychological stress. The study underscores the importance of school-based and family-level interventions to promote healthy sleep behaviours among adolescents.
Adamu, S. H, Haruna, S. G, Sanda, N. B., Yusuf, A. U
Aflatoxins are cancer-causing secondary metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxins are toxic mycotoxins that are a significant food safety issue globally, especially in tropical and subtropical regions like Nigeria, where environmental conditions are favorable for fungal growth. Chronic dietary exposure to aflatoxin has the potential to cause severe health problems, particularly among pregnant women and children, such as stunted growth, immune suppression, and hepatocellular carcinoma risk. Whereas cereal and legume contamination with aflatoxins has been well researched, vegetables remain a less studied crop and a new target for aflatoxin infestation. Vegetables stored in traditional storage facilities are the most vulnerable to higher amounts of aflatoxins. Fresh and dried vegetables have recently been known to contain a wide presence of aflatoxins contamination attributable to inadequate good farming practices, inferior post-harvest handling, unhygienic drying, poor storage facilities, and weak regulation enforcement. In this review, there is a summary of current information on the prevalence, sources, risk factors, detection, and public health effect of aflatoxin contamination of vegetables in Nigeria. It also identifies new options for mitigation, such as the use of Aflasafe, improved solar and mechanical dryers, and inexpensive, rapid detection kits suitable for farmers' markets and decentralized markets. The review calls for a joint, multi-stakeholder action among farmers, traders, consumers, scientists, and policymakers to reduce aflatoxin contamination in Nigeria. Raising awareness, strengthening food safety infrastructure, and regulation enforcement are essential factors in decreasing aflatoxin concentrations and enhancing vegetable safety in the Nigerian food system.
Judea B. Ballagan
Advertising in the Philippines, much like in other cultural contexts, has long been a site where gender roles are constructed, reinforced, and contested. This study explores how femininity and masculinity are portrayed across health and commercial advertising, situating Philippine practices within broader global debates on media, identity, and consumption. Drawing on an explanatory synthesis of existing literature, the study reviews how advertisements continue to depict women as fragmented bodies and men as authoritative voices, while also tracing how local creativity, linguistic strategies, and cultural adaptation complicate these patterns. Findings suggest that Philippine advertising both reflects and reproduces entrenched stereotypes, positioning women primarily as silent consumers and men as decision-makers. Yet, research also reveals the potential for disruption through originality, localization, multilingual play, and feminist negotiation within production practices. These strategies demonstrate that advertising, while a powerful vehicle of consumerist ideology, can also function as a cultural space where alternative gendered identities are imagined. By foregrounding feminist critiques, sociological theories of identity, and anthropological perspectives on symbolic systems, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of advertising not merely as a tool for persuasion but as a cultural text that classifies and normalizes gender. It further underscores the need for empirical engagement with Filipino audiences and advertisers, as well as alignment with gender-sensitive policy frameworks. Ultimately, this synthesis argues for more inclusive, creative, and ethically grounded advertising practices that resonate with Filipino cultural realities while advancing gender equity.
Akmal Bashori, Mohammad Syukri Jalil, Mohd Ariff Mohd Daud, Wan Helmy Shahriman Wan Ahmad
Studies on waqf and endowment initiatives in higher education document a transformation of traditional waqf practices into modern funding mechanisms in Malaysia. Historical accounts note that Western academic endowments may have drawn inspiration from waqf, while recent policy documents — such as the Malaysian Education Blueprint 2015–2025 and the University Transformation Programme Purple Book call for integration of waqf into state strategies for higher education financing. This study tries to explore the intention of community of UiTM Cawangan Terengganu in Malaysia to contribute to the educational waqf (endowment) fund. Extending Theory of Planned Behavior, six domains were tested, namely Attitude, Religiosity, Knowledge, Trust, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control. This study uses Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method to analyse data collected from a survey involving 261 respondents. The study found Attitude, Perceived Behavioral Control and Subjective Norms as significant factors in influencing intention of the community to contribute to the educational waqf fund. Understanding this will potentially open new avenues in fundraising efforts by targeting the specific domains of interest.
Dr. Jerina Begum
Meghalaya is a beautiful place covered by Hilly area of North East India. People face very challenges to reach the health services because of transportation and other means of communication. Meghalaya’s health care system for women represents interplay of traditional health practices, matrilineal social systems and contemporary medical and health services. While the state, compared to other regions, enjoys a relatively empowered status for women, challenges continue to persist regarding accessibility, awareness, and infrastructure, especially in the rural and tribal areas (Srivastava, A et.al; 2015). Focus of this study will be on identifying and analyzing the health care system among women, Meghalaya. Present study further examines women's health care in Meghalaya, availability of maternal and reproductive health services, prevalence of health problems like anemia, malnutrition, and the function of traditional healers in the community and the health system. The study mentions government programs like Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) and supported by Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) while navigating through the gaps in implementation and service delivery. Socio cultural, geographic isolation, and economic barriers are discussed as important determinants affecting the access of women to quality health care. The present study is based on secondary sources like the government data, NGO's activities on health, information from Google Scholar to analyze the health care system among women in Meghalaya. Findings point toward the necessity of integrated approaches combining modern medicine and health care system with culturally sensitive outreach programs guaranteeing unbiased and inclusive health care for women in Meghalaya.
Rolly John F. Pelobello
The Bachelor of Industrial Technology (BIT) program is a multidisciplinary course of study that combines engineering, management, entrepreneurship, and technology. Despite the increasing demand for industrial technology professionals, there is a limited understanding of the factors that influence students' decision to enroll in the BIT program and their academic success. This study aimed to identify and understand these factors to improve student recruitment tactics, curricula, teaching methods, and support systems. The researcher surveyed 214 first-year BIT students at Iloilo Science and Technology University Miagao Campus during the second semester of academic year 2023-2024. The survey questionnaire underwent validity testing by a panel of experts. The results showed that economic, emotional, environmental, physical, and psychological factors affect students' choice and academic performance in the BIT program. The academic performance of BIT students was found to be satisfactory, with a general weighted average of 1.6. However, there was no significant relationship between these factors and academic performance. The study recommends that students may choose to enroll in the BIT program because it provides learning competencies that align with their long-term goals and aspirations, equips them with valuable knowledge and skills, and offers career opportunities and advancement. The educators, administration, and curriculum developers create strategies to support students in making informed career decisions and achieving academic success. Future researchers may conduct further studies to provide a deeper understanding of the factors affecting students' choice in choosing a career.
Jitendra Banweer, Neelu Vishwas, Rakhee Kapadia Jain
study focuses on the formulation and characterization of a ketoconazole-loaded transferosomal gel for effective topical management of fungal infections. Transferosomes, ultra-deformable vesicular carriers, were employed to enhance drug penetration through the skin and improve therapeutic efficacy. Ketoconazole transferosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and optimized based on vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, and deformability. The optimized formulation was incorporated into a Carbopol-based gel and evaluated for physicochemical properties including pH, spreadability, viscosity, and drug content. In vitro drug release and ex vivo skin permeation studies demonstrated sustained and enhanced release compared to conventional formulations. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans confirmed improved efficacy of the transferosomal gel. Stability studies revealed good formulation stability under refrigerated conditions. Overall, the developed ketoconazole transferosomal gel presents a promising alternative to conventional topical preparations, offering improved skin penetration, sustained release, and enhanced antifungal activity for effective topical fungal treatment.
Dr. A. John Paul Boopathi
Sudha Murthy's novel Mahashweta explores the protagonist's journey from self-sacrifice to self-discovery, highlighting the societal issues and gender discrimination prevalent in Indian society. Sudha Murthy addresses the challenges faced by women, such as arranged marriages, neglect from in-laws, unsupportive husbands and social stigmas. Through the protagonist's transformation, the novel portrays the resilience and strength of women, emphasizing their ability to overcome adversity and achieve self-reliance. The protagonist's story serves as a powerful representation of the unheard voices of many women, breaking the age-old belief that women are only capable of domestic roles. Her journey from dependency to independence underscores the importance of inner strength and the potential for women to thrive despite societal constraints.
Rakesh Kumar
The Tien Shan and Pamir mountains serve as critical water towers for Central Asia, supplying meltwater to major rivers like the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, which are vital for downstream countries such as Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. This review synthesizes recent literature on glacier retreat, revealing substantial mass losses of 14–30% since the mid-20th century, with projections of 45–81% area reduction by the end of the century under high-emission scenarios. Initial melt increases river flows, but long-term declines—potentially 5–31% in annual streamflow by mid-century—threaten irrigation-dependent agriculture, hydropower, and water security in these arid nations. Qualitative impacts include heightened risks of food insecurity, economic losses up to 1.3% of regional GDP annually, and potential geopolitical tensions over transboundary resources. Adaptation strategies, such as improved irrigation efficiency and regional cooperation, are essential but face implementation challenges. This review highlights the urgency for integrated policy responses to mitigate these implications.
Nor Kamariah Kasmin, Tahir Ahmad
Graph theory is one of the important strands in mathematics and serves as an interesting subject matter that can be used as a tool for enhancing students’ mathematical learning. In the Malaysian context, the emphasis on education is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4: Quality Education), which highlights the need to develop students who are not only competent in content knowledge but also able to apply their learning meaningfully. In this paper, we propose that Graph Theory can be integrated into the teaching and learning of mathematics as a suitable context to address the five learning standards emphasized in Malaysia, namely problem solving, communication, reasoning, connection, and representation. Especially, Graph Theory can play a significant role in strengthening STEM education by providing students with opportunities to engage in critical thinking, establish meaningful links between mathematics and other disciplines, communicate their ideas effectively, and represent mathematical concepts in ways that relate to real-world and physical situations, thereby fostering holistic and sustainable educational development.
Angela Omozele Okosun, Kehinde Adebiyi, Mofoluwaso Abimbola Olajide, Olaoye Olayiwola, Olasunkanmi Funmilola Kuye, Olufemi Olagundoye
Lymphoma ranks as the third most common cancer globally, comprising approximately 3% of all malignant tumors and 15% of childhood malignancy1–3. Lymphoma is said to be the most prevalent non-epithelial cancer in the head and neck region, following squamous cell carcinoma, leukemia, and brain tumors. 1,2,4 The occurrence of lymphoma varies significantly depending on factors such as histological subtype, age, gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and socioeconomic status2,4. The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the sites of occurrence and various histologic types of lymphomas in the head and neck area, and to analyze the relationship between these and the age, sex, gender and the duration of the lesions in patients who presented at our center. Method: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study, utilizing socio-demographic information such as age, sex, gender of clinically documented cases recorded during the designated study period, as well as their clinico-pathologic characteristics. Differences in proportions across age groups, tumor sites, and lesion categories, was assessed using chi-square test, supplemented by Fisher’s exact test where appropriate. Statistical significance was determined at a threshold of p < 0.05. Results: The mean age distribution in years, is 43.88 + 18.57 and the mean duration of lesion in weeks, is 67.72 + 151.74 Females had a slight predominance in the study (53.7%) compared to the males (46.7%) with M: F of 1: 0.9. There is a broad age distribution, slightly skewed towards middle-aged participants. Majority of the lymphoma cases (81.7%) are in cervical lymph nodes accounting for 98.51% of head and neck nodal lesions. The remaining 18.3% were found in extra-nodal sites, most of which were found in the oral cavity (66.67%). Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma made up 95.2% of all the Head and Neck Lymphomas. Of these, diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma was the most prevalent histologic type (75.6%). Of the cases that had Immunochemistry records, 83.3% of the histologic types of NHL were of B cell origin. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma accounted for 4.8% cases of the study. There is no statistically significant relationship between sex and the type of lymphoma p=0.33. There was no statistically significant association between Sex, the type of lymphoma, the site of the lymphoma and the duration of lesions p= 0.29 Conclusion: Head and Neck Lymphoma is of almost equal gender predilection, slightly more predominant in females and typically affect middle-aged individuals. HL is rare, less common in this study and NHL is more predominant. Of all NHL, Small lymphocytic B cell lymphomas (SLL) is more prevalent in the study. There is no significant relationship between, gender, duration of lesion and the site or type of lymphoma in the head and neck.
Glory U. Evans, John O. Esin (Ph.D), Ntukoghe, B. Otare
This study utilizes hierarchical cluster analysis to identify distinct rural poverty profiles in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, and examines their implications for targeted poverty alleviation programs. Through the use of structured questionnaires, data on 28 multidimensional poverty indicators such as income, access to basic services, education, health, housing conditions, and asset ownership amongst others were obtained and analyzed from 400 households in 30 randomly sampled rural communities in the State. The analysis of the data using factor analysis model yielded eight principal dimensions of rural poverty which accounted for 76.87 percent of the variation in the original 28 primary indicator variables. The factor scores that arose from the analysis was employed to classify the communities into three groups viz-a-viz: the core/critically poor households consisting of 14 communities and the very poor households consisting of 15 communities, with the third group described as a single-member poor community based on their poverty profiles. The analysis reveals several varied poverty clusters which ranges from households experiencing extreme multidimensional deprivation across all indicators to those facing specific, localized challenges. The findings demonstrate that rural poverty in Akwa Ibom State is not uniform but consists of distinct profiles requiring differentiated policy approaches. The research suggests that effective poverty alleviation strategies must move beyond uniform interventions to embrace cluster-specific policies that address the unique combination of deprivations characterizing each group. This nuanced approach enables more efficient resource allocation and potentially greater impact in poverty reduction efforts, providing a framework for evidence-based policymaking in the state's poverty alleviation efforts.
Jalene Jacob
Data from Epic, a widely used electronic health record (EHR) system, revealed that patient portal use was associated with approximately 21 million fewer missed appointments across the United States in 2024. Converting these findings to rates, patients with activated portal accounts experienced roughly 1,700 fewer no-shows per 100,000 scheduled visits compared to non-users. The greatest benefit was observed among middle-aged patients. This commentary examines the implications of such findings for clinicians and health systems, exploring possible mechanisms such as appointment reminders, rapid rescheduling, and direct communication with care teams. While the evidence suggests that portals can improve adherence and support stronger doctor-patient relationships, the findings derive from observational data and may reflect underlying patient engagement differences. Equity considerations are critical, as portal adoption can exacerbate disparities for populations with limited broadband access, device availability, or digital literacy. Recommendations are provided for both practitioners and developers to enhance portal usability, integrate sign-up into every patient touch point, link cancellations to automated rebooking systems, and monitor scheduling efficiency. By translating these insights into practice, healthcare systems can maximize the operational and access benefits of patient portals while ensuring inclusive adoption.
Dr. Jed Panquico Acero, Rolando II Raganet Abanto
This study examined the determinants of service orientation among employees of Government-Owned and Controlled Corporations (GOCCs) in the Davao Region, Philippines, with a particular focus on the interplay between human resource practices, organizational culture, and good governance. Employing a quantitative, descriptive-correlational research design, the study utilized validated survey instruments distributed to 400 plantilla employees from the Pag-IBIG Fund, Social Security System (SSS), and Philippine Sweepstakes Office (PCSO). Data were analyzed using multiple regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify the best-fit model explaining the drivers of service orientation. Findings indicated that while HR practices had a positive association with service orientation, they did not exert a statistically significant direct effect. In contrast, good governance and organizational culture demonstrated strong influences, with governance emerging as the most significant predictor. Model 3, identified through fit indices, highlighted the organizational culture significantly mediating the relationship between governance and service orientation. These findings emphasized the importance of promoting ethical governance, inclusive organizational culture, and strategic HR interventions to strengthen public service delivery. This research advocates responsive governance, participatory workplace environments, and competency-based training in the public sector, emphasizing the need for strong institutions, inclusive practices, and sustainable communities to enhance service delivery, employee commitment, and citizen trust in governance.
Kapileshwar Bhalla, Subhrangshu Sekhar Sarkar
This article outlines the framework and purpose of IFRS S1/S2, contrasts them with India's BRSR framework, and examines how their implementation will impact auditors and financial reporting in Indian accounting (Ind AS). We determine that the ISSB standards establish a demanding benchmark for sustainability reporting, requiring auditing professionals to acquire new skills (such as carbon accounting and climate risk modeling) to verify this information.
AdeKunle O. OGUNNAIKE, ADEWUMI Bamidele J., OKON Grace R., OLAYODE Daniel J., SOUNYO Ayebanengiyefa E.
The Nigerian construction industry continues to face significant challenges, particularly in the areas of project delays, cost overruns, and miscommunication among stakeholders. A major contributor to these issues is the prevalence of rigid and often unclear working drawings and specifications, which hinder effective collaboration and limit the flexibility needed to address unforeseen site conditions or design changes. This study investigates how adopting more flexible documentation approaches, supported by advanced digital tools such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), can enhance project delivery, improve quality outcomes, and strengthen coordination across multidisciplinary teams. By employing a mixed-method approach—drawing on case studies from construction projects in Lagos and survey data collected from industry professionals—this research provides an in-depth analysis of the root causes of documentation-related inefficiencies. The findings underscore the urgent need for adaptable practices that reflect the complex realities of the Nigerian construction environment, where infrastructural constraints, regulatory gaps, and varying levels of technical capacity often complicate project execution. In response to these challenges, the study recommends the strategic integration of digital technologies to streamline information flow, the implementation of targeted professional training programs to build competency in modern documentation practices, and stronger regulatory enforcement to ensure compliance with industry standards. Together, these measures aim to foster a more responsive and efficient construction process, ultimately contributing to the timely and successful delivery of projects within Nigeria’s rapidly growing built environment.
