Identification of Growth, Poverty and Health and Their Relationship with the Education in Indonesia

Abstract

This research explains in detail the conditions of primary and secondary education levels, aims to determine and examine the influence of economic growth, poverty, health facility, teacher quality, and school participation rate (SPR) on children not in school (CNS), using panel data in 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2017-2023. Economic growth has a positive effect on teacher quality or the higher the level of economic growth, the higher the quality of teachers in the three groups (elementary, junior high and senior high), only at the elementary school level the effect is not significant. Furthermore, poverty and health facilities do not affect teacher quality at the three levels. SPR is negatively affected by health facilities for all levels of education, but economic growth and teacher quality do not affect SPR. Poverty has a significant positive effect on CNS, conversely, increasing teacher quality has a negative impact on CNS at the elementary school level, but at the junior high and senior high levels the opposite occurs, where increasing teacher quality actually increases CNS. Then SPR has a negative effect at the elementary school level, but at the junior high and senior high levels it does not affect children not in school. At the high school level, increasing economic growth causes a significant decrease in CNS, but at the junior high school level it is not significant while at the elementary school level it does not have a significant effect.