3 Articles
Dr. Sabir Ahmad, Mr. Fazal Syed, Mr. Ihsan Syed, Mr. Irfan Syed, Mr. Rasheed Ali
Background: Obesity has become an increasingly pressing global health issue, and recent research indicates that both the amount and timing of energy consumption play crucial roles in weight management. The concept of chrononutrition illustrates how the timing of calorie distribution throughout the day can influence metabolic functions and the risk of obesity. Objective: This study sought to explore the relationship between the timing of daily energy intake and obesity among university students in Islamabad, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Riphah International University, Islamabad. A total of 100 enthusiastic students aged 18–30 years were selected through convenient sampling. We evaluated eating patterns and meal schedules through a reliable Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and gathered anthropometric data, such as Body Mass Index (BMI). We categorized caloric consumption into six segments: morning (6:00–8:59 AM), late morning (9:00–11:29 AM), noon (11:30 AM–1:29 PM), afternoon (1:30–5:29 PM), evening (5:30–8:29 PM), and night (8:30 PM–4:59 AM). We utilized Chi-square tests to explore the connections between BMI classifications and the timing of energy consumption. Results: A noteworthy connection was identified between the timing of energy consumption and BMI levels (p = 0.006). Increased caloric intake during the evening hours (p = 0.029) showed a positive correlation with being overweight and obese. In contrast, a higher intake of energy in the morning was linked to a lower BMI (p = 0.031). No significant links were found for late morning, noon, afternoon, or evening consumption. Conclusion: The evidence indicates that when energy is consumed, especially in the evening, it is significantly related to a higher BMI. Morning calorie consumption seems to provide a protective effect against obesity. These findings underscore the importance of not only focusing on overall caloric intake but also considering the timing of meals in efforts to prevent obesity among young adults.
Darius Fortunatus Gbeinbo, Tarimobowei Egberipou
Immunization is globally considered to be the zenith of cost-effectiveness when strategies for the prevention, control, elimination and eradication of diseases, particularly infectious diseases, are assessed. Consequently, it is noted that, over the course of the past quarter century, immunization of children and adolescents has significantly reduced communicable disease morbidity and mortality, worldwide, by a margin of some forty-five percent and counting. However, though there exist several diverse initiatives, within the compendium of healthcare interventions for the protection of infants and children, immunization particularly stands out in the opportunity it provides for the on-boarding of other essential health care services, including health promotion and treatment, within the context of integration and convergence of services. In consonance, thereof, 2YL immunization provides a platform for the introduction of new vaccines, improvement of routine immunization vaccine uptake and coverage, as well as the strengthening of health systems, at subnational and national levels, through the attainment of disease control and elimination goals. The foregoing premise is contingent upon considerations of the myriad inequities such as vaccine hesitancy, non-compliance, religious beliefs, sociocultural differences, economic barriers, and lack of awareness or sensitization, bedeviling immunization in infancy in affected regions, worldwide. Thus, the concept of second year of life (2YL) immunization advocates for the vaccination of eligible children, with recommended vaccine antigens, as appropriate, with a view to increasing herd immunity, in fledging populations such as those of Bayelsa state, Nigeria, where attainment of globally recommended vaccination coverage targets have been suboptimal. This study, therefore, seeks to assess the impact of 2YL immunization on childhood routine immunization outcomes in Bayelsa state, Nigeria.
Maritoni P. Millet
The Welfare Development Programs are implemented with goal of achieving the highest attainable well-being of Persons deprived of Liberty (PDL). The core programs are designed to address the varying needs of the PDL while confinement, effect positive behavioral changes and facilitate the acquisition of vocational skills thereby reducing the chances of recidivism on one hand and increasing the possibility of successful community reintegration. This study aimed to assess the level of implementation and level of effectiveness of Welfare Development Programs as rehabilitation in Urdaneta Dristict Jail Female dorm. The explanatory sequential mixed-method design was used in this study. Based on the findings, the Welfare Development Programs in Urdaneta District Jail Female Dorm is highly implemented and highly effective as a form of rehabilitation across various aspects. These findings suggest that WDPs plays a crucial role in promoting positive outcomes and facilitating the rehabilitation process for PDLs within the BJMP facilities. However, despite the program’s effectiveness, several challenges were identified in its implementation, including non-participation and engagement, limited resources and space and poor internet connection. Thus, a comprehensive action plan can enhance the program’s effectiveness and contribute to the holistic rehabilitation and reintegration of PDLs into society.