AdeKunle O. OGUNNAIKE, Bamidele J. ADEWUMI, Great C. BEDE, Taiwo A. ADE-ADESANYA, Uchechukwu A. UDEMBA
The integration of smart technologies across sectors has been transformative, yet gender disparities persist in their adoption (Adebayo & Oke, 2022). This study explores the influence of gender on the adoption of smart technologies within the Nigerian Construction Industry (NCI), focusing on Building Information Modeling (BIM), drones, Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven tools. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys with 230 construction professionals and interviews with key stakeholders. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis to identify gender-related patterns. Findings indicate that male professionals dominate early adoption due to wider access and exposure, whereas female professionals increasingly adopt these technologies when supported by inclusive training and organizational policies. Key barriers identified include workplace culture (70.4%), lack of human resource support (67.3%), and limited mentorship (58.6%). The study concludes with strategic recommendations for policy reforms and capacity-building initiatives to bridge the gender gap, thereby promoting inclusive innovation and sustainable digital transformation in the Nigerian construction sector.
Dr. Darshana Rani
Yoga is assuming importance in improving mental and physical health in the treatment of several lifestyle disorders and diseases. The latest study was a brief lifestyle intervention, based on yoga, on subjective well-being levels that is mental or physical. Normal healthy individuals and subjects having hypertension and a variety of other illnesses were included. The inventory consists of questions related to one’s feelings and attitude about various areas of life, that is happiness, achievement, and interpersonal relationship. These observations suggest that a short lifestyle modification and stress management educational program leads to remarkable improvement in subjective well-being. In today's time, the common reason for any disease is a mental imbalance, due to which a person sees it as discomfort or disease at the physical level. The most common health disorders prevalent today are first on the mental and then after on the physical level. Yoga when we adopt it as a way of life does a lot for people suffering from stress-induced psychosomatic lifestyle disorders like silent killers, also yoga teaches us the art of leading a supreme and healthy life. Many studies have shown the potential of Yoga as an effective preventive measure as well as an adjunct therapy for all types of physical and mental disorders.
C.L. Avadhani, Madhuri Atluri, Veni Lasya Jammalamadaka
In any organization, the vital role of production planning and control is ensuring successful operations and competitiveness, especially in manufacturing sectors. Effective planning and control maximize resource utilization, minimize waste, and optimize productivity, while simultaneously reducing production costs and enhancing both quality assurance and safety standards. The aim of this article is analyzing the importance of Production Planning & Control in any Organization and by highlighting how Production Planning & Control can be utilized in organizations to optimize resource usage ensure continuous and efficient production flow, maintain high quality standards, reduce costs and achieve timely delivery of products all while overcoming operationsal challenges and improving overall productivity. Production Planning & Control strategy will enhance the efficiency of allocating human resources manufactured goods and equipments/machines and it is a critical function allows any organization to have control and visibility over all elements of production. It make it possible to increase efficiency, collaboration and the use of production related data. Beneficial techniques and strategies for many manufacturers used in improving their operations such as a). Customer Service Enhancement, b). Inventory Control, c). Equipment Improvement, d). Plant Morale Improvement, e). Idle Time Reduction, f). Quality Improvement. The study examines core processes including material procurement, scheduling, routing, dispatching, inspection, and the implementation of safety culture practices, using a combination of Industry literature review and case analysis. To conclude, systematic Production Planning and Control not only help organizations overcome operational hurdles but also drive continuous improvement, enabling firms to meet customer demands reliably and maintain an edge in the Global Market.
Idumu, E, Johnson, J.T
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an enveloped, single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus that primarily affects the respiratory tract, and has beenrecognized as a significant cause of respiratory infections, particularly in young children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Despite its global burden, there are currently no approved vaccines or specific antiviral agents available for the treatment of HMPV, highlighting an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutics. Treatment remains supportive, and prevention and it is limited to infection control practices such as the use of local spices. This work aimed to evaluate the safety of spices tea formulated from six (6) local spicestraditionally used in management of human metapneumoviral infection by utilizing in silico tools approach to predict the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties of the promising compounds. Eleven phytochemicals (lead compounds) were screened for drug-likeness, physicochemical properties, and pharmacokinetics using computational models. ADMET profiling revealed good oral bioavailability and minimal cytochrome enzyme inhibition for most compounds. Toxicity screening revealed that while some hit compounds were mildly toxic, all of the lead compounds were non-mutagenic and non-cytotoxic. However, prediction of neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and immunotoxicity for squalene and stigmasterol (with probabilities > 0.85) at high dosage and this raises caution for dose selection and necessitates further in vivo toxicological evaluation.
Dr. C. A. Annapoorani, Haseena Parveen.N
Diuretics are medications commonly used to treat conditions characterized by fluid retention, such as edema and hypertension. Diuretics promote increased urine production, which can help flush out toxins and potentially prevent the formation of kidney stones.This increased urine output can potentially help in flushing out small stones or reducing the concentration of stone-forming substances in the urine. The flower of Aerva lanataL has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects in the context of kidney stones and diuretic properties. It may possess anti-urolithic properties, which could be beneficial in preventing or treating kidney stones. Aervalanata flowers are known for their diuretic effects, meaning they can increase urine production. This property has been traditionally used to treat conditions associated with fluid retention and urinary problems. It exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce inflammation and associated symptoms in various conditions. Aervalanata has been investigated for its potential to prevent the formation of urinary stones (urolithiasis) due to its diuretic and urinary alkalizing propertiesand it also have antineoplastic activity.
Ahmad Farhan Bin Agusalim, Mohd Shawal Faizal Bin Mohamad, S. Fadilah Binti Abdul Wahid, Shamsul Azhar Shah
Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers curative potential for hematologic malignancies but carries risks of cardiovascular events (CE). Existing data are predominantly from Western populations, with limited evidence from Asian centers. Objectives: To determine the incidence of short-term (<100 days) and long-term (1-year) cardiovascular events post-HSCT at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM), and to identify associated risk factors, including the usage CARE-BMT score in risk stratification. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adult patients who underwent autologous or allogeneic HSCT from 2000 to 2024 at HCTM. Data collected via manual and electronic medical records which included demographics, comorbidities, transplant type, conditioning regimens, and cardiovascular outcomes (heart failure, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac death). Statistical analysis comprises of descriptive and unadjusted univariate tests. Results: A total of 117 patients were included (63 allogeneic, 54 autologous). The 1-year incidence of cardiovascular events (CE) was 5.1% (6/117), with a higher rate among allogeneic recipients (9.3%) compared to autologous (1.6%). Unadjusted odds ratio (OR) analysis revealed that allogeneic transplant was associated with a higher, albeit nonsignificant, risk of CE (OR 3.84, 95% CI 0.42–34.95). Other factors with elevated but non-significant ORs included obesity (OR 2.91, 95% CI 0.32–26.72), hypertension (OR 2.57, 95% CI 0.28–23.95), and CARE-BMT intermediate/high risk score versus low (OR 7.68, 95% CI 0.86–68.28). Reduced baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (<50%) showed the highest estimated risk (OR 64.7, 95% CI 3.2–1304.8), but with a very wide confidence interval due to limited events. Most events occurred within 100 days post-transplant, and 83% of CE cases had intermediate/high CARE-BMT scores. However, multivariate analysis was limited by the small number of events and wide confidence intervals. Conclusions: The incidence of cardiovascular events post-HSCT in this Malaysian cohort was comparable to global data, with higher rates in allogeneic recipients and those with intermediate/high CARE-BMT scores. Most events occurred early post-transplant and in patients with traditional or transplant-specific risk factors. CARE-BMT score and baseline cardiac function may help stratify risk. Ongoing monitoring and tailored preventive strategies are necessary for this population. Future larger multi-center, prospective studies are required to confirm these trends and guide targeted cardio-oncology interventions for HSCT recipients in Malaysia.
Dr Jaimol James
The present study investigates the relationship between inflation and employment in India during the post-pandemic period (2020–2025). Using official data from RBI, MOSPI, and CMIE, I analyze how inflationary trends—driven by global shocks and domestic policy responses—have influenced employment recovery across sectors. My findings demonstrate a complex interplay: while headline inflation declined from 6.7% in 2022 to 2.1% in mid-2025, employment growth remained uneven, particularly in rural and informal sectors. This study highlights the need for targeted fiscal and monetary interventions to stabilize prices while promoting inclusive job creation.
Sabastine Obum Aniebonam
Urban flooding has grown to be a major issue for many communities worldwide in recent years. Cities' rapid growth due to population growth and bustling development isn't the only issue, however it plays a significant role. Unusual weather patterns and rising sea levels brought on by climate change are making matters worse by making floods more regular and powerful. Communities must therefore take swift action and develop better planning in order to lessen the harm that these issues may cause. It's critical to comprehend how flood dangers are evolving in urban areas, not only to safeguard residents but also to maintain the safety of vital infrastructure and local economy (Rubinyi & Eisenberg, 2023). Strong and proactive flood management strategies are crucial in urban areas, as demonstrated by past flood disasters and the growing effects of climate change (Chang et al., 2024).
Francisco B. Simbulan, Jr, Perry D. Pediongco
Native chicken production offers a promising source of income for rural communities, especially in remote areas. However, natural brooding limits egg production per hen, making artificial brooding necessary. In mountainous regions without electricity, artificial brooding poses challenges. This study aimed to evaluate indigenous brooding strategies for Philippine native chickens, focusing on environmental conditions, growth performance, survival rate, and chick welfare. A split-plot experiment using 252 chicks was conducted under a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The main factor was heating source—Tukong, Adjustable Hanging Heated Charcoal (AHHC), and Kerosene Lamp—tested across three litter floor types: White Wood Shavings, Rice Straw, and Rice Hull. AHHC consistently produced the highest temperature, lowest humidity (p<.01), and lowest litter moisture content (p<.01). AHHC with White Wood Shavings yielded optimal feeding, highest weight gain, and best feed conversion. This combination also showed the highest survival rate and thermal comfort, with no signs of huddling or panting. Mild hock burns and minimal breast and leg soiling were observed. Overall, chick viability post-brooding was highest under AHHC with White Wood Shavings, resulting in the best return on investment (ROI).
Dr. Sonam Zangpo, Konchok Tsering
Mahāmudrā meditation teaching practices is very spiritual and powerful meditation method. It is profound philosophy to understating the true nature of the mind. It has been exist in Tibetan Buddhism in different terms. As in the case of Nyingma School it is called Dzogchen meditation. It is developed right from the early spread of Buddhism in Tibet in 8th century. On the other side, Mahāmudrā meditation in different Kagyu Schools had started from 12th century. The goal of the Mahāmudrā teaching practices is equal with the results in all Tibetan Buddhist traditions. Moreover, the term is particularly associated with the Kagyu Schools. The research paper will try to present the concept and other characteristics of Mahāmudrā meditation. It is based on both primary and secondary sources.
Ranjan Barman
This work presented the some explicit exact solution of the damped forced KdV-Burger equation with variable coefficients. We have successfully applied the exp(-φ(ξ))-expansion method with modification to obtain the generalized explicit exact solution of the damped forced KdV-Burger’s equation. The obtained solution contains the hyperbolic function and trigonometric function. The dynamic behavior of the solution is demonstrated graphically in three dimensional and two dimensional space.
Dr. M. Umamaheswari
Energy plays a key role in the economic development and quality of human life. India is the 3rd largest energy consumer and 5th largest energy producer. India is the second largest populated country after China and is the third-largest and fastest emerging economy in the world. The demand for energy has been increasing rapidly because of the growing energy consumption of all sectors such as the agriculture sector, industrial sector, commercial sector and residential sectors. The government of India is set to accomplish the USD 5 trillion economies by 2024-2025.Thus, it is expected that there will be a heavy demand for energy. India’s energy demand has been met by two different energy sources namely fossil fuel sources and renewable energy sources, of which the former met maximum energy demand. The power sector depended mostly on fossil fuel a source because of the production of highest quantity of the electricity is by coal. The demand of remaining sectors namely transport, industries and residential sectors have been met by oil and biomass sources. In the sector-wise final energy consumption in India, the industry sector stands in the first place followed by the residential sector, transport, service, and agriculture sectors come next in order. Most of the energy demand was fulfilled by the conventional sources which are exhaustible and anti- environmental. Deployments of these sources will create different major environmental problems.
Dr. Dinesh Kumar C
The study titled "Issues and Challenges of Accounting Standards on Manufacturing Industries with Special Reference to Bangalore" explores the intricacies involved in the adherence and implementation of accounting standards within Bangalore's manufacturing sector. This research identifies critical challenges such as regulatory changes, technological limitations, economic fluctuations, and the availability of skilled workforce that impede the effective application of these standards. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data was collected through surveys, interviews, and secondary sources to provide a comprehensive analysis. The findings reveal significant variations in financial reporting quality and compliance issues among key manufacturing companies.
N. Abhay Vivek Siddhartha
We present a comprehensive analysis of 2,345 spectroscopically confirmed L and T dwarfs combining photometric data from SDSS DR16, 2MASS, WISE, and astrometric measurements from Gaia EDR3. Our investigation addresses two fundamental questions regarding brown dwarf populations: the relationship between atmospheric variability and galactic kinematics, and the underlying mass distribution revealing formation mechanisms. Through Monte Carlo simulations incorporating the BT-Settl atmospheric models, we demonstrate that metallicity variations arising from galactic chemical evolution should produce measurable dif- ferences in near-infrared variability amplitudes as a function of tangential velocity. We predict that brown dwarfs with vtan > 80 km s−1 will exhibit variability amplitudes reduced by a factor of 2.3 ± 0.4 compared to thin disk members, driven by decreased cloud opacity at sub-solar metallicities. This prediction is testable with current JWST monitoring programs. Analysis of the mass function reveals a statistically significant (4.7σ) deficit of objects in the 0.030 −0.075 M⊙ range relative to log-normal extrapolation from the stellar regime. The distribution exhibits a broken power law with ξ(M ) ∝ M −0.3±0.2 for M > 0.075 M⊙ and ξ(M ) ∝ M −1.4±0.3 for M <0.030 M⊙. This bimodality strongly suggests distinct formation channels: turbulent fragmentation dominating above the gap and disk instability with subsequent dynamical ejection below it.
Catherine N. Arga, Rica Mae B. Labasan
This study explored the knowledge, attitudes, practices, challenges, countermeasures, and training needs of secondary school Agricultural Science teachers in Calabanga, Philippines, with respect to organic agriculture. Employing a descriptive survey design, data were gathered from 20 teacher-respondents using structured questionnaires and analyzed through mean scores and descriptive interpretation. Findings revealed that teachers possessed strong knowledge and positive attitudes toward organic agriculture, while their extent of practice was only moderate. They frequently applied organic fertilizers and integrated lessons, but collaboration with farmers and conduct of field demonstrations were limited. Challenges such as inadequate training, lack of instructional materials, and insufficient school resources hindered full adoption. Teachers employed coping strategies like peer collaboration and school gardening, but training needs remained high, particularly in advanced techniques, certification standards, and resource development. The study implies that strengthened professional development and enhanced support systems are essential for promoting sustainable agricultural education.
Samuel Asante
Leadership is one of the determinants of organisational performance due to its effect on employee behaviours and strategic objectives in dynamic environments. The study examines the effect of leadership styles on employee outcomes such as motivation, job satisfaction and turnover. The research takes into consideration transformational, transactional, participative, autocratic and laissez-faire leadership styles. A systematic review of the literature was carried out on databases such as Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO with inclusion criteria of peer-reviewed empirical articles published in English in the last ten years. Based on PRISMA guidelines, 58 studies were synthesised. Results show that transformational and participative leadership styles consistently relate to higher intrinsic motivation, greater job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions. Transactional leadership exerts moderate influences on extrinsic motivation and short-term retention but has less influence on longer-term engagement. Autocratic and laissez-faire styles are linked with lower satisfaction and increased turnover. Mediating processes include trust, psychological empowerment, quality of communication and perceived organisational support, with contextual moderators such as cultural dimensions and work arrangements influencing these impacts. Implications include that organisations must invest in leadership training programs in emotional intelligence, autonomy support and implementation of adaptive styles. HR practices that are embedded in career development, reward systems and flexible work facilitate motivation and retention. Meta-analytic procedures estimated average effect sizes and tested heterogeneity using I2 statistics to ensure robustness. Thematic synthesis using qualitative coding allowed a close understanding of motivational processes in various settings. Longitudinal, mixed-methods and cross-cultural research designs ought to be employed in future research to address gaps. Overall, aligning leadership behaviours with employee psychological needs and environmental demands is vital for engagement, satisfaction and retention, and thus organisational resilience and effectiveness.
Elom, Iruka John, Enyi, Paul Onyebuchi, Igwe, Michael, Nwoke, Ndubisi, Oko, Kingsley Ikechukwu, Okpube, Nnaemeka Michael
This study investigated the relationship between learning style and mathematics self-efficacy on senior secondary two (SS II) students’ interest and achievement in mathematics. Four research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. A Correlational survey research design was adopted for the study. Senior secondary two (SS 2) students from all the 78 public secondary schools in Abakaliki education zone of Ebonyi State formed the population of this study. The sample of the study comprised 400 students (200 males and 200 females) drawn from 8 randomly sample schools from the four local government areas in the zone. Learning Styles Inventory (LSI), Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale (MSS), Mathematics Interest Inventory (MII) and Mathematics Achievement Test (EAT) with reliability coefficients of 0.86, 0.89, and 0.80 respectively were used as instruments for data collection of this study. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to answer the research questions while linear regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses at 95% confidence level. The results revealed among others that: there is a positive relationship between the students learning style and self-efficacy on their interest and achievement in mathematics. The result further revealed that there was significant relationship between the students learning style and self-efficacy and their interest and achievement in mathematics. In line with the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that mathematics teachers should prioritize tailoring classroom instruction to accommodate the individual learning styles and self-efficacy of the learners since it has been proven to have a significant positive relationship to the students’ interest and achievement in mathematics.
Humphrey Nwobodo, Juliet Chinaza Ezeachogu, Lydia Chinenye Madukaife, Ozioma Peace Israel, Somtochukwu Chukwunweike Ezenwalie, Uzoma Vision Onyinyechi
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major global health problem. This is particularly seen through blood donation, where many carriers are asymptomatic and can unknowingly transmit the virus. This study addresses a gap in local data by investigating the liver enzyme profiles of HBV-positive blood donors at the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital. We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study from September to November 2024, enrolling 170 voluntary blood donors. Blood samples were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using a rapid diagnostic strip, and the liver enzymes—aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)—were measured using standard biochemical assays. Questionnaires were also used to collect socio-demographic data and assess HBV awareness. The study found a 17.5% HBsAg seroprevalence among the 97 donors included in the final analysis. A high level of HBV awareness (81.4%) was observed, with most knowledge gained from health workers. The donor population was predominantly male (89.7%), and the highest prevalence of HBV-positive cases (54.6%) was in the 26–35 age group. The liver enzyme profiles of the 17 HBsAg-positive donors showed mildly elevated levels, particularly for ALP. The mean values were: AST 17.82 U/L (range 5.0–38.0), ALP 62.02 U/L (range 22.1–108.1), and ALT 11.12 U/L (range 4.0–26.0). These mild elevations suggest potential subclinical liver damage, consistent with either a mild acute or chronic viral hepatitis, emphasizing that even asymptomatic carriers can have subtle liver pathology. The findings highlight the critical need for continued rigorous screening and further clinical investigation of seropositive donors, including comprehensive follow-up and advanced testing (e.g., HBV DNA), to ensure transfusion safety and mitigate long-term health risks.
Oghonyon Rorome, Osaki Lawson-Jack
The most commonly used methods of conventional geomechanical parameters estimation which rely on costly, sparse laboratory tests and empirical correlations based on just a few well logs are linked to uncertainties and spatial gaps. This study reveals an innovative data-driven model, which incorporates Advanced Machine Learning techniques to precisely and efficiently estimate key geomechanical properties based directly on collected well-logging data. The techniques include, Deep Learning Architecture (DL), Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The machine learning application ensures a huge boost to yielding high prediction accuracies and that of running continuous and high-resolution profiles of geomechanical properties along the wellbore. This method is fast, and has low-cost geomechanical characterization that is vital to optimal drilling, hydraulic fracturing design, reservoir management, and subsurface integrity assessment, resulting in improved operating safety and efficiency. The estimated geomechanical parameters include elastic properties (young’s modulus and poisson’s ratio) and rock’s strength (unconfined compressive stress), while the artificial neutral network technique was applied to estimate the geomechanical parameters in the oil wells of Akata, Agbada and Benin Formations in Bonny Island, Rivers State.
Charlotte Hall, Dioneia Benevides Monteiro, Mateus Pinheiro, Nelson Eugenio P. G. Monteiro, Terezinha F. P. Ribeiro
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by production of antibodies against various nuclear antigens with involvement of multiple organs. Pulmonary manifestations of SLE can include a wide spectrum of diseases such as pleuritis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax and pulmonary haemorrhage. Lupus pneumonitis (LP) has an incidence of 1-8% and may be difficult to distinguish from pulmonary infections. We report a case of LP mimicking community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) admitted to the Internal Medicine ward in Hospital National Guido Valadares, Dili, Timor Leste. Case A 43-year-old female school teacher presented with cough and shortness of breath. She also had a history of fever and malar rash along with significant hair loss. On examination she was febrile and dyspneic, with anaemia, hair loss, malar rash, tachycardia, tachypnoea, and coarse crepitations on chest auscultation. Sputum for Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra test, bacterial culture, and fungal stains were negative. She was initially treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for CAP, while being investigated for TB. However, as she failed to respond to intravenous antibiotics, further evaluation was done. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and ds-DNA were strongly positive. Urine analysis revealed nephrotic-range proteinuria. High resolution computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral ground glass changes suggestive of lupus pneumonitis (LP). A diagnosis of SLE with LP was made and the patient was commenced on corticosteroids (pulsed methylprednisolone for three consecutive days, followed by oral prednisolone) which led to a dramatic clinical and radiological response. Conclusion SLE has a wide range of presentations. Keeping this in mind, even in countries where tuberculosis is endemic, the differential diagnosis of SLE and LP should be considered. Many challenges exist in the diagnosis and management of patients with SLE and its complications in resource-limited settings.
Benard Onyango, Kennedy Ondimu, Obadiah Musau
Classifying cattle using muzzle images is an emerging technology in livestock management for recognition and classification. This study used Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) algorithm to uniquely identify cattle by using their muzzle patterns which are unique to every single cattle. The study used a dataset of 4,923 muzzle images of different cattle breeds which were pre-processed to improve the dataset’s performance and reduce overfitting. The Convolution Neural Network used several convolutional layers to capture muzzle patterns, pooling and dense layers to differentiate breeds. Adam optimizer and categorical cross-entropy loss were employed for model training. The results revealed high accuracy, verifying muzzle images as an effective biometric method for cattle identification. Transfer learning via pre-trained models positively impacted model accuracy and generalization. The technology can be integrated into livestock management and breeding programs, as well as agricultural and farming systems.
Dr. Rakesh Ashok More
The present study investigates marital adjustment and its association with stress, mental health, expectations, and body image among married and unmarried individuals from rural and urban areas of Pune and Nashik. The sample included 40 married couples (80 individuals) and 40 unmarried males and females. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, F-test, correlation, and multiple regression. Results indicate that stress negatively correlates with marital adjustment, while mental health and expectations positively influence it. Body image also shows a moderate positive relationship with marital adjustment.
Irappa Alagur, K S Suryakanth
Financial instruments are subjected to market volatility and volatility helps in evaluating the risk, return and uncertainty associated with the investment. The investors use volatility as an indicator of market risk, which signifies potential for loss or gain. In this paper we have made an attempt to analyze volatility pattern between cryptocurrency, a new age digital asset class and NIFTY 50 Index. We have computed daily returns, Sharpe ratio and volatility metrics (e.g., standard deviation, 7-day rolling volatility) of crypto currencies and NIFTY 50 index and comparison is made on yearly basis. The aim of this research paper is to assess and compare the performance, volatility, and investment attractiveness of 4 major cryptocurrencies (BTC, ETH, SOL, XRP) against Nifty 50, covering (2020-2024) market cycles, global events the COVID-19 Pandemic, regulation changes, increased adoption. For the study purposive sampling has been used to gather data from nift-50 index and 4 most liquid cryptocurrencies. Microsoft excel has been used for initial data cleaning and visualizations and correlation metrics are created using python. The study has revealed that cryptocurrency is more volatile with high return as compared to the low to moderate volatile Nifty 50 Index.
Dr. Sita Devi, Ms.Mamta Sharma
Mathematics is a foundational subject that significantly influences student’s academic success and future career opportunities. Students are the important segment of the society and their well-being, learning outcomes and success are the pillars of successful education system. For achieving this, students require a strong foundation and adequate support to effectively navigate and conquer the academic challenges they encounter. Social-support plays a significant role in education and nurturing students learning outcomes. In this context, the Present study an attempt has been made to investigate the Impact of gender and social support on mathematics learning outcomes of secondary school students. To achieve the objective of present study a sample of 460 secondary school students of class 9th selected randomly by using simple random technique (odd-even method) from different government schools situated in five districts of Himachal Pradesh. The requisite data is collected from the selected subjects by using the achievement test constructed and standardized by the researcher herself and Social support scale by Dull and Godhara (2019). For analysis of the data, the statistical technique Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied. The findings of the study revealed that gender and social support significantly affects the mathematics learning outcomes of secondary school students. The present study further contributes to promoting equity in mathematics education and highlights the suggestions for promoting social support as well as interventions that enhance mathematics learning outcomes in high school teachers.
Pradipta Kumar Sanyal, Trilochan Jena.
This study examines whether domestic mergers and acquisitions (M&A) undertaken by listed Indian steel companies between 2010 and 2024 create shareholder and operational value, and how strategic resource complementarities influence outcomes. It integrates market reactions, post-merger performance, and VRIO-based synergies in a capital-intensive, cyclical industry. An event study with the NIFTY50 benchmark measures short-term market reactions. A matched difference-in-differences (DiD) framework evaluates three-year pre- and post-merger changes in return on assets, asset turnover, and sales growth. VRIO scoring, based on valuable, rare, inimitable, and well-organised resource attributes, assesses strategic fit. Robust standard errors and matched controls mitigate selection bias. Target firms earned +5.0% cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) over [−1, +1] days (p<0.01); acquirers posted 0.8–1.2% CAR (p<0.05). Post-merger, acquirers saw ROA rise by 1.1 percentage points (p=0.02), asset turnover by 0.18 (p=0.04), and sales growth by 3.5% (p=0.01). High-VRIO deals achieved an additional 0.55pp ROA improvement (p=0.04), highlighting the amplifying effect of strong resource complementarities. This research uniquely integrates event study, matched panel analysis, and VRIO resource assessment to provide a multi-dimensional view of M&A outcomes in India’s steel industry. The findings support the growth of corporations and shareholders through M&A deals in the Indian steel industry.
Vundi Nason
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the perceptions, challenges and benefits in implementing the Micro Credentials in TVET institutions in Kenya. The target population was 108 TVET senior lecturers randomly selected from TVET institutions in both Makueni and Machakos Counties. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data from 36 respondents; a pilot study was conducted among 10 respondents to guarantee both validity and reliability of the research instruments. The study concluded that the TVET institutions were read for the introduction of Micro Credentials in their institutions. The conclusion was based on the fact that 94% of the lecturers were positive about the introduction of the Micro Credentials, and they considered them to be complementary to the tertiary education. Moreover, 61.1% saw Micro Credentials as a fundamental for bridging skill gaps within the traditional tertiary education. Also, Micro Credentials effectively would reduce inequality by enhancing more access to training due to their low cost and flexibility. Finally, the so called impediments in starting Micro Credentials in the TVET institutions, they are solvable. For example, the lack of quality and standardization framework cited by 69% of the, the TVET institutions need to come up with an independent body to establish and promote quality assurance and credible standardization of the Micro Credentials qualifications. The study recommended that: the time is ready to start Micor Credentials among the TVET institutions, the support is overwhelming among the staff in TVET schools; the leadership in the TVET institutions should show more political will to overcome any ‘bureaucracy’ in order to quickly start Micro Credentials in their schools. Finally, an independent body to ensure quality assurance and standardization of the Micro Credentials is critical to promote more recognition and acceptability of the Micro Credentials qualifications and certification.
Benson Vundi Nason
This paper focuses on the phenomenon of micro-credentials and attempts to analyze the trainers’ perceptions, challenges, and benefits in bridging skill gaps in tertiary education among the offering TVET institutions in Kenya. The target population was 108 TVET senior lecturers selected from TVET institutions in both Makueni and Machakos Counties. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data from 36 respondents; a pilot study was conducted among 10 respondents to guarantee both validity and reliability of the research instruments. The study concluded that TVET institutions were ready for the introduction of Micro Credentials in their institutions. The conclusion was based on the fact that 94% of the lecturers supported the introduction of the Micro Credentials in TVET institutions, and they considered micro-credentials as complementary to the tertiary education. Moreover, 61.1% saw Micro Credentials as a fundamental for bridging skill gaps within the traditional tertiary education. Moreover, Micro Credentials effectively reduce inequality by enhancing more access to training due to their low cost and flexibility. Finally, the hindrances in starting Micro Credentials in the TVET institutions are solvable; for example, lack of quality and standardization framework. Therefore, what TVET institutions need to do is to set a body responsible for quality assurance standards regarding the credibility of Micro Credentials qualifications. The study further recommended that: time was ripe to introduce Micro Credentials in the TVET institutions. Finally, the study found that there was a high possibility of succeeding in introducing micro-credentials in TVET institutions because the staff overwhelmingly supported the idea.
Dhakir Abbas Ali, Samean Phon
This study investigates the influence of digital literacy and ICT competency on perceived educational quality in Cambodian public universities using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected through 306 valid survey responses from students across five public universities. Measurement and structural models were assessed using SmartPLS 3.0, confirming strong reliability, validity, and model fit. The findings reveal that both digital literacy and ICT competency have significant positive effects on educational quality, with digital literacy exerting a stronger impact. Specifically, digital literacy demonstrated a moderate effect size (f² = 0.239), while ICT competency showed a smaller yet meaningful effect (f² = 0.079). Together, the predictors explained 26.4% of the variance in perceived educational quality. These results underscore the importance of prioritizing digital literacy development alongside ICT competency to enhance student engagement, teaching effectiveness, and overall educational outcomes. The study contributes empirical evidence from the Cambodian higher education context and offers practical insights for policymakers and university leaders to strengthen digital integration strategies. Limitations include the study’s focus on selected universities and its cross-sectional design; future research should adopt longitudinal approaches and broader samples to capture long-term impacts.
Pranav Sudhi, Prof. R.Mageswari, Prof. Shine Thomas, Sreethu K, Swaliha US, Vibin P V
Substance abuse is a common phenomenon worldwide and has become one of the most significant social issues, adversely affecting human society. Substance abuse refers to a maladaptive pattern of drug use that leads to negative consequences and encompasses a range of cognitive, behavioural, and psychological symptoms. The present study aims to assess mothers’ knowledge and attitudes regarding the early identification of substance abuse in children. The objectives of the study were: to assess mothers' level of knowledge, to assess their attitudes, and to determine the association between demographic variables and mothers’ knowledge and attitudes on the early identification of substance abuse in children. The conceptual framework was based on the Health Belief Model. The tools used included a socio-demographic proforma, self-structured knowledge questionnaires, and an attitude rating scale. A pilot study was conducted, followed by data collection among 100 mothers selected from rural areas of Kozhikode. Data collection began with the administration of the socio-demographic proforma, followed by self-structured questionnaires and the attitude rating scale. The data were tabulated and analysed. The findings showed that a majority of mothers had excellent awareness (61%), 21% had good awareness, 10% had moderate awareness, and 8% had low awareness. The majority exhibited a positive attitude towards early identification of substance abuse among children (81%), 17% had a moderate attitude, and 2% had a negative attitude. There was a significant association between education level and knowledge, as well as a significant association between family relationships and mothers’ attitudes toward the early identification of substance abuse in children.
Atharv Sandip Jawanjal, Dr. Nishan N. Bobade, Dr. S. D. Pande, Dr. Sandip C. Atram, Dr. Vikrant P. wankhede
Objective: This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of nanoparticles, focusing on their classification, physicochemical properties, synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and diverse scientific applications. Methods: Relevant studies and review articles were collected from major databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Scopus. Various chemical, physical, and biological synthesis approaches were analyzed, along with modern characterization techniques such as electron microscopy, spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. Results: Findings indicate that nanoparticles possess distinctive properties, including high surface-to-volume ratio and tunable morphology, which enhance their efficiency in drug delivery, imaging catalysis, and energy storage. Biologically synthesized nanopartilces demonstrated better biocompatibility and reduced toxicity compared to chemically prepared ones Conclusion: Nanoparticles represent a rapidly advancing field with vast biomedical and industrial applications. However, biosafety, toxicity, and environmental concerns require further systematic investigation to ensure their safe and sustainable use.
Dr. M. Swapna, E. Jayashree.
This paper focuses on the Dalit films and the Dalit literary works examining the struggles and resistance of the marginalised communities. The autobiographical narratives of Bama and P. Sivakami along with the Dalit-centric films of Vetrimaran and Mari Selvaraj are analysed with a common mission of challenging the systemic oppression. All the mentioned works present the Dalit experiences with unflinching honesty. It not only creates a stir among the audience but also celebrates the resistance and empowerment. The creators have highlighted the role of education for empowerment and the assertion of identity as the key feature of their works. The underlying significance of the Dalit culture and symbols is also recognised through the authenticity of the narratives. By bridging Dalit-centric films and the Dalit literature, this paper highlights the resistance and resilience found among the protagonists and foster awareness to the future generations.
Margie V. Tesoro, Sherry E. Belmoro
This study analyzed the interconnected challenges experienced by elementary school teachers in Philippine inclusive classrooms, focusing on the intersection of disability, linguistic diversity, socioeconomic disadvantage, and ethical dilemmas. Employing a qualitative phenomenological design, perceptions of fourteen teachers from a peri-urban district were examined to understand the lived realities of implementing inclusive education in the midst of limited resources and systemic constraints. Four themes emerged: (1) cultural and linguistic identity crises, where teachers act as impromptu multilingual translators for students facing both disabilities and language barriers; (2) socioeconomic burdens, highlighting how poverty intensifies educational exclusion and undermines support for families of children with special needs; (3) environmental and contextual disruptions, revealing creative resilience in classroom adaptation despite severe resource limitations; and (4) the moral and ethical dilemmas underlying educational triage, where teachers faced difficult decisions in balancing individual needs versus collective classroom welfare. The findings underscore a significant policy–practice gap: although progressive policies such as RA 11650 promote inclusion, implementation is constrained by insufficient teacher preparation, lack of resources, and emotional strain. This research recommends context-sensitive capacity-building, curricular reform, and comprehensive support systems that will balance both student rights and teacher well-being. It calls for urgent need for policy enhancements and international dialogue regarding triple marginalization—a phenomenon where disability, poverty, and exclusion meet—revealing the human dimension and complexity of inclusion in developing country settings.
Dhakir Abbas Ali, Samean Phon
Cambodia’s expanding digital economy has positioned the modernization of higher education as a pivotal force in national development. Within this transformation, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is indispensable; however, prior research has largely centered on access issues, often termed the “first-level digital divide.” Addressing this gap, the present study offers empirical evidence from Cambodian public universities by examining and comparing the roles of ICT accessibility and ICT competency in shaping students’ perceptions of educational quality. The primary objective was to determine both their individual and relative contributions. Employing a quantitative methodology, data were obtained through surveys administered to 306 students from five public universities. Data analysis using SmartPLS 3.0 and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) involved validation of the measurement model and hypothesis testing. Results confirm that ICT accessibility (β = 0.255, p < 0.001) and ICT competency (β = 0.309, p < 0.001) exert significant positive effects on perceived educational quality, with competency showing a stronger influence. This finding highlights the “second-level digital divide,” where disparities in skills outweigh those of access. The structural model demonstrated an explanatory power of 15.3% for the variance in educational quality. The study contributes theoretically by substantiating the second-level digital divide and practically by providing evidence-based guidance for higher education development in Cambodia. Specifically, it underscores the necessity of a dual-focus strategy: continued investment in digital infrastructure alongside systematic initiatives to strengthen digital competencies. Such an integrated approach is vital to advancing educational quality and, ultimately, supporting Cambodia’s broader socio-economic development agenda.
Dr. Koyel Misra
Second- and third-generation chemotherapeutic agents have reshaped modern oncology by offering enhanced therapeutic outcomes, improved tolerability, and increased potential for integration with targeted and immunotherapies. These innovations represent key advancements over first-generation agents, which were often limited by severe toxicity and broad, non-specific activity. However, the evolution of chemotherapy has not been without challenges, including drug resistance, chronic toxicity, long-term quality-of-life issues, and socioeconomic disparities. This narrative review critically examines the pharmacological progress, clinical performance, and broader implications of second and third-generation chemotherapies. Limitations of current practices and recommendations for future research—especially around personalized care, drug resistance, health equity, and evidence-based clinical guidance—are highlighted to foster a more effective and ethically grounded approach to cancer treatment.
Haziem M. Hazaimeh
In this article, we study the one-dimensional heat equation, which models the diffusion of heat through a medium over time. To solve this equation numerically, we employ He’s Variational Iteration Method (VIM), a semi-analytical technique particularly effective for problems where exact solutions are intractable. The VIM relies on a correction functional that iteratively minimizes the equation’s residuals using a Lagrange multiplier. By repeating this process until convergence is achieved, we obtain an approximate solution to the heat equation.
Methuselah Seridon
Nursing workflow efficiency and staff well-being were critical factors in ensuring safe and effective inpatient care delivery. However, nurses in hospital settings frequently faced heavy workloads, disorganized processes, and staffing shortages, which compromised both patient outcomes and nurse job satisfaction. This study examined the relationships among demographic characteristics, perceived workload, and workflow efficiency of nurses in inpatient units to develop a structured workflow optimization plan. Guided by the Maslach Burnout Theory and utilizing a quantitative, descriptive-correlational design, the research was conducted at Al Salama Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A stratified random sample of 51 nurses completed a validated, self- structured questionnaire that measured nurses’ demographics, workload perceptions, and workflow efficiency. Findings revealed that nurses reported a very high level of perceived workload, characterized by emotional exhaustion, chronic fatigue, and increased stress, while also rating workflow efficiency as generally high, particularly in task completion and documentation processes. Statistical analysis revealed significant relationships between years of experience, shift schedules, and nurse-to-patient ratios with workload perceptions, and between years of experience and shift schedules with workflow efficiency. These results highlighted the need for targeted interventions addressing workload distribution, staffing ratios, and scheduling systems to improve nurse well-being and care quality. Based on these findings, a Nursing Workflow Optimization Plan: NURSE OPT was proposed, integrating Lean Management strategies and the Job Demands-Resources model to streamline processes, reduce staff overload, and foster a supportive work environment. The plan provided a framework for healthcare institutions to enhance efficiency, safeguard patient safety, and strengthen nurse resilience.
Anani Okoi Ikoi, Francis Linus Abeng, Nsed Ayip Akojom
The optimization of a patch antenna in this work was done using Genetic Algorithm Optimization technique, which involves the use of evolutionary principles and techniques to search for the optimal design parameters that meets the desire performance characteristics. The outcome of the optimization process showed an improvement gain of 9.5 dβ, a reduction in returning loss of -30.2 dβ and Resonance frequency of 2.399GHz, which is close to the desire value of 2.4GHz needed for wireless communication applications. The results of this work authenticates the effectiveness of GA optimization techniques for patch antenna design.
Mahlon Juma Nyongesa
The study investigated the Pastors’ level of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) using a descriptive design on a sample of 304 pastors in the East-Central Africa (ECD), West-Central Africa (WAD), and Southern Africa-Indian Ocean Divisions (SID) of the Adventist Church. Data from the self-constructed questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS 27 and SmartPLS 4.0 for statistical treatment. The pastors in the three Divisions (ECD, WAD, SID) exhibited a low level of ACEs. It is a sigh of relief that pastors in Sub-Sahara Africa have low levels of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Eight out of ten pastors are being disturbed by those who attempted or committed suicide of a close of kin. Two out of five are being disturbed by parental bereavement before 18 years. Four out of 10 pastors still nurse the effects of physical abuse from caretakers. Fifteen percent suffer from earlier lack of parental care while 24% nurse scars from battering. Forty percent still nurture the bereavement of nearest of kin. There is no significant difference in the levels of ACEs when age is considered. Future research would study the level of ACEs among ministerial spouses and children
Dr Deepa Abhonkar, Ms. Manisha Kude,
Mutual funds have emerged as a popular investment vehicle, offering diversification and professional management. However, investor perception varies significantly across generations due to differences in risk appetite, financial literacy, and technological adoption. This study examines the perception of mutual fund investments among Generation X (born 1965–1980) and Generation Y/Millennials (born 1981–1996) through a comparative lens. Using a mixed-method approach (quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews), the research analyzes key factors influencing investment decisions, including risk tolerance, awareness levels, digital adoption, and socio-economic influences. The study samples 500 investors (250 from each generation) across urban and semi-urban India, assessing their attitudes towards mutual funds, preferred investment channels (traditional vs. fintech platforms), and behavioral biases. Findings reveal that Gen X prefers stable, long-term investments with moderate risk, relying on financial advisors, while Gen Y favors digital platforms, higher-risk equity funds, and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investments. The study also identifies gaps in financial literacy and suggests policy and marketing strategies to enhance mutual fund penetration.
Chandrashekher Verma, Dr. Anchal Pandey, Dr. Shishu Pal Singh, Prof. Sanjay Sonker
Netiquette is considered as one of the element of digital citizenship frameworks along with online safety, ethical technology and digital literacy developed by policy bodies and educational technologists. Present study is an attempt to understand how high school students perceive necessity of netiquette across five dimensions as online communication, privacy consideration, adherence to platform rules, sharing information online and cyber security practices. Simple random sampling was used to select male and female high school students, self made tool ‘Necessity of Netiquette Questionnaire’ (NNQ) was used and percentage wise scores and binary logistic regression was used as a statistical analysis. It was found that, high school students perceive necessity across the dimensions of netiquette, with the strongest identified for cyber security practices and the least for adherence to platform rules and gender does not significantly predict the perception of netiquette necessity in any dimension. This study recommends that educational policy and school curricula should continue to build on this strength, expand content on cyber hygiene, privacy practices, safe sharing, phishing awareness, and other related digital etiquettes/ netiquettes.
Dr. Jyotirmoy Koley
This study analyzes the performance of the top five mutual funds in the equity, hybrid, and debt categories in India over the past five years (2020-2025). This study aims to provide insights into the risk-return dynamics, fund management strategies, and market trends that have influenced the performance of these funds. This study employs an analytical approach based on secondary data sourced from various financial databases and mutual fund websites. The top five funds in each category were selected based on their 5-year annualized returns as of March 2025. The analysis reveals that equity funds, particularly those focused on small-cap and sectoral/thematic investments, exhibited the highest returns (38-50%) but also carried significant risk. Hybrid funds, such as multi-asset allocation and aggressive hybrid funds, provide a balance between equity-like returns and reduced volatility (26-35%). Debt funds offered the lowest but most stable returns (7-13%), with performance influenced by interest rate cycles and credit risk. This study highlights the consistent outperformance of quantitative mutual funds across equity and hybrid categories, underlining the potential impact of quantitative and aggressive investment strategies. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding risk-return trade-offs, diversification, and aligning investments with individual financial goals and risk tolerance. This study provides valuable insights for investors, fund managers, and policymakers to navigate the Indian mutual fund landscape. However, it is crucial to consider that past performance does not guarantee future results, and a comprehensive investment approach should consider broader market and economic factors.
Dr.Latha.P, Dr.Rincy.V.Mathew
This paper examines the impact of the Ayalkkoottam (Neighborhood Groups, the primary tier of the Kudumbashree Mission) on the personal empowerment of women in the Alappuzha District of Kerala. Kudumbashree, a globally recognized poverty eradication and women empowerment mission, organizes women into these community-based structures. Personal empowerment, a key dimension of overall women's empowerment, is assessed through indicators such as self-confidence, self-esteem, decision-making power, mobility, and awareness of rights. Available research data from Alappuzha and other districts in Kerala consistently indicates a positive and significant correlation between participation in Ayalkkoottam and an increase in these personal empowerment attributes, although the full extent of this empowerment, particularly in autonomous household decision-making, can still be moderate. Empirical findings show a marked improvement in self-reliance and the ability to negotiate household decisions related to children's welfare and health. The study concludes that the Ayalkkoottam provides a crucial social platform that acts as a catalyst for the personal and psychological transformation of its members, laying a vital foundation for deeper socio-economic change.
Bijoy Kumar Mohanty, Ratan Pramanick, Samirranjan Adhikari
This study examines how personality factors and job satisfaction influence the mental health of secondary school teachers in Nadia District, West Bengal. Using a survey-based design with a representative sample of teachers, the research explores both direct and indirect effects of these factors. Results indicate that positive traits such as conscientiousness and emotional stability are linked to stronger mental health, while job satisfaction serves as an important pathway through which personality shapes well-being. Teachers reporting higher job satisfaction also experience lower stress and greater resilience, underscoring its role as both a predictor and mediator. The study highlights the need for school-level interventions that enhance supportive working conditions and address personality-related vulnerabilities. These findings have practical implications for improving teacher well-being and sustaining educational quality in the region.
Dr. Gajanan S Sanap, Mr. Mayur B Pachunde, Mr. Sumit M Patil
Sleep disorders, are involved insomnia, restless legs syndrome (RLS), narcolepsy, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), affect millions worldwide, significantly impacting health and quality of life. Pharmacological treatment remains a cornerstone in the management of these conditions, with diverse agents targeting different pathways. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the pharmacological agents used in treating sleep disorders, covering their mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, and clinical application. Additionally, it highlights emerging therapies and future next way in the field.
Famojuro-Olusegun, O. C., Oloye, D. A., Oloye, P. O., Oluwafemi, T. N.
Wheat flour (WF) was substituted with African oil bean seed flour (AOBF) at 0, 20, 30 and 40% in biscuit. The chemical and functional properties of the flours and their blends, as well as the physicochemical and sensory attributes of the Biscuit, were determined. The flour blends had higher fat, ash and protein than the 100% wheat flour. The level of these nutrients improved as the amount of AOBF in the blend increased. Gross energy also increased as AOBF increased in the blend, with WF having 398.91 and AOBF 676.01kcal/100g. Water absorption increased while the oil absorption generally decreased with increasing substitution levels. Wheat flour exhibited the highest foaming capacity and stability, followed by the 10% AOBF substitution and then the 100% AOBF. AOBF had the highest bulk density of 0.87 g cm-3, while that of WF was 0.78 g cm-3. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the weight and height of the biscuit. Also, no significant difference (P>0.05) existed for the taste, aroma, and texture of the wheat biscuit and the composite biscuit, but a considerable difference (P<0.05) existed for colour. All the composite biscuits were as acceptable as the 100% wheat biscuit.
Ahmed Fadhil Hamza, Enas al-Zubaidy, Zuhair Jabbar Abdul Ameer
Biodegradable plastic blends from natural sources, namely pure polylactic acid (PLA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) softener, were studied to investigate changes in their physical properties resulting from in vivo biodegradation at body temperature. These blends are also suitable for the manufacture of medical scaffolds and artificial joints. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed a significant change in the chemical composition, manifested by improved cohesion and structural diffusion. Furthermore, a broad band appeared in the 3417–3471 cm-1 region, representing a clear modification of the spectra and leading to the formation of a biofilm on the outer surface of the samples. DSC analysis supported the clear effect across all blend spectra. Changes in the gravimetric values confirmed that the PVA\PLA/UHMWPE samples degraded significantly faster with increasing PVA volume fraction, and PVA completely disappeared at higher volume fractions. It was also shown that PLA did not degrade rapidly into PLA/UHMWPE in vivo, maintaining its overall structure and weight unchanged.
Firus Musfirah Poli, Nurul Zawani Mohamad Zamri
Phyllanthus niruri and Mimosa pudica are herbal plants that have been traditionally used as medicine to treat numerous ailments. This study has identified the major phytochemicals and quantified the total phenolic content (TPC) in the ethanolic extract of the plants. Plant samples were collected from several locations in Kuching, Sarawak. They were cleaned, dried, and ground prior for analysis. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, protein, amino acids, tannins, and flavonoids in P. niruri extract, while only alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids were identified on M. pudica extract. Folin–Ciocalteu method was used to determine the TPC and the results expressed as mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of extract. From the results, P. niruri extract (59.06 mg GAE/g) exhibited slightly higher phenolic content compared to M. pudica extract (44.29 mg GAE/g). These findings emphasize the phytochemical abundance and antioxidant ability of these plants, supporting their effectiveness as medicinal plants.
Dr. J. Phani Krishna
A conveying system of any kind is used to transport a material from one source place to destination or receiving place. For the chosen method of pneumatic conveying, air is used as the transport medium. It is applicable to most fine powder to granular materials, be they in that form naturally or have to be pulverised or crushed. In this system, energy is needed to accelerate the material from rest, to lift it as required and to overcome the losses due to friction. Rice husk is by-product which results from paddy, the husk is removed by friction as the paddy grains pass between two abrasive surfaces that move at different speeds. It has been used as building material, fertilizer, insulation material, or fuel. Combustion of rice hulls produces rice husk ash (RHA) which is a potential source of amorphous reactive silica. Most of the ash is used in the production of Portland cement. The ash is a very good thermal insulation material. Rice husk though been not easily transportable material, however, certain operational sequences, precautions at feeding zone and with sufficient motive force (flow and pressure) rice husk can be transported which was resulted in Conveying Flow lab tests. Rise husk has high silica content and is abrasive, the conveying velocities are keen to investigate. This paper explains the setup used for this trials, characterization of material used as feed, conveying parameters achieved.
Dr. J. Phani Krishn
A conveying system of any kind is used to transport a material from one source place to destination or receiving place. For the chosen method of pneumatic conveying, air is used as the transport medium. It is applicable to most fine powder to granular materials, be they in that form naturally or have to be pulverised or crushed. In this system, energy is needed to accelerate the material from rest, to lift it as required and to overcome the losses due to friction. Rice husk is by-product which results from paddy, the husk is removed by friction as the paddy grains pass between two abrasive surfaces that move at different speeds. It has been used as building material, fertilizer, insulation material, or fuel. Combustion of rice hulls produces rice husk ash (RHA) which is a potential source of amorphous reactive silica. Most of the ash is used in the production of Portland cement. The ash is a very good thermal insulation material. Rice husk though been not easily transportable material, however, certain operational sequences, precautions at feeding zone and with sufficient motive force (flow and pressure) rice husk can be transported which was resulted in Conveying Flow lab tests. Rise husk has high silica content and is abrasive, the conveying velocities are keen to investigate. This paper explains the setup used for this trials, characterization of material used as feed, conveying parameters achieved.
Catalino L. Emperio lll, MPA, Eldie J. Bulajao, JD, John Francis B. Vedra.
Understanding how political awareness and engagement shape the voting behavior of young citizens is essential for a thriving democracy. This study explored how political awareness and engagement influence the voting behavior of young citizens, focusing on 110 purposively selected NSTP 2 college students aged 18 to 25 from a private, non-sectarian institution in Ozamiz City, Philippines, all with prior voting experience. Using a researcher-made questionnaire covering Political Awareness, Political Engagement, and Voting Behavior on a 5-point Likert Scale, data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, and multiple regression. Results showed high to very high political awareness, moderate engagement, and high positive voting behavior, with significant positive correlations between both awareness and engagement with voting behavior, and both variables together significantly predicting voting behavior. The study concludes that strengthening political awareness and providing genuine engagement opportunities are essential for fostering informed, responsible voting, recommending that educational institutions sustain civic education and platforms for balanced political discourse to enhance democratic participation.
Paul, Abiodun Olaiya
Background Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are major risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), coronary heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. The study investigates diabetes, hyperglycemia, and hypertension prevalence among healthcare workers in Sokoto State, Nigeria, aiming to improve occupational health and targeted interventions. Objectives This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of Diabetes, hyperglycemia, and Hypertension among healthcare workers in public hospitals in Sokoto State, North-Western Nigeria. Methodology This analytical, cross-sectional study involving healthcare workers aged 18 and above was conducted. Data were collected through the WHO STEPS Instrument, blood pressure measurement, Anthropometric assessment, and biochemical analysis. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and regression analysis were performed. Results Among 315 participants, 186 (59%) were female, with a mean age of 35.45 years, and 222 (70.5%) were married. Nurses constituted 209 (66.3%). This study found that hyperglycemia was present in 7.9% of participants, 4.4% had Diabetes, 17.8% had systolic and diastolic hypertension, and 12.1% of participants had dyslipidemia, with most having normal total cholesterol. Dietary habits indicated inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, below the WHO recommendations. Additionally, 40.0 (12.7%) frequently added salt to their meals, and 134.0 (42.5%) engaged in physical activity, while 181.0 (57.5%) did not. Only 2.2% had LDL-C dyslipidemia, while 97.8% had normal LDL cholesterol. Triglyceride distribution was balanced, with 51.4% having dyslipidemia and 48.6% in the normal range. Conclusion This study underscores the need for interventions addressing modifiable risk factors, including physical activity and dietary habits, to mitigate NCDs among healthcare workers in public hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria. Recommendations Future research should delve into the specific impact of these factors on distinct NCD outcomes within this population. Such interventions can play a crucial role in reducing the burden of NCDs in LMICs and improving the overall health of healthcare workers.
Adebanke Mosunmola Okunlola., Adebayo Olalonpe Sakirat, Agada-Adeleye Allwell Iye (PhD)., Oladipupo Irawo Shadrack., Testimony Temiloluwa Adebiyi
This study examined the impact of Problem-Based Learning strategy (PBLS) on the academic achievement of biology students in genetics at Colleges of Education in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study was prompted by the challenges students encounter in understanding abstract genetic ideas when instructed through conventional method. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, non-randomized control, and non-equivalent intact groups was employed. The sample comprised 193 individuals selected from two schools of 300-level biology students, with one group instructed via problem-based learning strategy (PBLS) and the other through conventional methods. Data were gathered utilizing a validated Genetics Achievement Test (GAT), and hypotheses were examined through Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at a significance level of 0.05. The results demonstrated a substantial main effect of problem-based learning strategy (PBLS) on academic achievement (F(1,95)=180.407, p<0.05, η²=0.660), signifying that 66.0% of the variance in achievement was due to the problem-based learning strategy (PBLS). Results indicated a significant main effect of gender on achievement (F(1,64)=129.662, p<0.05, η²=0.681), with male and female students benefiting equally from the technique. The study determined that problem-based learning strategy (PBLS) surpasses conventional method in improving performance in genetics and advocated for its implementation by biology educators and incorporation into teacher training programs to promote parity and academic achievement among genders.
M.M. Alam, Md Kawsar Mahmud, Md Rahim Uddin, Naeem Hossain, Shakila Akter
In this paper switchgrass biomass has been investigated as an energy crop for ethanol production, and the techno-economic analysis is conducted using SuperPro Designer software. Switchgrass is a perennial herbaceous plant, and in US, there are five variety of switchgrass varied like Alamo and Kanlow across different lowlands, and the upland plants included the varieties of Trailblazer, Cave in Rock, Blackwell. Ethanol can be produced from cellulose and hemicellulose, and lignin can be separated as co-product and lignin is not used for conversion to ethanol. The maximum cellulose content belongs to Blackwell and Alamo cultivars which are 33.65% and 33.48 % respectively.; the highest hemicellulose and lignin contents with cave-in-rock cultivar like 26.32% and 18.36%. In addition, the compositions of polysaccharide sugars in the different switchgrass cultivars the maximum glucan (36.60%) and mannan (0.80%) are in Kanlow cultivar, Xylan (21.17%) in Trailblazer, Galactan (1.16%) in cave-in-rock, arabinan (3.01%) in Blackwell. For 1000MT/day ethanol production from switchgrass, a process flow diagram, block diagram and table about process descriptions are developed using SuperPro designer software, and all the process parameters are assumed and used based on the literature. The selling price of produced ethanol is $ 0.9/kg and $ 3.4/gallon based on economic evaluation by SuperPro Designer. Total amount of ethanol produced 90 million gallons per year and total lignin produced 2,20,440 MT/yr and the lignin selling price is assumed $ 0.5/kg. Based on the economic and profitability analysis the developed design process for ethanol production from switchgrass is profitable one with payback time around 10 years.
D. Bhavana, K. Reshma, M. Gopi Chandana, M. Kishore Babu, M. Ruchitha, R. Suvarna Jyothi, T. Malyadri
Inflammation is a central pathological process underlying several acute and chronic diseases, ranging from arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease to cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Conventional anti-inflammatory therapies, though effective, are often limited by adverse effects and incomplete disease resolution, prompting the search for safer and multi-targeted alternatives. Punica granatum (pomegranate), a fruit-bearing shrub widely cultivated across Asia and the Mediterranean, has attracted substantial attention as a functional food and phytopharmaceutical resource. Rich in ellagitannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and other phenolic constituents, pomegranate exhibits broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory effects demonstrated in cell-based assays, animal models, and human clinical studies. The mechanisms of action are diverse and include suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, downregulation of COX-2 and iNOS, and enhancement of antioxidant defense via the Nrf2 pathway. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the phytochemistry, mechanistic pathways, preclinical studies, and clinical trials investigating the anti-inflammatory potential of P. granatum. Applications in nutraceuticals, formulation challenges, and prospects for drug discovery are also highlighted.
Adolf D. Amoloria, Apple Jane Siroy, Donna D. French, Jewel Lyre V. Ebon, Katrina Mae C. Jereme
Hearing impairment poses significant challenges in understanding over-the-counter (OTC) medication instructions, often leading to misuse, low adherence, and poor health outcomes. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the QR-Specialized Information Guidance Nexus (QR-SIGN), a QR code-based tool that provides medication instructions through Filipino Sign Language videos to improve knowledge and promote adherence among Deaf individuals. A quasi-experimental, non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design was conducted with 30 Deaf participants from Koronadal City, equally divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group accessed QR-SIGN, while the control group received no additional support. Results showed significant improvements in knowledge scores— paracetamol (20.00 to 76.67), ibuprofen (26.67 to 71.67), and phenylephrine (33.33 to 63.33)—and adherence (2.95 to 3.72). The intervention group also reported an overall mean satisfaction rating of 4.39, interpreted as Excellent and Very Satisfied. These findings demonstrate that QR-SIGN effectively enhances medication literacy, adherence, and user satisfaction among Deaf individuals.
Janani A M
Medicines derived from herbs possess a unique advantage due to their higher standard of well-being and therapeutic properties. Simultaneously, herbal remedies are also cost-effective, making them accessible to a wider population. Medicinal plants have long played a significant role in the ancient Siddha system, offering natural solutions to various health concerns. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that herbal resources are susceptible to contamination, particularly from bacterial or fungal infections during the stages of harvesting, processing, and storage of raw materials. When these contaminated parts are utilized in medicinal preparations, their bioactive properties may diminish, leading to a loss of potency and efficacy. Additionally, the use of pesticides to safeguard plants from infections and insects introduces the risk of toxic pesticide residues infiltrating the medicinal components. In light of these concerns, a comprehensive analysis of the Siddha herbal preparation Nilavagai chooranam was conducted to assess pesticide residue, specific pathogens, and aflatoxins using modern techniques. The analytical reports conclusively demonstrate that the drug is free from contamination and exhibits the absence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2. This substantiates the safety of the drug for use as medication. This preliminary step in the herbal formulation process serves to uphold the quality and integrity of the herbal drug before it is introduced to the market. It underscores the commitment to ensuring the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines, thereby promoting confidence among consumers and healthcare practitioners. In conclusion, the meticulous assessment of herbal preparations for potential contaminants is imperative in safeguarding public health and upholding the credibility of herbal medicine. By adhering to stringent quality control measures, we can continue to harness the benefits of herbal remedies while mitigating associated risks
Sonai Ghosh
This article offers a detailed study of W. V. O. Quine’s critique of the analytic–synthetic distinction and its consequences for philosophy. The notion of analyticity goes back to Kant, who distinguished analytic truths (true by meaning) from synthetic truths (which tell us something about the world). Logical positivists such as Rudolf Carnap attempted to sharpen this distinction and make it the secure foundation of knowledge. Quine, in his essay “Two Dogmas of Empiricism” (1951/1953), argues that the notion of “analytic” is hopelessly circular, and that the boundary between analytic and synthetic cannot be maintained. He proposes instead a holistic view of knowledge: our beliefs form an interconnected web, and any statement—even in logic or mathematics—can be revised in principle. This collapse of the analytic–synthetic line transforms epistemology and philosophy of language, and leads Quine toward naturalized epistemology, integrating philosophy more closely with science.
Faith Chinnonye Okere, Verner Marijančić
This Study Investigates The Current Methods Of Diagnosing And Rehabilitating Low Back Pain (LBP), Prevalence Of LBP In Ibadan, A City In The Southwestern Part Of Nigeria, And Compares Them With International Practices, Using Croatia As A Case Study. Five Hospitals In Ibadan And Hospitals In Rijeka And Opatija, Croatia, Served As Data Sources. An Online Questionnaire Was Distributed To Medical Practitioners-Physiotherapists, Medical Doctors, Medical Laboratory Scientists And Nurses Across Different Hospitals In The Locations Mentioned Above.A Total Of 101 Responses Were Collected: 51 From Ibadan, Oyo State And 50 From Croatia. In Ibadan, Oyo State, 45.1% Of The Respondents Reported That LBP Occurs More Frequently In Women, While Only 3.9% Said It Is More Common In Men. Occupations Involving Significant Physical Effort Were Identified As A Major Risk Factor, Cited By 27.5% Of Participants. In Addition, 66.7% Of The Respondents Believed That Individuals From Any Profession Could Be Affected. Regarding Diagnostic Tools, 66.7% Of Respondents Confirmed The Availability Of Diagnostic Methods For LBP In Their Hospitals. Knowledge Of Diagnostic Methods Was High For X-Ray(96%), While Fewer Were Aware Of CT Scans (37.3%), Mris (51%), EMG (6%), Blood Tests (6%) Urine Tests (2%), Physical Tests (9.8%) And ESR (2%). The Most Commonly Available Rehabilitation Methods In Ibadan Hospitals Were: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation(TENS) (66.7%), Kinesitherapy (45.1%), Hydrotherapy( 17.6%), LASER (7.8%), Biofeedback Training (23.5%), Traction (56.9%), Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Translation(PNF) (29.4%), Thermotherapy: (3.9%), Phonophoresis (1.9%), Ergonomics (1.9%) And Others. In Croatia,58.8% Of Respondents Reported LBP As Common Among Both Genders. 24% Reported That LBP Is Mostly Common Among Females And 16% Stated That LBP Is Mostly Occurring In The Male Gender. Comparable To The Data Gathered From The Respondents In Ibadan, 24% Of The Participants Responded That Individuals Engaged In Physically Demanding Occupations Are Mostly Susceptible To Low Back Pain; 16% Reported That Cooperate Workers Are Mostly Susceptible To LBP And 60% Of Respondents Reported That People From Any Kind Of Profession Can Be Susceptible To LBP. 66% Of The Participants Responded Positively To The Availability Of Diagnostic Methods For LBP In Their Places Work; 18% Responded Negatively And An Equivalent Of 18% Also Responded ‘Not Sure’. More Diagnostic Methods Were Reported To Be Available: X-Ray(20%), CT Scan(2%), EMG(8%), Physical Examination(4%),Particularly MRI(62%). Rehabilitation Options Were Also More Extensive, With Kinesitherapy(92%), TENS( 88%), Hydrotherapy (62%), LASER(64%),Traction (34%), PNF (54%), Biofeedback Training (18%), Ultrasound (2%), Proprioceptive Deep Tendon Reflex(PDTF)(2%), Cyriax(2%), Mulligan Therapy (2%). Overall, Hospitals In Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria Lack A Comprehensive And Consistent Rehabilitation Framework For LBP, Falling Short Of International Standards. There Is A Pressing Need For Educational Programmes And Infrastructure Improvements To Align Ibadan’s Rehabilitation Services With Global Practices, Thereby Improving The Chances Of Full Recovery Of Patients Diagnosed With LBP And Ultimately, Enhancing Their Quality Of Life.
Dr. Neeru Rathore, Shilpa Sharma
In this age of accelerated digital transformation, the traditional concept of work-life balance (WLB) appears insufficient to capture the complexities at professional and personal domains of employees. This research repositions the discourse toward work-life synergy (WLS), a framework that emphasizes integration and enrichment rather than separation of roles. Anchored in the banking sector of India, the study investigates the relationship between WLS and employee well-being (EWB), which extends beyond job satisfaction and psychological health to encompass resilience, engagement, and meaning at work. The moderating roles of organizational interventions (OI), individual interventions (II), and digital interventions (DI) are introduced, with DI representing an innovative extension to the literature. Primary data from 2,150 women employees across public and private sector banks of Rajasthan were collected using a structured questionnaire. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to evaluate measurement and structural models. Results demonstrated that WLS significantly predicts EWB, while OI and II differentially moderate this relationship. DI emerged as a powerful moderator, amplifying both positive and negative outcomes depending on digital readiness. The study contributes theoretically by advancing WLB research toward synergy and well-being, and practically by offering strategies for integrating organizational, personal, and digital interventions in dynamic work settings.
Alarape, A. A. (Ph.D)
This study investigates the reproductive health knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among underserved women of childbearing age in Osun State, Nigeria. Drawing upon the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) framework and Health Belief Model (HBM), a mixed-methods design was employed, combining structured surveys with focus group interviews across selected rural and peri-urban communities. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 400 women aged 15–49 years. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS (v25), employing descriptive and inferential statistics including chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression. Findings reveal moderate reproductive health knowledge (M = 2.85), generally positive attitudes (M = 2.78), but low practice levels (M = 1.94) on a 5-point Likert scale. Cultural beliefs, limited autonomy, and health system barriers significantly shaped reproductive choices. Statistically significant relationships were found between knowledge and practice (p < .01), and education level emerged as a major predictor of reproductive health behavior. This study highlights a critical gap between awareness and action, emphasizing the need for culturally tailored, community-based interventions and improved health system responsiveness. It contributes to global reproductive health discourse by providing evidence from a sub-national, underserved population in Nigeria.
Ismael C. Casquejo
This qualitative study explores the lived experiences of Senior High School students as first-time researchers in the City Schools Division of Tanauan. With research as a crucial subject in the curriculum, most students struggle due to their lack of prior research exposure in Junior High School. The study utilized homogeneous purposive sampling, involving 40 students across four public schools. Data collection through questionnaires and observations revealed key challenges, including difficulties in finding related literature and group collaboration. However, the process also proved rewarding, with students citing new knowledge, personal growth, and academic skills improvement as valuable outcomes. Respondents suggested interventions like step-by-step guidance, increased research time, and access to free internet resources to enhance the research experience. The study highlights the need for structured support and skill-building opportunities to help first-time researchers navigate the complexities of academic research.
Ani, Chidiebere C., Essiet, Aniekan M, Nnabo, Paulinus N, Oboh, E.Goodluck
Reservoir characterization through the application of petrophysical evaluation of well logs was carried out over Animaux Field in the Niger Delta Basin of Nigeria. A suite of well logs from three wells (Ani-1, Ani-2, and Ani-3) were evaluated and used for reservoir characterization. Five hydrocarbon reservoirs containing oil, in three levels and oil and gas in two levels were interpreted from the three wells. Petrophysical properties (net-to-gross, thicknesses, water saturation and porosity) were estimated over five reservoirs to characterize the quality as well determine fluid typing of the reservoirs. Well correlation was carried out to find out the connections between the three wells to determine connectivity and extent. The Petrophysical analysis produced an average porosity value of 28% for the Ani-1 well for the various zones and water saturation of 31%, 21% and 20% for the E, G, and H oil zones respectively. Reservoirs E, G, H, and L have an average net pay thickness of 3.05m, 7.62m, 3.05m and 6.59m for the oil zones respectively, while the net pay thickness for reservoirs G, H and H_1 gas zones are 11.28m, 8.99m and 9.91m respectively. The reservoir parameters obtained show that the reservoirs are good and of high quality.
Dr. Joseph T. Gudelos
Rapid advancements in reverse aging technology, including telomere rejuvenation, gene therapy, stem cell therapies, and regenerative medicine, have great potential to halt the aging process. However, the implementation of these advancements in clinical practice has been hampered by issues with long-term safety, efficacy, regulatory barriers, societal concerns, and ethical dilemmas. This paper responds to this gap by analyzing the patent landscape of reverse-aging technologies between the years 2003 and 2023, focused on trends, key players, and innovation ecosystems. Patent data from Lens.org, which includes all the application submissions between 2003 and 2023 for gene therapy, stem cell therapies, telomere extension, and regenerative medicine, was used to conduct a patent landscape analysis. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final set of nine patents was obtained from the 18 manually screened patents from an original dataset of over 160 million records using structured keyword searches, Boolean operators, and Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) codes. Analytical tools, such as VOSviewer, mapped regional patterns and thematic trends by visualizing term and keyword co-occurrence. Results show different trends in patents, with biotechnology and regenerative medicine advancements driving increase. Patent activity is dominated by the US and WIPO, reflecting their leadership in innovation. Fragmented innovation landscape highlights interdisciplinary research clusters and further calls for more sophisticated analytical techniques and standardized terminology. While reverse aging technologies hold enormous, even revolutionary, potential, ethical behavior, legal frameworks, and equal access are still problematic. Strategic international collaboration and strong intellectual property frameworks, further reinforced by standardized methodologies, are what it means to accelerate innovation by addressing these issues.
Jairus Mutinda Kilatya, Ngari Lazarus Kinyua, Odhiambo Evans Onyango
This study specifically analyzed assessed the role of community leaders in ensuring secure electoral process in Nairobi City County. Human Security and Securitization Theories explained how community leaders in Nairobi’s informal settlements enhance electoral security by framing threats, mobilizing residents, coordinating with security actors, and guiding responses, ultimately reducing violence, increasing voter participation, and strengthening citizen-state relations. The study used a mixed-method design with 400 purposively sampled respondents from Nairobi’s informal settlements. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and focus groups, and thematic analysis was applied to organize qualitative insights into themes, providing a comprehensive understanding of electoral security and social dynamics. This study observed that Community policing plays a vital role in ensuring safe elections, with elders, youth leaders, religious figures, and women’s groups actively promoting peace, mediating conflicts, and mobilizing voters. Its effectiveness depends on community support, neutrality, and resources, while challenges include politicization, lack of training, and limited capacity. This study proposes a formal Community Electoral Security Council (CESC) of vetted community leaders to ensure impartial, well-resourced, and trusted community policing, strengthening electoral security and preventing politicization.
Md Kamran Khan, Prof. Devendra Pd Singh
Background: Albuminuria is a well-established biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and a significant predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, reflecting systemic vascular dysfunction, including myocardial capillary disease and arterial stiffness. Elevated urinary albumin excretion is linked to increased risks of coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, arrhythmias, and microvascular complications. Despite the availability of albuminuria-lowering therapies that reduce cardiovascular risk, screening remains underutilized. This study investigates the impact of routine albuminuria screening and targeted management on cardiovascular outcomes in a multidisciplinary diabetes care setting. Methods: This randomized controlled trial, conducted at Nidan Kutir Diabetes Care & Research Centre, Bhagalpur from 2022 to 2024, enrolled 735 patients with established CVD and no prior CKD diagnosis. Participants were randomized to either a structured albuminuria screening and management protocol (intervention group, n=368) or standard care (control group, n=367). The intervention group underwent quarterly urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) assessments, with albuminuria-lowering therapies (e.g., SGLT2 inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, or ARBs) initiated or optimized based on UACR levels. The primary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, and cardiovascular death, over the 2-year study period. Secondary endpoints included changes in UACR, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and microvascular complications. Results: The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in MACE compared to the control group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.69, 95% CI 0.54–0.87, p=0.002). UACR levels decreased by 25% in the intervention group (p<0.001), with improved eGFR stability and a lower incidence of microvascular complications. Subgroup analyses indicated greater benefits in patients with baseline UACR ≥30 mg/g. Adverse events, such as hypotension and hyperkalemia, were similar across groups. Conclusion: Routine albuminuria screening and targeted management in a diabetes-focused setting significantly reduce cardiovascular risk and slow CKD progression in patients with CVD. These findings highlight the value of integrating albuminuria surveillance into multidisciplinary diabetes care to optimize patient outcomes.
Ekefan, E.J., Ekhuemelo, C, Katsina, A.C.
Experiments were conducted at the Crop and Environmental Laboratory of the Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University (formerly, Federal University of Agriculture), Makurdi to assess the occurrence of seed-borne fungi on nine varieties (Kampala, Kwankwaso, Jawunde, Samnut 21, Samnut, 22, Samnut 23, Samnut 24, Samnut 25 and Samnut 26) of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and to test the effect of ginger (Zangiber officinale) extract on Aspergillus niger and Fusarium verticilloides. Detection of seed-borne fungi was done by standard blotter methods while mycelial growth of A. niger and F. verticilloides were recorded on potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium. All the experiments were carried out in Completely Randomized Design replicated as appropriate. The fungi detected were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium solani and Botryodiplodia theobromae. A. flavus and A. niger were the most predominant fungi encountered. A. niger was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Kampala variety and was lowest (P<0.05) in SAMNUT 24 and SAMNUT 26. Occurrence of Fusarium verticilloides was significantly (P<0.05) lower in SAMNUT 24 compared with the other varieties except SAMNUT 26 while Fusarium solani was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Jawunda followed by Kwankwaso, and Kampala varieties. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of B. theobromae amongst the varieties tested. Mycelial growth of A. niger was significantly (P<0.05) lowest at 30 % w/v, ginger amended medium giving an inhibition rate of 91.4% compared with the control. Ginger extract at 30% w/v gave 100% inhibition of mycelial growth in F. verticilloides compared with the control. It is concluded that groundnut varieties are infected by various fungal organisms and ginger (Zangiber officinale) extract reduced the growth of A. niger and F. verticilloides infecting groundnuts
Isuri Kathriarachchi
This paper explores the significance of reading instructions for language improvement in children with Down syndrome (DS). Reading is not only a foundational literacy skill but also a pathway to oral language development in children with DS, who often experience deficits in phonological awareness (PA) and oral language acquisition. The objectives of this review were to: (1) identify the constraints faced by children with DS in their reading and language development, and (2) examine the most effective instructional strategies to improve their reading comprehension and language skills. Secondary data was collected through a literature review of peer-reviewed journal articles and research studies from Macquarie University library and Google Scholar databases. Findings indicate that constraints include poor phonological development, deficits in expressive language, and lack of teacher preparedness. However, targeted phonics-based instruction, silent reading, family-mediated interventions, and vocabulary development strategies have proven effective in enhancing PA, reading comprehension, and oral language outcomes. The paper concludes that while progress has been made in developing evidence-based interventions, further longitudinal and cross-cultural research is required to strengthen literacy practices for children with DS.
Mira F. Armia
This article presents a comparative theological analysis of classical theology’s conception of sin and Jerome Murphy-O’Connor’s reinterpretation of Pauline anthropology. Classical theology, shaped by figures such as Augustine and Aquinas, traditionally frames sin as an inherited flaw - legalistic, inward, and individualistic - emphasizing moral acts, personal guilt, and the necessity of sacramental remedies. This framework has dominated catechetical instruction and moral theology for centuries, often fostering a pessimistic view of human nature. In contrast, Murphy-O’Connor’s reading of Paul redefines sin as a structural condition rooted in the false value systems of the world. Rather than focusing on individual transgressions, he emphasizes the societal forces that alienate humanity from its authentic self. Authentic existence, according to Murphy-O’Connor, is not achieved through isolated moral acts but through participation in a community modeled on the humanity of Christ. The Christian community, as the Body of Christ, becomes the barrier to sin, empowering individuals to move from “death” (inauthentic existence) to “life” (authentic being). This study employs a comparative framework to highlight the theological, anthropological, and pastoral implications of these two paradigms. It draws on historical sources, doctrinal developments, and Murphy-O’Connor’s pastoral anthropology to explore how communal belonging reshapes moral responsibility. The findings suggest that reframing sin as a structural condition invites a shift in catechesis and religious education from individual moralism to relational ethics rooted in community. This approach fosters a deeper understanding of Christian identity, moral formation, and the liberating power of grace as mediated through authentic relationships. Ultimately, Murphy-O’Connor’s insights offer a hopeful vision of redemption that challenges the pessimism of classical doctrine and affirms the transformative potential of Christian community.
Ashok Teja Kaki, Dr. K Srikanth, T.Venkatesh, Tharun kumar
Public policy implementation often struggles with uneven budget allocation across sectors and regions, leading to inefficiencies in resource use. This study presents a data-driven framework for smart budget allocation through predictive analytics and optimization methods. The proposed model helps policymakers ensure fair and efficient distribution of public funds by integrating socioeconomic indicators, sector-specific requirements, and past expenditure outcomes. Using linear regression forecasting combined with constrained linear programming, the framework determines sector-wise budgets. The analysis focuses on five crucial public sectors—Agriculture, Health, Education, Rural Development, and Road Transport—using data from 2020 to 2025, along with macroeconomic indicators such as GDP growth, unemployment rates, and simulated public sentiment. A custom interactive dashboard enables real-time visualization and engagement with predicted and optimized budgets. Evaluation results highlight the potential of blending machine learning with operations research for evidence-based governance. The study introduces a scalable and reproducible model that aligns with national missions like India@2047 and Swarna Andhra Pradesh. By embedding data science into fiscal decision-making, this work contributes to advancing digital governance, improving transparency, and fostering citizen-centric planning.
Ch. Raja, N V Sravan Kumar., Nikhil S Kallakuri., Parupally Chandana.
This paper presents the design and simulation of a Sobel edge detection module for 64×64 grayscale images using Verilog HDL. The architecture employs line buffers and a 3×3 convolution window to compute horizontal and vertical intensity gradients in a pipelined manner. Post-processing in Python is used to generate binary edge maps, intensity plots, and histograms for validation and visualization. The hardware pipeline achieves a throughput of one pixel per clock cycle after pipeline fill, requiring 4,096 cycles per frame. At a nominal 100 MHz clock, the design completes a frame in approximately 41 µs, corresponding to over 24,000 frames per second. Compared with a Python/OpenCV baseline, the Verilog implementation demonstrates an estimated 20–25× improvement in per-frame cycle efficiency. Although validated through simulation only, the design is synthesizable and provides a hardware-friendly framework for rapid prototyping of digital image processing algorithms.
Ajeet Kumar, Deepak Kumar Behera, Randhir Pratap Singh
India, with its demographic advantage of a youthful population, stands at a crucial point in its developmental journey, yet faces a persistent challenge of low formal skill training among its workforce. Despite government efforts through flagship initiatives such as Skill India Mission, PMKVY, and Digital India, only about 2.5–3% of the workforce has received formal vocational or technical training, far behind international counterparts like South Korea (96%) and Germany (75%). This skills deficit has constrained employability, with labour market studies consistently highlighting a mismatch between industry demands and available skill sets. Consequently, sectors including engineering, healthcare, IT, and manufacturing face shortages of job-ready candidates despite high vacancies. The issue is particularly acute in Bihar, one of India’s fastest-growing yet economically lagging states, where agricultural employment is declining but non-farm job creation remains limited. To address this, the present study investigates the effectiveness of skill development programmes under the Aspirational District Programme in Muzaffarpur and Aurangabad. A total of 600 trainees across training institutes such as Kushal Yuva Programme and Kaushal Vikas Centres were surveyed. The respondents largely belong to rural, socially disadvantaged, and low-income groups, yet possess sufficient educational backgrounds to benefit from structured training. Findings reveal the need for stronger industry alignment, updated curricula, digital literacy integration, and enhanced job placement mechanisms. The study recommends targeted outreach in rural areas, improved monitoring frameworks, employer partnerships, gender-inclusive policies, and localized training models. Additionally, strengthening ICT skills and Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) can significantly boost employability. By bridging the demand–supply skill gap and tailoring programmes to regional labour market needs, Bihar has the potential to transform its youth into a competitive workforce. Ultimately, sustained investment in vocational education and entrepreneurship-oriented training can help reduce unemployment, enhance productivity, and contribute to inclusive economic growth.
Almira Villareal Seduco, Noe T. Hermosa
This study assessed solid waste management (SWM) practices and their implementation among science teachers in the District of Leon I, Leon, Iloilo, and identified integration points for the DepEd Science curriculum. Using a descriptive-correlational design, 62 teachers answered a Likert questionnaire on segregation, reduction, recycling/reuse, disposal, and policy implementation. Practices were moderate: segregation scored highest; disposal was weakest. Older teachers (≥36) showed stronger segregation and implementation; female teachers reported better disposal practices. Seminar attendance showed no significant effects. Segregation, reduction, and recycling/reuse were positively associated with implementation, while disposal was not. Findings point to gaps in the final handling of waste and in the knowledge of sanctions under RA 9003. The school SWM package for Science, class waste audits, color-coded bin use, composting investigations, plastic-use reduction challenges, and eco-monitor roles, aligned with ESD and RA 9003. These actions translate policy into habits, strengthen implementation, and support reductions in school waste.
Rishikesh Kumar, Sheo Kumar
Maltidhari College, Naubatpur, Patna is a rural area constituent college of Patliputra University, Patna in the state of Bihar. The college has maintained high standards in relation to ecological perspective. Google Earth data of last 15 years prior to 2022 shows that changes in campus has not disturbed the biodiversity and number of trees. Efforts to improve plant diversity include establishment of different gardens with various purposes like Sundar Lal Bahuguna Fal Udyan for fruits, Rishi Bagh Bhatt Ayurvedic Udyan for medicinal plants, Malti Pusp Vatika for flowers, Botanical Garden for woods and Gandhi Naitik Sthal for aesthetic plants. Besides these many other plants have been planted along the sides of pathway and backyard of most of the buildings. These areas have large trees which maximises utilisation of land area of the campus for greenery purpose. Our scientific survey of flora found a total of 322 trees of 51 different species that includes trees of mainly Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Tectona grandis followed by Wodyetia bifurcate are most frequent species of tree. To our surprise the campus also has few species of plants which are in various categories of risk of extinction such as critically endangered, Endangered, Threatened and Vulnerable as per IUCN red list data. It also has species of trees whose global trend of population is decreasing as per IUCN Red List Data. In campus these plants have Shannon’s diversity index of 2.91 and Simpson’s diversity index of 0.88. This college presents an ideal example of development with ecological preservation. Number of trees have increased from 11 in 2012 to 322 in 2022. Collective tree plantation programme of 2016 caused the increase the number of trees from 27 in 2017 to 255 in 2018.
A. S. S. M. Q-E-Elahy, Gias Uddin, Hasibul Islam, MD Rafiqul Islam, Md. Emran Sikder, Sadia Khanum, Wary Hossain Rabby
We’re researching how our thesis can help guess stock prices and suggest smart investment moves. We start by checking if the current stock prices are right, looking at both the percent- age and money differences. We also predict the prices tomorrow, showing the real-time and guessed numbers and explaining how much they differ. After that, we give practical advice in three categories: Sell, Hold, and Buy, so people can make smart choices. We also look at what happens if the stock prices are guessed wrong and how it affects people’s investment portfolios.
Dae-Song Kim, Jun-Chol Ku
Background In order to increase the adhesive strength of the adhesive interlining, it is necessary to make a good adhesive and use it. In the process of the production of adhesive interlining with DR501 as the main raw material, the adhesive hardened rapidly, which prevented frequent screening and prevented the quality of the produced adhesive interlining. In this paper, an emulsion-type urea-formaldehyde water-soluble liquid resin was prepared for the production of adhesive interlining, and a new adhesive interlining production process was established using it. The addition condensation reactant was introduced into the emulsion phase during the initial condensation of urea-formaldehyde using an organic catalyst to obtain a urea-formaldehyde emulsion resin with good adhesion close to the properties of an acrylic resin emulsion (DR501). The new emulsion-type urea-formaldehyde aqueous resin solution was prepared by adding urotropin to improve the water resistance and adhesion strength of the adhesive significantly after the addition condensation reaction was completed. It also developed a formula for adhesive core resin paste with emulsion resin as a feedstock, thus making full use of existing production processes and equipment, raising production efficiency and operating rate of equipment and improving the quality of products. In this regard, the paper adjusted the viscosity of the resin paste to 120 Pa•s, further improved the viscosity of the resin paste so as to better capture and fix the polyester powder, and developed a rational formula for doubling the water resistance, brittleness and adhesive strength of urea resin.
Kumari Manisha, Sharma Devi Komal
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain among the most common bacterial infections worldwide, with Escherichia coli as the predominant uropathogen. This retrospective study analyzed culture and susceptibility data from 455 samples processed in the Medicine Department of Zonal Hospital Dharamshala between January–December 2024. Urine was the most frequent specimen (58% OPD, 41% IPD, 1% ICU). E. coli accounted for the majority of isolates (n=94). High susceptibility was observed to meropenem (91%), piperacillin–tazobactam (89%), gentamicin (86%), fosfomycin (84%), and imipenem (84%), supporting their role in targeted or reserve therapy. Nitrofurantoin (78%) and cefepime (73%) remained moderately effective, whereas ciprofloxacin (30%), ampicillin (21%), and amoxiclav (53%) showed poor efficacy, limiting their empirical use. These findings highlight the value of department-specific antibiograms for guiding rational empirical therapy, preserving carbapenem efficacy, and supporting antimicrobial stewardship initiatives to mitigate resistance in this secondary-care hospital setting.
Dr. Jaimala Ashok Sode, Sheetal Parasram Sanap
Aim: The present research study examines the difference in terms of superstitious behavior among family members of individuals undergoing psychiatric treatment located in urban and rural areas. This research aims to understand the influence of superstition beliefs and behavior of family members on perceptions and responses to mental health treatment of their loved one. Material and Methods: The total sample consisted 100 family members of individuals taking psychiatric treatment out of which 50 from urban areas and 50 from rural areas located in Nashik districts of Maharashtra. The sample was selected from psychiatric clinics located in Nashik city. For examine the level of Superstitious Behavior researchers used superstitious behavior scale by Dr. Manasvi Shrivastav (2019). Statistical Analysis: Descriptive, inferential comparative statistical analyses were used for observing the difference. The t test was used to study the difference in superstitious behavior between urban and rural family members. Result and Conclusion: The research finding shows the significant difference in terms of superstitious behavior between urban and rural family members. The mean score of superstitious behavior was 11.52 (SD = 10.56) for urban family members and 34.40 (SD = 17.10) for rural family members and the obtained t-value was 7.56 which indicated significant difference. The study revealed that rural family members exhibited higher levels of superstitious behavior as compared to urban family members which plays the crucial role in shaping the attitudes of family members toward psychiatric treatment in rural settings.
Chidimma Vera Ezeuduji, Ifeoma MaryJane Iloamaeke, Juliana Onyema Ndubuisi, Onyeka Fabian Obumselu, Peter Ekemezie, Phina Chinelo Ezeagwu
Surfactants were synthesized from Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) oil via sulphonation and evaluated for surface-active and thermodynamic properties. The extracted oil had an acid value of 9.56 mg KOH/g, refractive index of 1.46, density of 1341 kg/m³, viscosity of 19.52 mPa.s, and lipid content of 18.20%. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified carboxylic acids and esters as major functional groups, while Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) detected oleic, palmitoleic, and decanoic acids among others. Three surfactants (NT-25, NT-30, NT-45) were obtained at sulphonation temperatures of 25°C, 30°C, and 45°C, respectively. They effectively reduced surface tension to 31.0, 36.0, and 44.0 mN/m, with critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of 2.86, 3.16, and 3.55 mmol/L, respectively. Wetting times ranged from 7.21 to 19.00 seconds, and foam stability reached 96% (NT-25), 95% (NT-30), and 96% (NT-45). NT-25 and NT-30 exhibited higher surface pressure at CMC (∏cmc), greater surface excess concentration (Γmax), and lower minimum surface area per molecule (A), enhancing their surface tension reduction compared to NT-45. These results suggest NT-25 and NT-30 possess excellent wetting and foam stability, making them promising for applications in soaps, detergents, and cosmetics.
Emeka Walter Ndubuisi, Hassan B. Yesufu, Lawrence Ocheme Akor, Wadai Smith
Complexes of Co, Ni and Cu with maleic acid as ligand were synthesized using reported procedure and characterized using UV spectrometry. The purity of the complexes was monitored and analyzed using solubility, melting point test and the complexes were evaluated for anti-oxidant activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydraxyl(DPPH) free radicals. All the complexes are of good yield, they are of different colors, partially soluble in organic solvent and soluble in DMF. The result was analyzed and presented as mean± SEM. The complex of Co, Ni and Cu at the concentration of 100ug/ml, 50ug/ml, 25ug/ml and 12.5ug/ml respectively shows less scavenging activity compared to the standard (vitamin C) at all concentration. The EC50 result shows that all the complexes have less activity compared to the standard (Vit C.) but still showing notable antioxidant capacity. On the bases of the above studies, an octahedral has been proposed for the complexes.
Dr. Deepti Dimri
Inclusive education—educating children with diverse learning needs within mainstream classrooms—has become a central policy and practice objective worldwide. The success of inclusion depends heavily on teachers: their knowledge, skills, beliefs, and readiness to implement inclusive practices. This paper presents a systematic literature-review style synthesis of research on teacher preparedness and attitudes toward inclusive classrooms. Using a PRISMA-informed search across peer-reviewed journals, policy documents, and gray literature, we identify major themes: (1) variability in teachers’ attitudes (from positive to ambivalent), (2) the central role of teacher self-efficacy and beliefs in shaping inclusive practice, (3) gaps in pre- service and in-service training, (4) contextual enablers and barriers (resources, leadership, policy), and (5) promising strategies to build preparedness (targeted professional development, collaborative supports, and assistive technologies). We discuss implications for teacher education, policy, and future research—arguing that improving preparedness requires a systems approach linking teacher preparation, continuous professional learning, school leadership, and community engagement. The review highlights critical research gaps (longitudinal impacts of training, culturally responsive inclusion practices, and scalable models in low-resource settings) and offers practical recommendations for teacher educators, school administrators, and policymakers.
Dr. Amita Jain
Teacher's Day is an important and dedicated day especially dedicated to teachers. The day recognizes the importance of education and provides an opportunity to support the teachers' union. On this day, students and the community also get an opportunity to express their gratitude towards teachers. 5th September is celebrated as Teacher's Day all over the country. It is the teacher who nurtures values, culture, and qualities. On Teacher's Day, a cultured child takes blessings from the teacher and asks for good wishes. The teacher also bestows blessings with a pure heart. The relationship between teacher and disciple becomes stronger. Remember them throughout life. Today's education is good for livelihood but not for human development. The teacher can also elaborate on the topic with examples from his life. Unless the teacher is involved in the life of the student, the objectives of education cannot be achieved. Today only teachers can improve many problems of the society. The excitement of this day increases the importance of education socially and gives an opportunity to the students to feel appreciation and gratitude towards their teachers. This day is a good medium to maintain strong teacher-student relationship. Teacher’s Day even reminds students that education is the key to progress and prosperity in the society and teachers have an important contribution in it. Along with this, teachers are also honoured for their hardships and hard work.
Lynette P. Rue, Mary Hope A. Mallorca, Mylyn R. Joya
Receiving teachers plays a vital role in guaranteeing inclusive education, specifically as the major instrument in fostering equitable learning environment, and ensuring students with special needs are provided with better learning experiences. Provided this, this study aims to explore the lived experiences of receiving teachers in Cluster 1 in the Division of General Trias City. A total of seven (7) respondents participated in the face-to-face interview, selected through purposive sampling. The study utilized phenomenological research approach, data were gathered by the use of validated interview guide questions, and were organized through coding method. Subsequently, the results were analyzed through thematic analysis which provided three (3) generated themes for each research questions. Specifically, the findings revealed that receiving teachers view their experience as a transformative journey amidst range of complex challenges, including insufficient training, lack of instructional resourced, and inadequate funding and support. The result also highlighted the advantages they obtain such as sense of fulfillment and professional growth. Recommendations were made in order to strengthen inclusive practices and support structures to teachers, eventually resulting to equitable learning opportunities for all learners.
Bijay Kumar Mohanty, Samirranjan Adhikari, Santanu Layek
Test anxiety remains a pervasive psychological concern that adversely affects adolescents’ academic performance and emotional well-being. This study investigates the combined effects of achievement motivation and perfectionism on test anxiety among school-going adolescents in Purulia district, West Bengal. Using a correlational research design, a stratified random sample of 516 students from classes IX and X was assessed through the Achievement Motivation Scale (Deo & Mohan, 1985), the Perfectionist Self-Presentation Scale (Hewitt et al., 2003), and the Friedben Test Anxiety Scale (Friedben & Benadas-Jacob, 1997). Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted separately for male, female, and combined groups of adolescents. Findings revealed that both maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism (e.g., non-display of imperfection, perfectionistic self-promotion) and certain facets of achievement motivation (e.g., achievement anxiety) significantly predicted higher levels of test anxiety, with variations across gender. The results underscore the intricate interplay between motivational and personality factors in shaping adolescents’ evaluative stress. These findings hold practical implications for educators, parents, and policymakers to design interventions that foster adaptive motivation while mitigating the maladaptive aspects of perfectionism, thereby promoting academic resilience.
Santhya S, Sashtiga K, Senthil Kumar N
This paper examines the transformation of selfhood in the digital era, investigating how identity, authenticity, and subjective experience are shaped by social media, neurotechnology and digital platforms. Moving beyond classical notions of a stable, coherent self, it engages postmodern and critical frameworks that emphasize fluidity, fragmentation and performativity in digitally mediated existence. Drawing on interdisciplinary scholarship from philosophy, social theory and technology studies, the study examines the ethical, psychological and existential implications of digital selfhood. By synthesizing theoretical perspectives with contemporary technological developments, the paper illuminates how digital environments reconfigure agency, subjectivity and human experience, offering a critical account of the challenges and opportunities inherent in identity formation in the 21st century.
Aisyah Humairah Rasli., Hairani Iqma Hasri., Mohd Azry Abdul Malik, Nor Azima Ismail., Nor Fatihah Abd Razak., Norafefah Mohamad Sobri., Nur Syaliza Hanim Che Yusof, Nursyamimi Adnan., Omar Kairan., Sarah Sofea Rohani Abdul Majid.
Recently, there has been a growing emphasis on promoting physical well-being through improved health awareness, regular physical activity, and healthier dietary practices. Recognizing the critical association between physical health and academic success, universities have increasingly implemented wellness initiatives to support students' overall well-being. This study aims to examine the influence of exercise frequency, health awareness, and dietary habits on students' physical well-being. A total of 76 participants from a prominent higher education institution in Kelantan were surveyed using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and independent t-tests. Findings reveal that exercise frequency and dietary habits significantly affect students’ physical well-being, whereas health awareness showed no significant influence. The study offers important insights for higher education administrators and policymakers in developing strategies to foster positive physical well-being among university students.
Dr. Pramod B. Pathrikar, Dr. Sachin H. More
This study investigates the significant impact of landforms and slope on agricultural cropping patterns in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar District, Maharashtra. Employing a mixed-methods approach, combining geospatial analysis and field observations, the research reveals a strong correlation between the district’s diverse topography and its agricultural productivity. The fertile, flat plains of the Godavari basin, supported by robust irrigation systems, are predominantly utilized for water-intensive crops such as sugarcane and cotton. In contrast, the hilly and undulating terrains in the northern and western regions, characterized by steeper slopes and thinner soils, are better suited for drought-resistant crops like bajra and various pulses. The findings underscore the critical role of geomorphological factors in shaping agricultural practices and highlight the need for tailored, sustainable strategies that align with the local landscape. By integrating these insights, the study advocates for enhanced agricultural planning to ensure long-term food security and environmental sustainability in the region.
Arunava Narayan Mukherjee, Dr. Soma Bose Biswas, Ipsita Ghatak
Modern IT workplaces demand more than just technical proficiency. "Value skills"—such as ethical decision-making, empathy, and adaptability are increasingly recognized as vital for fostering Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB), which enhances organizational effectiveness. Studies of Indian IT professionals report that constructs associated with “value skills” bear positive relationships with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). In one study, work values correlated significantly with OCB, while another linked component of psychological capital (hope, optimism, resilience, self‐efficacy) with change-oriented OCB. Engagement, seen as both an intellectual and emotional involvement in work, and job embeddedness, defined by an employee’s fit, links, and sacrifices, show consistent positive associations. One study focused on IT professionals found that workplace inclusivity enhanced commitment, organizational identification, and creativity.
Adithyalakshmi Suresh, Narasimman. R
This research critically examines the hybridization of the Jack Arch roofing system within the context of colonial India, where British engineering intersected with indigenous construction traditions. While Jack Arches are often treated as purely colonial imports, this study argues for a more nuanced understanding of their localized adaptation. The research identifies a gap in architectural historiography, where the Jack Arch is seldom recognized as a culturally negotiated outcome shaped through collaboration and necessity. By analysing archival engineering manuals and Public Works Department records, this paper reveals how local craftsmen modified imported engineering practices using vernacular materials such as hand-moulded bricks, lime mortar, and region-specific construction logic. These adaptations not only improved the climatic suitability and cost-effectiveness of the system but also established a new architectural language that merged colonial structural rationalism with indigenous craftsmanship. The study uses a comparative framework to contrast Jack Arches with traditional roofing systems such as Madras Terrace, bamboo thatch, and stone slabs evaluating them through parameters like thermal performance, construction skill, durability, and cost. In doing so, it offers evidence of a conscious and regionally grounded architectural transition during the colonial era. The findings underscore the relevance of these hybrid systems in both heritage conservation and the development of sustainable, resource-efficient architecture in present-day India.
Abhay Vivek Siddhartha, Aditya Ramkrushna Patil
We establish the complete non-existence of integer solutions to the Diophantine equation Y^3 + XY = X^4 + 4, thereby resolving an open problem in the classification of quartic- cubic Diophantine equations. Our proof employs a novel synthesis of classical techniques: we utilize Sophie Germain’s identity for the factorization of quartic forms, develop a com- prehensive greatest common divisor stratification, and apply systematic modular arithmetic obstructions combined with the unique factorization property in Z. The proof proceeds through an exhaustive case analysis based on d = gcd(x, y), where we show that d ∈ {1, 2, 4} is necessary, and then demonstrate that each case leads to a polynomial equation with no integer roots. We establish several auxiliary results on the coprimality structure of the factored forms and the impossibility of certain quartic polynomial equations over Z. Our methods extend beyond this specific equation, providing a template for attacking similar mixed-degree Diophantine problems. We complement our theoretical analysis with rigorous computational verification and propose several generalizations, connecting our re- sult to the broader landscape of Diophantine analysis, including connections to genus-1 curves and the study of integral points on algebraic varieties. The techniques developed herein contribute to the ongoing classification program for Diophantine equations of low degree and small height.
Nadia Atiqah Zulkiffly, Salwa Zolkaflil, Sharifah Nazatul Faiza Syed Mustapha Nazri
Purpose This study aims to examine corporate ethical culture practices as to whether the existence of core ethical values, ethics programs, and ethical leadership infused throughout the organisation will reduce corporate fraud. Design/methodology/approach This study used questionnaires to survey employees of publicly listed companies in Malaysia, and we analysed the data using a statistical test in SPSS. A total of 214 responses were received and were deemed as usable. Multiple regression was performed to achieve the objectives of this study. Findings This study validates the need for more corporate ethical practices as part of corporate governance to reduce corporate fraud. Consequently, it provides the rationale for undertaking this research as well as the basis for generating research questions and hypotheses. Research limitations/implications The organisation needs to develop knowledge and skills to help the employees make decisions in the best interest of their companies and to view corporate ethical practices as widespread throughout the organisation. One excellent approach to reducing corporate fraud is to examine core ethical values, implement ethics programs, and foster ethical leadership. Theoretical/Practical Implication. This study provides the latest literature that supports the validated results of the inductive data analysis of the survey. From a practical perspective, a corporate ethical culture can enhance optimal productivity, minimise the cost of employee turnover and retraining, and give the organisation higher profitability.
Dr. J. Jolly Vini Sheeba
Small Finance Banks (SFBs) were introduced in India in 2015 by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to promote financial inclusion and provide banking services to underserved and unserved populations. This paper examines the role of SFBs in enhancing financial inclusion in India, their operational challenges, and their impact on the economy. Using secondary data from RBI reports, financial statements, and case studies of prominent SFBs, the study evaluates the performance of SFBs in India. The findings indicate that SFBs have significantly contributed to financial inclusion, particularly in rural areas, but face challenges such as high operational costs and regulatory compliance. Policy recommendations are provided to address these challenges and ensure sustainable growth.
Sangeeta Jha, Satyadev Singh
This review paper examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming retail inventory management with predictive analytics, machine learning algorithms, and automation. Drawing on the results of four articles, the review examines AI-facilitated enhancements in demand forecasting, inventory optimization, supply chain integration, and reordering automation. The study also examines challenges and strategic implications of leveraging AI in the retail industry. The study establishes the premise that not only does AI enhance forecasting accuracy and response time, but it also supports lean inventory practices, scalability, and real-time responsiveness. With the help of AI, retail firms try to realign their inventory to achieve its full potential.
Bildad Awere, Teclah Jebet
In this journal we examined how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used to transform the use of libraries in the academic institutions in Nairobi. As the need to run efficient library services rises, AI technologies, including automated cataloging systems, chatbots based on AIs, and intelligent recommendation engines are slowly introduced to managing libraries. The research question is to ascertain the level of AI penetration at the libraries in Nairobi, analyze how to overcome existing challenges of operations, and determine the ethical issues of integrating AI. Desktop research was carried out with the help of which secondary data contained in peer-reviewed articles, institution reports, and the case studies of 2022-2025 were studied. Central conclusions affirm that, although AI can improve the way libraries operate both in terms of efficiency and user interaction, issues like limited infrastructure, data security concern, and lack of skills can still be the impediments to realizing the widespread implementation. Also, with AI, user satisfaction has been shown to jump up dramatically under personalized user interactions. The research can be used to add value to the AI adoption literature in developing economies, and it gives information on the ethical and practical needs libraries incur. The recommendations that can be made to library practitioners, policymakers, and researchers involve training initiatives, standards of ethics, and policy formulation, which help in adopting AI and making its adoption a success in the academic libraries of Nairobi.
Dr. Sarah Gitau, Margaret Thatcher Miyawa, Prof. Sylvester Munguti Masu
National government-funded (NGF) construction projects in Kenya play a crucial role in fostering infrastructure development and economic growth. However, these projects are often marred by persistent conflicts arising from poor contract management, political interference, delayed payments, land acquisition disputes, and stakeholder disagreements. These conflicts lead to project delays, cost overruns, and in extreme cases, project abandonment. This study aimed to investigate the contributing factors to conflict in national government funded construction projects. Specifically, the study sought to examine the delays in payment, variation in design, misinterpretation of designs and delays in decision making by the stakeholders involved. The study adopted a mixed-methods research design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data was collected through self-administered questionnaires distributed to 173 respondents drawn from a target population of 185 professionals, including project managers, architects, quantity surveyors and contractors. Qualitative data was gathered through interviews with key industry players. The research utilized descriptive statistics such as means and standard deviations, alongside inferential techniques like correlation and regression analysis to interpret the findings. The study contributed valuable insights into how the contributing factors of conflict in national government funded project in uasin Gishu. The findings informed policy makers and practitioners, government agencies, construction managers, and other stakeholders on contributing factor of conflicts in NG funded projects in Uasin Gishu. Ultimately, the study revealed that the leading causes of conflict in national government-funded construction projects were late payment of contractors (M = 4.27), poor communication among stakeholders (M = 4.14), and design changes (M = 3.89The regression model indicated a strong and significant contribution of construction management to conflict resolution (R² = 0.770, p < .001). It was concluded that targeted management strategies, particularly those emphasizing communication, stakeholder involvement, and contract clarity, are effective in minimizing conflicts
Mube Ajuri, Uzor Chijioke Esq
Immigration law stands at the interface between state sovereignty and international law obligations, creating a dynamic space where national policy is relentlessly being redefined by evolving global frameworks. International law, framed in terms of treaties, conventions, customary law, and judicial precedent, has increasingly influenced how states organize, regulate, and rationalize their immigration policies. Mechanisms such as the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as regional instruments of the Americas and Africa have set standards limiting arbitrary exclusion and reiterating protection for basic rights of refugees and migrants. At the same time, soft law instruments like the 2018 Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration encouraged cooperative responses to address contemporary issues like climate-induced displacement and irregular migration. This paper critically examines how much international law affects national immigration policy, balancing state interests in controlling borders with obligations to maintain human dignity. By analysing seminal court decisions, new controversies, and significant legal doctrines, the study frames the tension between universality and sovereignty, asymmetrical enforcement across regions, and growing calls for greater international solidarity. The study concludes that international law provides normative guidance of great value but depends on political will, enforcement strategies, and the capacity of states to reconcile national interests and international obligations.
Umesh Sankpal
A Citrate gel precursor method was employed to prepare CoFeCrO4. The citrate complex of cobalt-iron-chromium was investigated with the help of thermoanalytical technique. Its thermal decomposition study in air by subsequent analysis by FT-IR and XRD were studied to predict the stepwise reaction mechanism at various temperature ranges to get single phase pure spinel compound.
Tadesse Negash Reta
Governance of resources like land in Ethiopia lacks mainstreaming gender issues. Most of the rural people specially women are affected negatively by access and control over land due to economic, cultural, and other interrelated factors. This study is primarily focused on a gender-based analysis of the rural land policy of the Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. Specifically, this research identifies how the right to access and control land is stated in the policy document, the productive and reproductive roles of women stated in the regional rural land policy, gender stereotypes, norms, and judgments that exist about access and control over land and the social norms (about inheritance, marriage, and divorce) affecting the regional land policy in terms of access and control of land. In this study, a qualitative research methodology is applied. Secondary data sources are used for the analysis. Gender-aware policy appraisal as a tool for the analysis of the rural land policy of Amhara regional state is used. This study concludes that several gaps, contradictions, and ambiguities exist in the rural land laws of the Amhara regional state. In particular, gaps in regulations related to related to inheritance, donation, rent in relation to women’s land right are visible. Both in the federal and regional land policy document no provision gives attention and provides guidelines to ensure how stakeholders’ coordination minimizes the implementation problems. Women also face the conditions of losing ownership rights due to administrative bias. As a recommendation, the law needs revision in a way that primarily focuses on gender differences and collaborative work for an efficient land administration system. In terms of access and control of land in the Amhara regional state land policy; priority should be given to rural women who are economically poor and culturally affected.
Augustine Alobu Ekoh, Michael Obinna Onyewuchi, Nkiruka Lilian Okwuanga, Onyinyechi Queen Promise, Promise Nwachinemerem Okpechi
We present a rare case of a trilobed left lung, where the left lung possesses three distinct lobes separated by both horizontal and oblique fissures, mirroring the typical structure of the right lung. This anatomical variation was discovered during a routine cadaveric dissection at Nnamdi Azikiwe University. The study aims to document and describe this variation, compare it with classical lung anatomy, explore potential embryological causes, and highlight its clinical relevance. The discovery of this variation has significant implications for clinical practice, particularly in radiological diagnosis, thoracic surgery, and pulmonology. Recognizing such variations is crucial to avoid diagnostic errors, surgical complications, or misinterpretation in imaging. This case reinforces the importance of cadaveric dissection in anatomical education and highlights the need for region-specific anatomical documentation.
Dr. Vedant V. Pandya
This paper provides a comprehensive, post-doctoral level analysis of the domain of academic leadership. It defines the concept, traces its historical and theoretical evolution and deconstructs its core dimensions, components and classifications. The unique operational environment of higher education, with its inherent tensions between collegiality and managerialism, is examined. This paper details the internal and external roles of academic leaders, explores the determinants of their effectiveness and reviews frameworks for measurement and assessment. Key contemporary challenges—including financial pressures, technological disruption and shifting stakeholder expectations—are analyzed. Finally, the paper identifies emerging trends, projects future directions and synthesizes critical research gaps, concluding that the future-ready academic leader must be an adaptive, emotionally intelligent and data-literate agent of change within a complex and dynamic ecosystem.
Azikiwe Peter Onwualu, Dr. Albert Harrison Harvey, Dr. Dante A. Bendu, Mrs. Nancy Harrison Harvey
Sierra Leone’s energy sector has long been constrained by limited access, weak governance, and dependence on donor-funded interventions. Despite ambitious policies and reforms, service delivery outcomes remained poor. This study investigated the policy–performance nexus to understand why ambitious policies often fail to translate into reliable, affordable, and sustainable electricity services. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative household surveys (with a 95% response rate) with qualitative key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and secondary data analysis. This design enabled triangulation of findings across citizen perceptions, institutional perspectives, and policy documents. The findings indicated that energy policies in Sierra Leone were ambitious but undermined by weak implementation, corruption, political interference, and utility inefficiencies. Quantitative results showed that most households perceived electricity as unaffordable, unreliable, and unfairly distributed. Qualitative insights revealed governance deficits, including illegal connections, opaque billing systems, and weak regulatory enforcement. Donor-funded renewable energy projects were found to be unsustainable when community ownership, integration, and capacity-building were absent. The study concluded that Sierra Leone’s energy sector challenges were not due to a lack of policy ambition but to systemic governance and institutional weaknesses. To bridge the gap between policy and performance, a hybrid framework was proposed, emphasising strong governance, financial sustainability, renewable energy expansion, and community inclusion. This framework offers lessons for policymakers, donors, and regional stakeholders on advancing resilient and inclusive energy systems in fragile contexts.
Grace Nyambura
Small and Medium Enterprises are recognized as a leading vehicle for economic development, revenue generation for the nation, a prime source of employment, innovation and technological advancement in both developed and developing nations. However, over the last couple of years, majority of industries both local and international have not been spared from the effect of economic downturn resulting in business closure and in particular the SMEs have not being spared from the effects of economic recession having in mind the negative effects of COVID 19 and this has led to shutting down of majority of the SMEs leading to loss of jobs, loss of income, reduction in gross domestic product, reduction in taxes and other social and economic challenges. SMEs more than ever before need to identify appropriate solutions to the challenges they are facing in order to sustain themselves. Sustainability of SMEs is important for its crucial role in promoting economic growth and equitable sustainable development. Sustainability enables institutions or groups to make decisions and transform those decisions into desired actions and outcomes over time allowing continuity. Six thinking hats is a creative method to analyze a decision, situation or problem in an effective way. The technique interrelates the different thinking styles with different colored hats and guides individuals to use particular thinking styles for each situation presented. By intellectualizing each color of the hat, the SMEs focuses on solutions associated with each color. This paper converses how this technique can be used as a tool for managerial decision making integrating it with the theory of accountability and resource based theory of SMEs in Kenya.
Adelen L. Ondoy, Jonalyn G. Padua, Menalin C. Viador
The integration of print and electronic resources in Philippine academic libraries has gained importance as students’ learning preferences evolve. Rodriguez (2020) observed that while learners appreciate the convenience of digital resources, they continue to value print materials for deep reading and note-taking. Similarly, Esposo-Betan and Fresnido (2022) highlighted that academic libraries in the Philippines adopted hybrid service models during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing institutional readiness and resource investment as key factors influencing sustainable digital engagement. This study examined the factors affecting students’ use of print and electronic resources at the STI West Negros University (STIWNU) Library. Employing a descriptive-quantitative research design and survey method, data were collected from 371 students across seven colleges. Results revealed that most respondents were young adults aged 17–20, predominantly male, and enrolled in various academic programs. Internet resources (M = 3.77) and books (M = 3.66) were the most utilized, while CDs and DVDs were least used. The most influential factor in resource use was relevance to academic needs (M = 4.10), with unstable internet connectivity (M = 3.21) and overcrowding (M = 3.16) identified as major challenges. The findings affirm that accessibility, infrastructure, and resource relevance significantly shape library utilization. It is recommended that the STIWNU Library enhance internet connectivity, expand study spaces, strengthen user training and faculty collaboration, and allocate increased funding to update print and electronic collections, upgrade technologies, and improve facilities to better support learning and research needs.
Mohd Ariff Mohd Daud, Muthoam, Wan Helmy Shahriman Wan Ahmad, Wan Noor Hazlina Wan Jusoh
This study attempts to explore preference of waqf fund usage for UiTM Terengganu. Eight projects were tested, namely education for student development, education for academic development, health, mosque, social care and welfare, trade and commerce, environment, and infrastructure development., This study uses Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, utilising data collected from an interview involving 20 respondents. The study found health is the priority, followed by education for student development, infrastructures, mosque, social care & welfare, environment, and finally education for academic development. Understanding the preference of the usage of waqf fund is crucial as the policymaker can allocate a bigger slice of the fund towards preferable projects, as well as it can become a marketing technique to attract more people to donate towards this education waqf fund.
Dr. Latha.P., Dr.Rincy.V.Mathew
Vedic management, rooted in the ancient Indian scriptures such as the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Arthashastra, presents a holistic framework that integrates material, intellectual, ethical, and spiritual dimensions of leadership and administration. In contrast to the compartmentalized and profit-centric focus of many modern management systems, Vedic management emphasizes harmony (samatva), duty (dharma), self-control (atma-nigraha), and collective welfare (lokasangraha). This paper critically analyses the holistic nature of Vedic management, juxtaposes it with modern management principles, and argues that its integration can enrich contemporary managerial practices by fostering ethical leadership, sustainable growth, and human well-being. Data from comparative content analysis and modern corporate case studies have been used to substantiate the holistic potential of Vedic models.
Mr. Prasad Vilas Sakharpe, Prof. A. S. Mali, Prof. S. T. Jadhav
The effectiveness, safety, and privacy of vehicle tracking can be greatly enhanced by developing an advanced tracking system, applying strong security measures to protect vehicles and cargo, and introducing innovative practices and solutions. This study takes a broad approach that involves a detailed review of existing research, the design and implementation of a new tracking system, and systematic evaluation of its impact on transportation and logistics. The results show that the proposed tracking system delivers precise and up-to-date information about vehicle location and performance. At the same time, the integration of security features strengthens the overall protection of vehicles and their cargo. In addition, this research highlights the current status of vehicle tracking technology, points out key limitations, and suggests improvements to push the field forward. Overall, this work contributes to the advancement of vehicle tracking by offering practical solutions, improved data privacy, and better system compatibility, while also providing important insights into the role and effectiveness of such systems in logistics and transportation.
Dr. Joseph T. Gudelos
Box jellyfish Chironex fleckeri stings pose a serious public health threat in the Philippines. Cases were reported to have caused dermal necrosis and infections. The nephrotoxicity of the venom of Chironex fleckeri has been attributed to hemolysis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which lead to acute kidney injury. Despite numerous studies on the mechanisms involved with the venom, not much is known to this date about its overall contribution to either treatment efficacy or kidney dysfunction. A descriptive review of mechanisms of venom, diagnostic approaches, and treatments in the Philippine setting will help highlight the deficit in pertinent public health policies. Chironex fleckeri is likely to be found in the coastal and estuarine areas of the Philippines. Distribution is influenced by seasonal water temperature and salinity, mirroring conditions found in its native Australian waters. Such risk factors can include the physical characteristics of this jellyfish, a transparent, cube-shaped bell with long, venomous tentacles, which will deliver potent venom. Knowing where and what, in terms of physical characteristics, puts into perspective all the risk factors for better patient outcomes.
Olusola-Fadumiye Titilope Olufunke (PhD
The integration of vodcast instructional platforms into accounting education has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing student performance. Vodcasts, or video podcasts, provide a flexible and engaging medium through which students can access instructional content, enabling a more personalized and self-paced learning experience. This study explores the impact of vodcast-based instruction on the academic performance of students in accounting education. Utilizing a descriptive research design survey. The study employs a quasi-experimental design with two groups: an experimental group that uses vodcast instructional platforms and a control group that receives traditional instruction. The findings indicate that students who utilized vodcast platforms demonstrated improved comprehension of complex accounting concepts, higher levels of engagement, and increased retention of course material compared to those relying solely on traditional teaching methods. Additionally, the study highlights the role of vodcasts in accommodating diverse learning styles and promoting active learning through repeated exposure to content. The research concludes that integrating vodcast instructional platforms into accounting curricula can significantly enhance student outcomes and suggests further exploration into optimizing these tools for broader educational contexts. Based on the findings, it was recommended that instructors can enhance the effectiveness of Vodcast platforms in accounting education, providing students with a richer and more interactive learning experience.
Ms. Aditya K
This article examines Kamala Das’s seminal autobiography, My Story, through the lens of feminist autobiography and the concept of “voices from the margins.” Das, a trailblazing figure in Indian English literature, utilized her life narrative not merely as a personal document but as a deliberate act of literary intervention that unsettled entrenched patriarchal norms and traditional expectations of female authorship in India. By candidly recounting her experiences as a woman from Kerala’s Nair aristocracy, Das challenges the confines of female subjectivity and asserts an autonomous narrative voice that was largely absent from Indian literary discourse of the 1970s. The article contextualizes My Story within a socio-cultural milieu where women’s autobiographical writing was rare and radical, highlighting how Das’s articulation of personal desire, marital disillusionment, and societal constraints ignited both controversy and critical debate. The narrative’s bold treatment of sexuality and emotional turmoil foregrounds the pressures faced by women navigating the intersecting forces of tradition and modernity. Additionally, the article explores how Das’s autobiography serves as a critique of the marginalization of women, both spatially and symbolically, within Indian society, while also providing a platform for subsequent generations of women writers to articulate their own truths. By foregrounding the complexities and contradictions of female agency, My Story emerges as a revolutionary text that redefines the boundaries of women’s self-representation. Ultimately, the article positions Kamala Das’s autobiographical act as both an assertion of individuality and a catalyst for the ongoing reimagining of women’s literary and social identities in contemporary India.
Dr. Deepak Sharma
Weeping is a profound and universal human expression that transcends cultures, borders, and time. This article delves into the historical, cultural, physiological, and psychological dimensions of weeping, exploring its significance, causes, and implications. Beginning with an exploration of the historical and cultural tapestry of weeping, the article highlights its revered place in human expression, from ancient rituals to modern interpretations. It examines how literature and art have portrayed weeping as a poignant motif, reflecting the depths of human emotion and resilience. Moving beyond its cultural and artistic significance, the article delves into the physiology and psychology of tears, elucidating their complex composition and therapeutic functions. It then examines the essence of weeping, its causes, and the role of the limbic system in orchestrating emotional responses. The article addresses the importance of context and support in understanding healthy versus unhealthy weeping, emphasizing the role of supportive social networks and professional interventions. It also explores cultural norms and stigma surrounding weeping, acknowledging the diverse attitudes toward emotional expression worldwide. Furthermore, the article discusses common and rare diseases associated with weeping, ranging from mood disorders to neurological conditions, underscoring the need for comprehensive medical evaluation and treatment. It also touches upon the role of homeopathy in addressing emotional distress and restoring balance.